Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V.J. Cvetkovic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia Author-Name: S.J. Najman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia Author-Name: J.S. Rajkovic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia Author-Name: A.Lj. Zabar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia Author-Name: P.J. Vasiljevic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia Author-Name: Lj.B. Djordjevic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia Author-Name: M.D. Trajanovic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia Title: A comparison of the microarchitecture of lower limb long bones between some animal models and humans: a review Abstract: Animal models are unavoidable and indispensable research tools in the fields of bone tissue engineering and experimental orthopaedics. The fact that there is not ideal animal model as well as the differences in the bone microarchitecture and physiology between animals and humans are complicate factors and make model implementation difficult. Therefore, the tendency should be directed towards extrapolation of the results from one animal model to another or from animal model to humans. So far, this is the first paper which provides an overview on the microarchitecture of lower limb long bones and discusses data related to osteon diameter, osteon canal diameter and their orientation, as well as intracortical canals and trabecular tissue microarchitecture in commonly used animal models compared to humans depending on age, gender and anatomical location of the bone. Understanding the differences between animal model and human bone microarchitecture should enable a more accurate extrapolation of experimental results from one animal model to another or from animal models to humans in the fields of bone tissue engineering and experimental orthopaedics. Also, this should be helpful in making decisions on which animal models are the most suitable for particular preclinical testing. Keywords: bone microarchitecture, lower limb, osteon, intracortical canals, trabeculae, animal models Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 339-351 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6914-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6914-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201307-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:7:id:6914-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Wieczorek Author-Workplace-Name: National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland Author-Name: I. Kania Author-Workplace-Name: National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland Author-Name: J. Osek Author-Workplace-Name: National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland Title: Erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter coli from slaughtered animals as a potential public health risk Abstract: Erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter were isolated from pig, cattle, and poultry carcasses slaughtered in Poland between 2008 and 2011. A total of 1335 strains were examined and among them 20 (1.5%) showed a high level of erythromycin resistance (≥ 32 mg/l) as determined by the microbroth dilution method. All these isolates were C. coli and mainly originated from poultry (15 strains). PCR amplification or DNA sequencing identified the mutation A2075G in the 23S rRNA gene in all strains tested. The vast majority of such C. coli were also resistant to quinolones, tetracyclines, and streptomycin whereas none of them revealed resistance to gentamycin. Furthermore, several isolates (14; 70.0%) displayed multi-resistance pattern against quinolones, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines. PCR analysis identified several putative virulence genes such as cadF, flaA, and iam (present in all erythromycin resistant isolates) as well as the cdtA and flhA markers (19 and 16 strains, respectively) among C. coli tested. On the other hand, only two out of 20 isolates were positive for the ciaB and docA genes. Furthermore, none of the analysed strains had the virB11 and wlaN markers. A molecular relationship determination of the erythromycin-resistant C. coli performed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed 17 different types. This reflects the high genetic diversity among the examined isolates. The results obtained suggest that erythromycin-resistant C. coli from food-producing animals may represent an underestimated potential health risk for consumers. Keywords: Campylobacter, carcasses, erythromycin resistance, molecular characteristics, public health Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 352-358 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6915-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6915-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201307-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:7:id:6915-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Preziuso Author-Workplace-Name: University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy Author-Name: G.E. Magi Author-Workplace-Name: University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy Author-Name: S. Mari Author-Workplace-Name: University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy Author-Name: G. Renzoni Title: Detection of Visna Maedi virus in mesenteric lymph nodes and in other lymphoid tissues of sheep three years after respiratory infection Abstract: Visna/Maedi virus (VMV), a small ruminant lentivirus responsible for lymphoproliferative pneumonia, encephalitis, arthritis and/or mastitis in sheep, has been detected in different non-lymphoid organs. However, only a few investigations have been carried out in lymphoid tissues. In this study, some lymphoid tissues and lymph node draining or non-draining VMV target organs from five sheep infected experimentally by the respiratory route three years previously were investigated. Archival samples of spleen, red bone marrow, caudal mediastinal lymph nodes, mammary lymph nodes, popliteal lymph nodes and mesenteric lymph nodes were tested by PCR for the presence of proviral DNA. Popliteal and mesenteric lymph node samples were tested also by immunohistochemical staining of the viral capsid antigen p28. The proviral DNA was detected by PCR in all the lymphoid tissue samples from the infected sheep. The viral antigen was stained in mononuclear cells in popliteal and mesenteric lymph nodes of the infected sheep. Although the lymph nodes draining the classical target organs seem to be more infected than the others, both the viral capsid antigen and the proviral DNA were present also in lymph nodes draining non-target organs, such as the mesenteric lymph nodes. These findings show the presence of VMV in different lymphoid tissues in the late stages of infection and suggest a potential role of these tissues as a site for viral reservoir and replication, even three years after infection. Keywords: Visna/Maedi virus, sheep, lymphoid tissue, immunohistochemistry, PCR, experimental infection Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 359-363 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6916-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6916-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201307-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:7:id:6916-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.M. Serrano-Caballero Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: A.M. Molina Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: A.J. Lora Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: J.M. Serrano-Rodriguez Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: F. Pena Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: M.R. Moyano Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Title: Evaluation of different central nervous system depressors combined with ketamine for anaesthesia in mice Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare some depressors of the central nervous system combined with ketamine in order to find an adequate scombination for anaesthesia in mice, coupled with a simple, easy to use and reliable method. Forty Swiss OF-1 mice (Mus musculus), 20 females and 20 males with a body weight from 35 to 45 g aged from 12 to 16 weeks, were used to evaluate one of the following central nervous system depressors (CNSD): acepromazine (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg), medetomidine (1 mg/kg), midazolam (5 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) combined with the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine (100 mg/kg) by the intraperitoneal route. Different parameters were evaluated at regular intervals to assess the depth of anaesthesia (time of induction, time of loss and recovery of pedal withdrawal reflex, time of recovery from the anaesthesia), and respiratory and heart rate and oxygen saturation. Most of the assessment times and physiological parameters were exhibited earlier in females than in males but, in most cases, these differences were not significant. The diazepam combination resulted in death in half of the male group. Significant differences for the combination comparison were found for induction, pedal withdrawal reflex and recovery from anaesthesia, as well as for respiratory and heart rate and oxygen saturation. The best results for mice of both genders, i.e. induction, maintenance and recovery from anaesthesia were more stable with α2-agonists than with other combinations (benzodiazepines or acepromazine), which did not reach a good anaesthetic level, that is, an adequate anaesthetic plane with an absence of the pedal withdrawal reflex and the maintenance of stable vital constants. Keywords: anaesthesia, acepromazine, diazepam, midazolam, medetomidine, xylazine Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 364-372 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6917-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6917-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201307-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:7:id:6917-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Aydin Author-Workplace-Name: School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey Author-Name: Z.E. Ozkan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: R. Ilgun Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Republic University, Sivas, Turkey Title: The morphology of the arteries originating from the arcus aorta and the branches of these arteries in mole-rats (Spalax leucodon) Abstract: In this study, the aim was to investigate the anatomy of the aortic arch arteries in mole-rats (Spalax leucodon). Six adult mole-rats were used for this purpose. Coloured latex was injected into the left ventriculus of the hearts of all animals. The materials were carefully dissected and the arterial patterns of arteries originating from the aortic arch were examined. The brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries were detached from the aortic arch. The brachiocephalic trunk separated into the right subclavian and common carotid arteries. The branches separating from the subclavian arteries were on the right, the common branch giving the profund cervical, the internal thoracic, and the costocervical trunk, and on the left the internal thoracic and the costocervical trunk were in the common root and the profund cervical artery was independent and on both sides after giving the common branch of the superficial servical and the external thoracic artery. This continued as the axillary artery which was then separated into the subscapular and the brachial arteries. Thus, the arteries originating from the aortic arch and the branches of these arteries were found to be different from other rodents and domestic mammals. Keywords: arteries, aortic arch, mole-rats (Spalax leucodon) Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 373-376 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6918-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6918-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201307-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:7:id:6918-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Loste Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Author-Name: M. Borobia Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Author-Name: M. Borobia Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Author-Name: D. Lacasta Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Author-Name: M. Carbonell Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Author-Name: A. Basurco Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Author-Name: M.C. Marca Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Title: Adrenal gland tumours. Different clinical presentations in three dogs: a case report Abstract: Three dogs were evaluated due to the presence of unilateral adrenal gland masses with or without clinical signs. Case 1 showed a unilateral non-functional adrenocortical adenoma, discovered accidentally while Case 2 presented a unilateral cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenoma; a pheochromocytoma was accidentally discovered in Case 3. The adrenalectomy was the treatment of choice in all cases. The development of diagnostic imaging techniques, mainly ultrasonography, and its application to routine abdominal examinations, have allowed the detection of adrenal gland masses more frequently. However, there is no pattern of echogenicity or architecture which would help in the differentiation in a functional tumour from a non-functional tumour, a pheochromocytoma, a metastatic lesion to the adrenal or a granuloma. A complete description of history, clinical signs, laboratory analysis and imaging studies is included. Moreover, a revision of the different types of adrenal gland tumours, with their clinical presentation, a standardised diagnosis protocol and options for treatment are discussed. Keywords: incidentaloma, adrenal gland tumour, pheochromocytoma, hyperadrenocorticism, dog Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 377-384 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6919-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6919-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201307-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:7:id:6919-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Rzymski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: B. Poniedzialek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Blood glucose level as an insufficient indicator of feline diabetes mellitus: a case report Abstract: In several European countries (e.g., Poland) blood glucose level is the main indicator of feline diabetes mellitus. We describe a case of an adult domestic cat (Felis catus) that exhibited no symptoms of diabetes except high glucose level in blood (≍200 mg/dl) that indicated a possibility of early stage of this disease. However, further investigations including serum fructosamine level determination, systematic urine monitoring as well as comparative analyses of glucose level in blood samples collected at the veterinary clinic and at home revealed that the cat was suffering from stress-induced hyperglycaemia brought on by the car ride and visit to the veterinary clinic. This case highlights the fact that determining blood glucose level alone is insufficient in feline diabetes mellitus diagnosis and can lead to unnecessary treatment with potential adverse effects on feline health. Keywords: felines, blood glucose, diabetes mellitus, behaviour Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 385-387 Volume: 58 Issue: 7 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6920-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6920-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201307-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:7:id:6920-VETMED