Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Bukowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: B. Kempisty Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: H. Piotrowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: P. Sosinska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Wozna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: S. Ciesiolka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: P. Antosik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: J.M. Jaskowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: K.P. Brüssow Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany Author-Name: M. Nowicki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Title: The structure and role of mammalian sperm RNA: a review Abstract: The main role of sperm is the delivery of the paternal genome into the oocyte during fertilisation. However, several lines of evidence have indicated that mammalian spermatozoa contribute more than just their DNA, namely, they also deliver a large range of RNA molecules. Microarray analysis has revealed a complex population of 3000 different kinds of messenger RNA that are delivered to oocytes by sperm and ejaculated spermatozoa are estimated to contain about 0.015 pg of total RNA. Some of the transcripts encode proteins crucial for early embryo development. Messenger RNAs from sperm also help to protect the paternal genes, which have an integral role soon after fertilisation. The molecular participation of the oocyte during fertilisation is well understood but the function of the sperm in this process remains unclear. During spermatogenesis the structure of the male haploid genome is permanently modified. Transition proteins (TNPs), protamines (PRMs) and histones (HILS-spermatid specific linker histone) play a unique role in spermatid chromatin compaction. In this review, the structure and role of sperm RNA as well as chromatin organisation during spermatogenesis are discussed. Keywords: sperm, spermatozoal RNA, fertilisation Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 57-64 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6696-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6696-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201302-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:2:id:6696-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Danylevska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Sebestova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, Libechov, Czech Republic Title: Causes and consequences of maternal age-related aneuploidy in oocytes: a review Abstract: Although a positive correlation between aneuploidy and maternal age was first reported almost a century ago, the underlying mechanisms remain mostly unknown. Different hypotheses regarding age-related aneuploidy rise have been presented, but so far none of them can explain its full mechanism. Age-related aneuploidy is more likely to result from complex events taking place during the entire period of germ cell development, than from the failure of one particular mechanism. Recent findings confirm that the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) does not control and correct kinetochore-microtubule attachments in oocytes, enabling further propagation of aneuploidy, which has occurred in the earlier phases of oogenesis. In this review we will discuss the following hypotheses: the "limited oocyte pool" hypothesis, the "two hits" hypothesis, weakened centromeric cohesion and cohesin loss, different functions of the spindle assembly checkpoint and finally, changes in global gene expression. Keywords: aneuploidy, oocyte, maternal age, meiosis, spindle assembly checkpoint Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 65-72 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6697-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6697-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201302-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:2:id:6697-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Przyborowska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: Z. Adamiak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M. Jaskolska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: Y. Zhalniarovich Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Hydrocephalus in dogs: a review Abstract: Hydrocephalus is a multifactoral disorder that was rarely diagnosed in dogs until the availability of advanced imaging techniques in veterinary practice. This article reviews recent advances in the understanding of canine hydrocephalus including pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment solutions. The advantages and disadvantages of USG, RTG, CT and MRI as advanced diagnostic methods are discussed. For now Low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the most useful tool in investigating hydrocephalus. The recommended sequences for MRI are T1-weighting images Spin echo, Field echo 3D with TR 380-750 ms, TE 12-25 ms, slice thickness 1-6 mm and with an interslice gap of 0-2 mm. The evaluation of cerebral ventricular system morphology in obtained MRI scans involves measuring the height, area and volume of the brain and lateral ventricles. The results are classified as normal state if the ratio of ventricular height to the brain height is above 14%, the ratio of ventricular area to the brain area amounts to above 7%, and the ventricular to brain volume ratio is above 5%. However, there are still problems relating to inter- and intrabreed comparison among examined dogs. Treatment solutions in hydrocephalus are also discussed in this review. The medical treatment of hydrocephalus aims to decrease CSF production and is based on using acetazolamide, furosemide and prednisone. Surgical management aims to place the ventriculoperitoneal shunt for CSF flow control. Postsurgical complications are also described in this review. Keywords: canine hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid, magnetic resonance imaging, ventriculomegaly, ventricular asymmetry, medical treatment, ventriculoperitoneal shunt Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 73-80 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6698-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6698-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201302-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:2:id:6698-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Mala Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J.-F. Beckers Author-Workplace-Name: University of Liege, Liege, Belgium Author-Name: N. Melo de Sousa Author-Workplace-Name: University of Liege, Liege, Belgium Author-Name: E. Indrova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Lopatarova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Dolezel Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Cech Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Intrafollicular LH administration in dairy heifers treated with a GnRH agonist Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intrafollicular treatment (IFT) with different doses of luteinising hormone. Experimental heifers were treated with a single deslorelin implant to desensitise gonadotroph cells of the pituitary gland. Thereafter, follicular development was stimulated by exogenous FSH treatment. Intrafollicular treatment with 10, 5, 1 and 0.01 µg LH was performed on one single follicle while other follicles remained untreated. Human chorionic gonadotrophine (2000 UI) was administered intravenously as a control. Ovulation and development of the corpus luteum occurred after all intrafollicular treatments with 10 and 5 µg LH. After IFT using 1 µg of LH 75% animals (3/4) ovulated. The dose of 0.01 µg was not followed by any ovulation whereas control treatments with hCG were followed by an ovulation of the majority of follicles present in the ovaries. In conclusion, IFT with different doses of LH (greater than 0.01 µg) is capable of inducing ovulation. Keywords: intrafollicular treatment, double channel system, luteinising hormone, deslorelin, cattle Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 81-86 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6700-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6700-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201302-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:2:id:6700-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R.A. Ahmad Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Author-Name: Amarpal Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Author-Name: P. Kinjavdekar Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Author-Name: H.P. Aithal Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Author-Name: A.M. Pawde Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Author-Name: D. Kumar Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Title: Potential use of dexmedetomidine for different levels of sedation, analgesia and anaesthesia in dogs Abstract: A combination of drugs may be preferred over the use of a single agent to induce deep sedation. A synergistic interaction between the drugs reduces the dose requirements of the drugs thereby minimising the unwanted side effects associated with each drug and improving recovery. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of dexmedetomidine and dexmedetomidine in combination with midazolam-fentanyl or midazolam-fentanyl-ketamine for different levels of sedation, analgesia and anaesthesia in dogs. In a prospective, blinded, randomised clinical trial, 12 mixed breed dogs were divided into three groups. Animals of Group I were injected with dexmedetomidine 20 μg/kg. Animals of Group II received 20 μg/kg dexmedetomidine + 0.2 mg/kg midazolam + 4 μg/kg fentanyl and animals of Group III were administered with 20 μg/kg dexmedetomidine + 0.2 mg/kg midazolam + 4 μg/kg fentanyl + 10 mg/kgketamine. All the drugs were given simultaneously via the intramuscular route. Jaw relaxation, palpebral reflex, pedal reflex and response to intubation were recorded and graded on a numerical scale. Values of heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and mean arterial pressure were recorded at baseline and then at predetermined intervals up to 120 min. Onset of sedation time, onset of recumbency time, time to return of righting reflex, standing recovery time and complete recovery time were recorded. Maximal muscle relaxation, sedation and analgesia were observed in animals of Group III, which was followed in decreasing order by Groups II and I. Heart rate decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after administration of drugs in Groups I and II but a significant (P < 0.05) increase was recorded in Group III. Respiratory rate decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in all the groups. Rectal temperature decreased non-significantly in all the groups. Mean arterial pressure initially increased significantly (P < 0.01) in Groups I and III followed by a decrease in Group I, but in Group III it remained above the base line. In Group II, MAP decreased throughout the study period. Onset of sedation time and onset of recumbency time were significantly (P < 0.05) shorter in Group III as compared to Group I. Time to return of righting reflex, standing recovery time and complete recovery time did not differ significantly between the groups. It is concluded that dexmedetomidine provides a reliable moderate sedation and analgesia. Addition of midazolam and fentanyl enhances sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation induced by dexmedetomidine. Addition of ketamine produced deep sedation and complete anaesthesia with lesser cardiopulmonary depression. Thus, dexmedetomidine can be used safely in combination with midazolam, fentanyl and ketamine for different levels of sedation, analgesia and anaesthesia in dogs. Keywords: dexmedetomidine, analgesia, anaesthesia, ketamine, fentanyl, midazolam, dogs Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 87-95 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6699-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6699-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201302-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:2:id:6699-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y.K. Cho Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Radiological Technology, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Korea Author-Name: K.C. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Korea Title: Standardised uptake values of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose using PET/CT in normal cats Abstract: In this study we assessed the normal physiological and dynamic thoracoabdominal distribution of 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake and the standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the major parenchymal organs in five normal young adult domestic short haired cats. Dynamic PET data were acquired with a transaxial field-of-view (FOV) PET/CT scanner, Regions of interests (ROIs) were manually drawn over the left ventricular free wall, left ventricular blood pool, liver, spleen, and left and right renal cortices. The SUVs of these organs were calculated for 5-min frames over the 90 min acquisition. The uptake of 18F-FDG within the major organs, showed a tendency to gradually decline, except for the left ventricle and blood pool. The decrease in SUV was rapid after injection with a plateau occurring after 30 minutes. The uptake of 18F -FDG within the hepatic parenchyma was low compared to that in the kidney at the beginning of study. A steady decline in the hepatic parenchyma SUV was quite similar to that observed for the kidneys .The SUV of 18F-FDG within the spleen was low. Uptake of 18F-FDG within the myocardium was minimal. These SUV data from the parenchymal organs of normal cats compares favourably with those of normal humans and dogs and can be used in feline studies using PET/CT for the evaluation of various diseases. Furthermore, PET/CT can provide higher quality images over shorter examination times than conventional PET. Keywords: standardised uptake value (SUV), 18F-FDG, cat, PET/CT Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 96-104 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6701-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6701-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201302-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:2:id:6701-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Sim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA Author-Name: H.C. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea Author-Name: H.Y. Son Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea Author-Name: J.Y. Jung Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea Author-Name: S.Y. Ryu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea Author-Name: B.K. Park Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea Title: Description of peritoneal cavity dirofilariosis caused by Dirofilaria immitis (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) in a dog: a case report Abstract: We describe Dirofilaria immitis occurring in the peritoneal cavity of a dog from Korea. Two worms were found in the fat of the umbrical cord area during operation for an umbrical cord hernia in a dog (four year old, female, Maltese). In gross findings, the worms were slander white and measured 132 mm (female), 111 mm (male). The tail of the male was spirally coiled. In light microscopy, the uterus was filled with not fully developed eggs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cuticule was smooth on the head but those of the tail exhibited complex cuticular striation in the male. Head papillae were located in a cephalic plate forming a rectangular pattern dorsoventrally, with 4 inner labial papillae and four outer cephalic papillae. The mouth opening was very small and the bursal cavity was absent. Laterally there was a pair of amphids. Keywords: dog, Dirofilaria immitis, peritoneal cavity Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 105-108 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6702-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6702-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201302-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:2:id:6702-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C.F. Agudelo Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Filipejova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Schanilec Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Chocolate ingestion-induced non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in a puppy: a case report Abstract: Chocolate intoxication in small animals may be life-threatening and associated with serious morbidity and mortality. The main clinical presentations are cardio-respiratory and neurological complications. One of the most common post-mortem findings is pulmonary oedema which can be a cause of immediate death. We report a case of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema thought to be triggered by chocolate intoxication in a three-month-old puppy Dachshund dog. To the authors' knowledge this is the first time such a complication has been reported after chocolate ingestion. The history, clinical signs, diagnostic approach (radiographs, methylxanthine concentrations, electrocardiography and echocardiography), and treatment are described. The effects of a combination of methylxanthines and other triggers of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema are discussed. Keywords: chocolate intoxication, non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, methylxanthines, furosemide Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 109-112 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6703-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6703-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201302-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:2:id:6703-VETMED