Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.H.L. Bento Author-Workplace-Name: Danisco Animal Nutrition, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom Author-Name: A.C. Ouwehand Author-Workplace-Name: Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland Author-Name: K. Tiihonen Author-Workplace-Name: Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland Author-Name: S. Lahtinen Author-Workplace-Name: Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland Author-Name: P. Nurminen Author-Workplace-Name: Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland Author-Name: M.T. Saarinen Author-Workplace-Name: Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland Author-Name: H. Schulze Author-Workplace-Name: Danisco Animal Nutrition, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom Author-Name: T. Mygind Author-Workplace-Name: Danisco A/S, Brabrand, Denmark Author-Name: J. Fischer Author-Workplace-Name: Danisco A/S, Brabrand, Denmark Title: Essential oils and their use in animal feeds for monogastric animals - Effects on feed quality, gut microbiota, growth performance and food safety: a review Abstract: Essential oils (EOs) are important aromatic components of herbs and spices and their biological activities have been known and utilised since ancient times in perfumery, food preservation, flavouring, and medicine. Some of their biological activities include antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects amongst others. EOs have received attention in recent years as potential 'natural' alternatives for replacing antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in animal diets due to their positive impact on growth performance, gut microbiota and welfare. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of our own published and unpublished data on the antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal activity of thymol and cinnamaldehyde (TC blend), and to describe the effects of this specific EO blend on gut microbiota, growth performance and welfare, carcass characteristics and food safety. The possible modes of action of EOs are discussed and areas for future research are proposed. Keywords: essential oils, thymol, cinnamaldehyde, antibacterial, gut microbiota, growth performance Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 449-458 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7029-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7029-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201309-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:9:id:7029-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E.C. Kessler Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Author-Name: J.J. Gross Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Author-Name: R.M. Bruckmaier Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Title: Differing adaptations of IGF-I and its IGFBPs in dairy cows during a negative energy balance in early lactation and a negative energy balance induced by feed restriction in mid-lactation Abstract: Control of metabolic pathways is a major task of the somatotropic axis and its constituents. Insulin-like growth-factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) bind IGF-I and -II and act as carriers and regulators of their activities in blood, body fluids and tissues. Over two periods of physiological adaptation, this study investigated the binding pattern of IGF-I to IGFBPs in the plasma of 50 multiparous Holstein dairy cows and identified relationships with the hepatic mRNA abundance of IGFBPs and plasma IGF-I during the lactational negative energy balance (NEB) and during a deliberately induced NEB by feed restriction. Period 1 lasted from week 3 antepartum (a.p.) to week 12 postpartum (p.p.) and period 2, the period of feed restriction, started at around 100 DIM and lasted for three weeks with a control (C) and a restricted group (R). Blood samples and liver biopsies were collected in week 3 a.p., and in weeks 1 and 4 p.p. of period 1 and in weeks 0 and 3 of period 2. For column chromatography of IGFBPs, plasma samples of all animals were pooled by group and time points of sampling. Plasma IGF-I dropped from week 3 a.p. to week 1 p.p. and thereafter increased until week 0 (period 2) and did not change up to week 3 of period 2. The binding of IGF-I to plasma IGFBP-1 and -2 increased in period 1 from week 3 a.p. to week 4 p.p., while at the same time it decreased for IGFBP-3. During period 2, the binding of IGF-I to plasma IGFBP-1 and -2 decreased for both groups, but less for R cows. In C cows, the IGF-I binding to IGFBP-3 in plasma increased from week 0 to week 3 of period 2, whereas R cows showed a slight decrease. In period 1, hepatic mRNA abundance of IGFBP-3 followed the plasma IGFBP-3 binding in contrast to the mRNA abundances of IGFBP-1 and -2. The latter increased from week 3 a.p. to week 1 p.p. and decreased afterwards whereas IGF-I binding to IGFBP-1 and -2 increased. In week 3 of period 2, the binding of IGF-I to IGFBP-1 and -2 and their hepatic mRNA abundance were higher in R cows compared to C cows. Hepatic mRNA abundance of IGF-I was consistently positively correlated with plasma IGF-I, especially pronounced during the NEBs in week 1 p.p. (period 1) and in week 3 (period 2) in R cows. While no distinct relation between mRNA abundance of IGFBP-1 and plasma IGF-I was evident, the mRNA abundance of IGFBP-2 was inversely related to plasma IGF-I over all experimental time points independent of treatment. The mRNA abundance of IGFBP-3 was particularly correlated with plasma IGF-I during the 2 experimental stages of a NEB. Obviously IGFBP-3, but not IGFBP-1 and -2, binding in plasma closely followed the respective pattern of hepatic mRNA abundance during the entire experimental period. The fact that changes in the different plasma IGFBPs during altering metabolic stages in different stages of lactation do not always strictly follow their mRNA abundance in liver suggests tissues other than the liver flexibly contributing to the IGFBP pool in plasma as well as a partially post-transcriptional regulation of IGFBP synthesis. Keywords: IGF, IGF-BP, negative energy balance, dairy cow Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 459-467 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7030-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7030-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201309-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:9:id:7030-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.W. Byun Author-Workplace-Name: Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: B.Y. Jung Author-Workplace-Name: Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea Author-Name: H.Y. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea Author-Name: J.M. FairbrotheR Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada Author-Name: M.H. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea Author-Name: W.K. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea Title: O-serogroups, virulence genes of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of O149 isolates from diarrhoeic piglets in Korea Abstract: A total of 116 Escherichia (E.) coli isolates isolated from neonatal diarrhoeic piglets were serogrouped and tested for the presence of virulence genes for fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins, intimin, and enterotoxins. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pulsotypes were also analyzed within O149 enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) isolates. In total, Sixty eight (58.6%) isolates were serotyped. Among them, forty three (63.2%) belonged to 12 serogroups in the descending order: O149, O8, O157, O101, O60, O9, O117, O127, O138, O167, O27 and O97. The predominant pathotype was ETEC (68, 58.6%) which is closely associated with F4 (37, 31.9%) and LT:STb:EAST1 (23, 19.8%) out of the isolates harbouring at least one gene for toxin and/or fimbria. Among non-fimbrial adhesins, porcine attaching and effacing-associated factor (paa) was closely associated with F4-positive isolates (64.7%) rather than F18-positive isolates (5.9%). Adhesion involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA) was only detected in 3 isolates. No eae-positive isolates were detected. The PFGE pattern of 15 O149 isolates was grouped into 12 pulsotypes at 88% similarity level. The results show a wide variety of distinct restriction patterns though all belonged to the same serogroup O149. It is believed that a broad array of O serogroup and virulence genes are associated with neonatal diarrhoea in Korea. Keywords: Escherichia coli, piglet, O-serogroup, pathotype, virulence gene Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 468-476 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7031-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7031-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201309-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:9:id:7031-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Piotrowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: B. Kempisty Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: D. Bukowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, University of Life Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: P. Antosik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, University of Life Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: S. Ciesiolka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: E. Ociepa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: S. Porowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: I. Piescikowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: H. Maryniak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: J.M. Jaskowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, University of Life Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: K. P. Brüssow Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany Author-Name: M. Nowicki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Zabel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland Title: Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKN1, CDKN5) in developmentally competent and incompetent porcine oocytes Abstract: Although several reports have been published regarding the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in developmentally competent mammalian oocytes, still little is known about their expression pattern in developmentally incompetent female gametes. Since Cdks are the main cell cycle division regulators, also described as "checkpoints" in the MI to MII transition, the aim of this study was to investigate the differential mRNA expression of genes encoding Cdkn1 and Cdkn5 in developmentally competent and incompetent porcine oocytes. Porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from crossbred Landrace gilts after slaughter and partly subjected to brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining and in vitro maturation (IVM). Three groups of COCs were analysed: (i) oocytes soon after collection without BCB staining, (ii) oocytes which remained colourless after staining (BCB-) and (iii) COCs which stained blue (BCB+). BCB+ COCs were additionally cultured in standard porcine medium (TCM199) for 44 h. All oocytes were analysed using QT-PCR targeting CDKN1 and CDKN5 mRNA expression. The highest CDKN1 mRNA expression was found in oocytes without BCB staining and IVM (Group I) compared to BCB- and BCB+ oocytes, (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, respectively). An increased CDKN5 mRNA level was observed in BCB+ oocytes (Group III) compared to oocytes of Group I and Group II (P < 0.01), respectively. The mRNA expression of both genes was always higher in BCB+ compared to BCB- oocytes. Based on this study it can be supposed that CDKN1 and CDKN5 are differentially expressed in developmentally distinct porcine oocytes and in a maturation stage-dependent manner. Moreover, CDKN1 may play a role as a molecule which regulates cell cycle arrest and the specific "block of maturation" from MI to MII. Keywords: Cdkn1, Cdkn5, oocyte, developmental competence Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 477-483 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7032-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7032-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201309-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:9:id:7032-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Alves-Pimenta Author-Workplace-Name: Animal and Veterinary Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal Author-Name: B. Colaco Author-Workplace-Name: Animal and Veterinary Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal Author-Name: A.M. Silvestre Author-Workplace-Name: Animal and Veterinary Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal Author-Name: M.M. Ginja Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences. University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal Title: Prevalence and breeding values of elbow dysplasia in the Estrela mountain dog Abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and heritability of elbow dysplasia in the Estrela mountain dog breed, to investigate genetic trends over the last 20 years (1990-2009) and to evaluate the association of individual records with breeding values. The elbows of 351 Estrela mountain dogs were examined using the flexed mediolateral radiographic view and evaluated using the International Elbow Working Group scoring system. Heritability and breeding values were estimated using a linear model. Elbow Dysplasia was found in 16.5% (59/351) of the dogs; males (27%, 34/127) were more affected than females (11%, 24/224) (P < 0.05). The heritability was very low (0.065) and the genetic trend showed a slight positive slope with an improvement in 2004 and 2005. The mean breeding values in elbow dysplasia grades were different but the overlap among grades was very pronounced. The prevalence and heritability of elbow dysplasia in the breed are thus low. Mass selection using individual phenotypes may not be effective. Elbow dysplasia genetic trends are similar to trends for hip dysplasia and passive hip laxity, so the use of selection against hip dysplasia may also result in genetic progress for elbow dysplasia. Keywords: osteoarthritis, heritability, genetic trend, radiology, screening program Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 484-490 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7033-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7033-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201309-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:9:id:7033-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Szabadosova Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: E. Hijova Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Strojny Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: R. Salaj Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Bomba Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Cokasova Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: B. Pramukova Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Zofcakova Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Bertkova Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Supukova Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Soltesova Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Brandeburova Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Chmelarova Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of horse chestnut and inulin as single supplements or in combination on chemically induced colon cancer in rats Abstract: Natural bioactive supplements have been extensively studied as preventive agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of inulin enriched with oligofructose and Hyppocastani extractum siccum as preventive agents of experimentally induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Colon carcinogenesis was induced by N,N dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in a dose of 21mg/kg body weight s.c., five times at weekly intervals. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 45) were divided into a control group without DMH; control group with injected DMH; group receiving inulin and injected DMH; group receiving Hyppocastani extractum siccum and injected DMH; group receiving inulin and Hyppocastani extractum siccum and injected DMH. The beneficial effects of natural compounds were determined by analysis of caecal parameters such as pH, composition of microflora, activity of bacterial glycolytic enzymes and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The counts of coliforms were decreased in the groups receiving inulin enriched with oligofructose (P < 0.01), Hyppocastani extractum siccum (P < 0.001) and the combination of these supplements (P < 0.001). The counts of lactobacilli were significantly increased in all experimental groups receiving natural compounds (P < 0.01; P < 0.001). Experimental groups receiving natural compound alone and in combination resulted in a significant decrease in the activity of β-glucuronidase (P < 0.01; P < 0.001). Administration of inulin and Hyppocastani extractum siccum separately significantly increased the concentration of SCFA compared to the control group with DMH. The achieved results indicate the beneficial effect of prebiotics and plant extracts on metabolic processes in the colon and suggest that they could exert a preventive effect on colon carcinogenesis induced by DMH. Keywords: carcinogenesis, prebiotics, plant extract, prevention Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 491-499 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7034-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7034-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201309-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:9:id:7034-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Tamburro Author-Workplace-Name: UCD - University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland Author-Name: F. Carli Author-Workplace-Name: University of Bologna, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna, Italy Author-Name: F. Cinti Author-Workplace-Name: University of Bologna, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna, Italy Author-Name: A. Puggioni Author-Workplace-Name: UCD - University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland Author-Name: A. Venturini Author-Workplace-Name: University of Bologna, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna, Italy Title: Caudal approach and Mini TightRope system (mTR) application for the treatment of craniodorsal hip luxation in a cat: a case report Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of traumatic craniodorsal hip luxation in a cat, treated with the application of a Mini TightRope (mTR) implant. A caudal approach was carried out in order to expose the hip joint and the sciatic nerve preserving the muscle masses. Clinical follow-up and radiographic recheck were performed at 10 days, one, three, six and 12 months after surgery. Orthopaedic examination was normal 1 month after surgery while the revisit radiographs showed only mild to moderate signs of osteoarthritis (OA) one year later. Keywords: hip, luxation, cat, TightRope, Mini TightRope Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 500-504 Volume: 58 Issue: 9 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7035-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7035-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201309-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:9:id:7035-VETMED