Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.Z. Felsmann Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Szarek Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M. Felsmann Author-Workplace-Name: Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland Author-Name: I. Babinska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Factors affecting temporary cavity generation during gunshot wound formation in animals - new aspects in the light of flow mechanics: a review Abstract: There is controversy regarding the causes of temporary cavity generation during gunshot wound formation. Analysis of gunshot wounds in hunted animals suggests that a bullet's frontal surface shape is the primary factor in forming a temporary pulsating cavity, and that cavity size is not directly affected by bullet velocity. Keywords: temporary cavity, gunshot wound, bullet Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 569-574 Volume: 57 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6463-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6463-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201211-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:11:id:6463-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Siugzdaite Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian University of Health Science, Veterinary Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania Author-Name: A. Gabinaitiene Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian University of Health Science, Veterinary Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania Author-Name: S. Kerziene Author-Workplace-Name: Lithuanian University of Health Science, Veterinary Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania Title: Susceptibility of Mycoplasma bovis field isolates to antimicrobial agents Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial susceptibility of field isolates of Mycoplasma bovis originating from the upper respiratory tract of cattle of different ages. Bacteriological examination of 90 nasal swabs collected from calves at three months of age identified M. bovis in 31 (34.44%) samples. Seventeen (18.88%) of these animals still housed M. bovis in their nasal cavity at nine months and five animals (5.55%) still at seventeen months of age. M. bovis were confirmed by biochemical and antigenic methods. To confirm that these belonged to the M. bovis species isolated mycoplasmas were tested using the PCR method. Fifteen field strains of M. bovis isolated from the same cattle at three, nine and seventeen months (five strains from each age group) were selected for antibacterial susceptibility testing against six groups of antimicrobial agents using an agar dilution method. The MIC90 ranges established for tylosin, tulathromycin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol and lincomycin were 0.39-0.78 µg/ml, 0.50-1.00 µg/ml, 0.78-1.56 µg/ml, 3.12 µg/ml and 0.39-0.78 µg/ml, respectively. The range of MIC90 for oxytetracycline was from 50 to 100 µg/ml. Preliminary examination of the antimicrobial susceptibility of field strains of M. bovis did not reveal significant differences between different age groups of cattle. After evaluation of the MIC90 data with the SPSS 13.0 statistical package it was found that M. bovis isolates from animals at three, nine and seventeen months were similarly susceptible to tylosin and tulathromycin. Statistically significant differences in susceptibility of M. bovis isolated from cattle of different ages were found to florfenicol compared with tulathromycin (P < 0.01), lincomycin (P < 0.01) and enrofloxacin (P < 0.05). The susceptibility of all M. bovis isolates to oxytetracycline and penicillin G significantly differed from the sensitivity to all other antimicrobial agents used in the present study (P < 0.05). The in vitro susceptibility test showed that field isolates of M. bovis isolated from cattle of different ages were similarly sensitive to tylosin, tulathromycin, lincomycin and enrofloxacin. It was also determined that the field strains are resistant to oxytetracycline. Keywords: Mycoplasma bovis, cattle, minimal inhibitory concentration Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 575-582 Volume: 57 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6464-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6464-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201211-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:11:id:6464-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: U.K. De Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India Author-Name: R. Mukherjee Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India Title: Dynamics of milk leukocytes in response to intramammary infusion of amoxicillin plus sulbactam during bovine subclinical mastitis Abstract: The therapeutic potential of amoxicillin plus sulbactam and its effect on dynamics of milk leukocytes in bovine sub clinical mastitis were investigated in this study. Therapeutic efficacy was measured by somatic cell count and total bacterial count of the milk, whereas, the dynamics of milk leukocytes were assessed by measuring phagocytosis, hydrogen peroxide production, myeloperoxidase and lactoperoxidase enzyme levels in the milk leukocytes. Forty-five crossbred cows were randomly divided into three equal groups. Group I consisting of 15 cows served as healthy control, whereas 30 cows (sub clinical mastitis) were randomly divided into Groups II and III on the basis of positive reactions in the California Mastitis Test. Group II cows received 300mg of amoxicillin plus sulbactam twice daily for three days and Group III received sterile 5 ml phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) for three days. Both treatments were administered via the intramammary route. Observations were made up to 15 days after initiation of treatment. The results revealed a pronounced drop in somatic cell count and total bacterial count, whereas significant (P < 0.05) enhancement of phagocytic activity (42.20%), hydrogen peroxide production (29.46%), myeloperoxidase (49.27%) and lactoperoxidase (147.10%) enzyme levels in the milk leukocytes in Group II cows during post treatment periods were observed. Such changes were statistically non-significant in Group III cows. The results of the present study indicate that intramammary use of amoxicillin plus sulbactam augments the bactericidal function of milk leukocytes during bovine sub clinical mastitis and demonstrate the strong therapeutic potential against bovine subclinical mastitis. Keywords: amoxicillin, leukocytes, subclinical mastitis, sulbactam Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 583-590 Volume: 57 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6465-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6465-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201211-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:11:id:6465-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Adamu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria Author-Name: M.A. Noraniza Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: A. Rasedee Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: A. Bashir Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Title: Metabolic responses in endurance horses during racing in relation to uric acid profile, leucocytes, heart rate and plasma biochemical parameters Abstract: Uric acid has stronger pro-oxidant than antioxidant properties during equine endurance events and thus, limits performance and has serious repercussions on health. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in uric acid, leucocytes, plasma biochemical parameters and heart rate in metabolic endurance horses. Thirty Arabian endurance horses were physically examined and blood samples were collected pre and post-race. After physical examination, the successfully completed (n = 10) and metabolic disordered (n = 20) endurance horses were identified. Blood samples in heparinised vacutainer tubes were used for the determination of uric acid, triglyceride, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, packed cell volume, lactate, total protein and plasma protein. Blood sample in ethyl diaminotetra-acetic acid vacutainer tubes were used for the analysis of leucocytes. The age, body weight, heart rate, humidity and ambient temperature were also recorded. One way Analysis of variance and pairwise correlations were used for the analysis. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered as significantly different. The mean values of uric acid, lactate, leucocytes, plasma protein, total protein, heart rate, creatine pinase and Packed cell volume were significantly different between the successfully completed and metabolic disordered endurance horses P < 0.0001), respectively. The mean values of aspartate transaminase and triglyceride were significantly different between the successfully completed and metabolic disordered endurance horses: P < 0.0130 and P < 0.0004, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between uric acid and lactate (r = 0.5196; P < 0.0271), between uric acid and plasma protein (r = 0.6025; P < 0.0175), between uric and Packed cell volume (r = 0.5206; P < 0.0268), between uric acid and triglyceride (r = 0.5541; P < 0.0170) and between uric acid and heart rate (r = 0.5629; P < 0.0150) in the metabolic disordered endurance horses. In conclusion, heart rate, triglyceride, blood lactate and packed cell volume were significantly associated with uric acid, a biomarker of oxidative stress. Therefore, uric acid could be used to evaluate performance and health status in endurance horses during training and endurance events. Keywords: uric acid, oxidative stress, endurance horses, leucocytes, biochemical, heart rate Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 591-596 Volume: 57 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6466-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6466-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201211-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:11:id:6466-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Ledecky Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Knazovicky Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Badida Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, The Technical University of Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Dulebova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, The Technical University of Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Hluchy Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: S. Hornak Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Title: Mechanical testing of orthopaedic suture material and a crimp clamp system for the extracapsular stabilisation of canine cruciate-deficient stifles Abstract: The cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) provides cranio-caudal stability, prevents hyperextension and constrains medial rotation of the tibia in the canine stifle joint and CCL rupture is the leading cause of hind leg lameness in dogs. Treatment of CCL rupture aims to resolve lameness caused by joint instability and provide good long-term function of the affected hind limb. The extracapsular technique is one of the most popular methods to restore joint stability. The technique involves a suture loop that is placed around the lateral fabella and through the tibial tuberosity. The ideal suture material should be strong, aseptic, easily handled, inexpensive, and provide excellent knot security and knot compactness. A critical property of the loop is the application of either a knot or crimp to maintain the tension on the loop. There is a variety of orthopaedic suture materials used for the extracapsular technique. Our aim was to compare the mechanical properties of four commercially available materials in pure tension. The materials tested were monofilament nylon leader (MNL) 100 lb, MNL 80 lb, Supramid and Silon. Our second objective was to compare the interoperator variability of applying either a knot or a crimp to secure the suture loop. Ultimate tensile strength was greatest with MNL 100 lb (373 N) followed by MNL 80 lb (285 N), Supramid (160 N) and Silon (103 N). Based on our results, we conclude that MNL 100 lb and MNL 80 lb are mechanically superior to Silon and Supramid. Our study also shows significant effects for the operator and method of loop fixation (P < 0.0001). Intraoperator differences were also found to be significant, for operator 1 (P < 0.0001), for operator 2 (P < 0.001) and operator 3 (P < 0.01). Our findings indicate that MNL is most suitable orthopaedic material and that loop fixation should remain the method of choice for surgeons treating CCL. Keywords: dog, cranial cruciate ligament rupture, surgery, lateral suture, knee joint Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 597-602 Volume: 57 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6467-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6467-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201211-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:11:id:6467-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Landa Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Slais Author-Workplace-Name: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Sulcova Author-Workplace-Name: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The effect of sertindole on behavioural sensitisation to methamphetamine in mice Abstract: Similarly to various other addictive substances, methamphetamine (Met) produces, following repeated application, a strong increase in behavioural responses (particularly locomotor behaviour), a phenomenon termed behavioural sensitisation. In our previous studies we tested the effects of various psychotropic drugs on behavioural sensitisation to Met, particularly the effects of cannabinoid receptor ligands with different intrinsic activities and felbamate and memantine, antagonists of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. In the present study we investigated the influence of the antipsychotic drug sertindole (Srt) on sensitisation to the effects of Met on mouse locomotor behaviour in the Open field test. Male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and were administered drugs seven times (from the 7th to 13th day of the experiment) as follows: (a) n1, 2: Met at the doses of 2.5 mg/kg/day; (b) n3: Met + Srt at the doses of 2.5 mg/kg/day + 10.0 mg/kg/day; (c) n4: Srt at the dose of 10.0 mg/kg/day. Locomotion in the Open field test was measured (a) after administration of vehicle on the 1st day, (b) after the 1st dose of drugs given on the 7th day, and (c) on the 14th day after the "challenge doses" administered in the following way: n1: Met; n2: Met+Srt, n3: Met; n4: Srt. We found the following significant behavioural changes: (1) a stimulatory influence of Met and development of sensitisation after repeated treatment (n1); (2) an inhibition of Met sensitisation in the case of a combined challenge dose of Met + Srt (n2); (3) a stimulatory effect of Met when animals were repeatedly pre-treated with Met + Srt (n3); (4) a significant inhibition of locomotion after the 1st dose of Srt, that persisted even after the last Srt dose (n4). Data concerning the involvement of sertindole in reward processes associated with drug addiction are not completely consistent and our results reflect this ambiguity to a certain extent. A combined challenge dose of Met + Srt administered after repeated pre-treatment with Met inhibited the development of behavioural sensitisation; on the other hand a Met challenge dose alone administered after repeated pre-treatment with Met + Srt produced a significant increase in locomotion. Keywords: behavioural sensitisation, methamphetamine, sertindole, mice Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 603-609 Volume: 57 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6468-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6468-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201211-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:11:id:6468-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Marycz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: J. Grzesiak Author-Workplace-Name: University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Workplace-Name: Equivet Horse Hospital, Gliwice, Poland Author-Name: K. Wrzeszcz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: P. Golonka Author-Workplace-Name: Equivet Horse Hospital, Gliwice, Poland Title: Adipose stem cell combined with plasma-based implant bone tissue differentiation in vitro and in a horse with a phalanx digitalis distalis fracture: a case report Abstract: A horse suffering from an undetected hoof bone fracture was diagnosed three weeks after injury. The formation of callus tissue was detected at the fracture site. Standard orthopaedic screw application was augmented by a novel method, a combination of stem cells and plasma components. For experimental therapy, fat tissue and blood samples were collected from the patient to isolate stem cells and plasma proteins. The obtained and characterised mesenchymal stem cell population was applied to the wound area, together with an implant prepared from plasma, wrapped over the orthopaedic screw. Additionally, cells with implant were differentiated in vitro into bone tissue, to evaluate if cells could successfully produce extracellular matrix in such material. Three weeks after application, the hoof was significantly regenerated, and after three months - the bone was completely rebuilt. The in vitro experiment also gave positive results, with completely differentiated cells after three weeks. Our data show that enriching the standard orthopaedic material with mesenchymal stem cells adds therapeutic value to the treatment of refractory bone fractures. Keywords: hoof bone fracture, fat tissue, plasma implant, in vitro differentiation, horse Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 610-617 Volume: 57 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6469-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6469-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201211-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:11:id:6469-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Palumbo Piccionello Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy Author-Name: F. Dini Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy Author-Name: A.M. Tambella Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy Author-Name: M. Cerquetella Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy Author-Name: C. Vullo Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy Title: Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with a bronchial foreign body (grass awn) in a dog: a case report Abstract: A five-year-old dog was referred with a five-month history of lethargy, decreased appetite, cough and intermittent forelimb lameness. Radiographs revealed an intra-thoracic lesion and a marked periosteal bone apposition of the second digit on the left forelimb. As it was palisading and circumferential, the latter appeared typical of hypertrophic osteopathy (HO). A grass awn in a sub-lobar ramification of the right caudal bronchus was identified and removed by bronchoscopy. At three months follow-up, the digit appeared clinically normal. On radiographs the periosteal bone reaction had decreased, indicative of resolving hypertrophic osteopathy. Thoracic radiographs showed no abnormalities five months after foreign body removal and the bone lesion on the digit had disappeared. Successful treatment of the pulmonary foreign body abscess led to spontaneous regression of HO and eventually to complete resolution of clinical signs. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of HO secondary to a bronchial-pulmonary grass an abscess. Keywords: hypertrophic osteopathy, grass awn, foreign body, dog Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 618-621 Volume: 57 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6470-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6470-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201211-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:11:id:6470-VETMED