Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Piotrowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: B. Kempisty Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: P. Sosinska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Gerontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: S. Ciesiolka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: D. Bukowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: P. Antosik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Rybska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: K.P. Brussow Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany Author-Name: M. Nowicki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Zabel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: The role of TGF superfamily gene expression in the regulation of folliculogenesis and oogenesis in mammals: a review Abstract: The normal differentiation of follicles from the preantral to the antral stage is regulated by the synthesis and secretion of several important growth factors. Moreover, the proper growth and development of the oocyte and its surrounding somatic granulosa-cumulus cells is accomplished through the activation of paracrine pathways that form a specific cross-talk between the gamete and somatic cells. It has been shown that several growth factors produced by the ovary are responsible for the proper growth and development of follicles. The developmental competence of mammalian oocytes (also termed developmental potency) is defined as the ability of female gametes to reach maturation (the MII stage) and achieve successful monospermic fertilisation. Proper oocyte development during folliculo- and oogenesis also plays a critical role in normal zygote and blastocyst formation, as well as implantation and the birth of healthy offspring. Several molecular markers have been used to determine the developmental potency both of oocytes and follicles. The most important markers include transforming growth factor beta superfamily genes (TGFB), and the genes in this family have been found to play a crucial role in oocyte differentiation during oogenesis and folliculogenesis. In the present review, we summarise several molecular aspects concerning the assessment of mammalian oocyte developmental competence. In addition, we present the molecular mechanisms which activate important growth factors within the TGFB superfamily that have been shown to regulate not only follicle development but also oocyte maturation. Keywords: TGFs, oogenesis, folliculogenesis, regulation of gene expression Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 505-515 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7082-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7082-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201310-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:10:id:7082-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R.V.S. Pawaiya Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, U.P., India Author-Name: V.K. Gupta Author-Workplace-Name: Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, U.P., India Title: A review on Schmallenberg virus infection: a newly emerging disease of cattle, sheep and goats Abstract: Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection is an emerging infectious disease of ruminants first described in Germany in November, 2011. Since then it has spread very rapidly to several European countries. The disease is characterised by fever, reduced milk production and diarrhoea in cattle and abortions, stillbirths and foetal abnormalities in sheep and goats. SBV is an enveloped, negative-sense, segmented, single-stranded RNA virus, classified in the genus Orthobunyavirus of the Bunyaviridae family, and is closely related to Akabane, Ainoa and Shamonda viruses. As of now there is no vaccine available for SBV, which poses a serious threat to naive ruminant population. Owing to its recent discovery, our understanding of Schmallenberg viral disease and its pathology and pathogenesis is limited. This article reviews the data reported so far on this emerging disease with regard to aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis and control and discusses the future scenario and implications of the disease. Keywords: abortion, congenital malformation, emerging infection, pathology, pathogenesis, ruminants, Schmallenberg virus, stillbirths Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 516-526 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7083-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7083-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201310-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:10:id:7083-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Cech Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Dolezel Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Holickova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Indrova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Kochova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Lopatarova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Mala Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Pechova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Zavadilova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Zilka Author-Workplace-Name: MEDIN a.s., Nove Mesto na Morave, Czech Republic Title: A new device for the aspiration of follicular fluid for acid-base balance analysis in cattle Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate a new device for the ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration of follicular fluid for acid-base balance analysis (ABB set) in comparison with the original modified commercial OPU set. In the ABB set, an aspiration syringe was placed in the front part of the new tool's handle, next to the transducer, so as to enable direct collection of the sample into the syringe. To obtain a sufficient amount of testable fluid, reservoirs of urine (rubber balloons) were used for later aspiration under laboratory conditions in Experiment 1. Fifteen triads of samples (each triad with two punctures) were collected. While the first sample of each triad was taken using the ABB set (ABB sample), two samples were taken by one puncture using the original modified commercial OPU set: aerobic phase of sampling (AE sample) with air present in the tubing at the start of sampling and the subsequent anaerobic phase of sampling (AN sample). Values determined in the second sample from the triad (AE) varied from the values in both ABB and AN samples (pH 7.685 vs. 7.704 vs. 7.692, pCO2 11.13 vs. 10.3 vs. 10.85, pO2 6.87 vs. 8.67 vs. 7.02). In Experiment 2, ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspirations were carried out in 13 cows bearing ovarian cysts with diameters of at least 3 cm, using plastic aspiration syringes (Experiment 2P) and in 12 cows using glass aspiration syringes (Experiment 2G). The sequence of samples was the same as in Experiment 1. We found a significantly higher pH in AE in comparison to AN (7.357 vs. 7.348), lower pCO2 (6.85) and higher O2 (14.12) in samples of AE in comparison to samples of ABB and AN (pCO2 7.36, 7.30; O2 9.95, 10.63 respectively) in cystic fluid in Experiment 2P. We found a significantly higher pH (7.4), lower pCO2 (5.98) and a higher pO2 (12.35) in AE samples in comparison to ABB and AN samples of cystic fluid (pH 7.386, 7.385; pCO2 6.39, 6.35 and O2 10.56, 10.65, respectively) from Experiment 2G. We conclude that the acid-base balance assay was affected by air, present in the tubing during aerobic sampling in comparison to anaerobic and ABB set sampling. These pre-analytical changes can be prevented by the use of the ABB set because the results obtained with the ABB set were not different from that of the AN samples. We also confirmed pre-analytical changes in acid-base balance parameters in the cystic fluid after it had been stored in plastic aspiration syringes. Our new ABB set equipped with a glass aspiration syringe is suitable for sampling follicular fluid for both acid-base balance and gas analysis. Keywords: cow, acid-base parameters, ovarian cysts, cystic fluid collection, ovum pick-up Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 527-534 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7084-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7084-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201310-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:10:id:7084-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.C.M. Couto Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Author-Name: A.P. Sudre Author-Workplace-Name: Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Author-Name: M.F. Lima Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Author-Name: T.C.B. Bomfim Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Title: Comparison of techniques for DNA extraction and agarose gel staining of DNA fragments using samples of Cryptosporidium Abstract: Differentiating between the Cryptosporidium species and their subtypes using only microscopy is impossible. Therefore, molecular tools are indispensable for accurate species and subtype diagnosis. However, if these tools are to be used correctly and accurately, the techniques used must be standardised. In the present study, two molecular techniques for diagnosing Cryptosporidium infection in cows were compared to determine the optimal methods. For each technique, we tested two DNA extraction methods, several annealing temperatures for nested PCR reactions targeting the 18S, SSU rRNA (small subunit ribosomal RNA), and the GP60 (60 kDa glycoprotein) genes, and two types of DNA staining reagents, ethidium bromide and GelRedTM. We determined that one of the tested protocols yields a higher purity of extracted DNA. Additionally, optimised temperatures for the nested PCR of the 18S and GP60 genes were established. Finally, we determined that the GelRedTM dye was more sensitive than ethidium bromide, and its low toxicity facilitates handling and disposal and reduces environmental contamination. Keywords: 18S gene, GP60 gene, ethidium bromide, GelRedTM Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 535-542 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7085-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7085-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201310-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:10:id:7085-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pyszko Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Paral Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kyllar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Thickness of the substantia compacta of porcine long bones Abstract: Mechanical load on the bone influences bone tissue and its inner tension, subsequently affecting bone formation and its histological structure. A precise understanding of this load and the development of strategies to influence it would contribute to principles of fracture management and to solving other bone pathologies of both humans and animals. The long bones of the thoracic and pelvic limb of a pig were here used as possible models to test new devices and implant materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the thickness of compact bone of the diaphysis of porcine long bones and to establish ideal insertion points for tensometer probes, where 2.3 mm is the minimal required thickness, and to evaluate the histological structure of the compact porcine bone. A total number of 96 long bones from 12 pigs was investigated. The investigations consisted of morphometric assessment of the diaphysis of the bones by measuring thickness of the compact bone in different segments of the diaphysis and of microscopical evaluation of the compact bone. Macroscopical assessment of the bones revealed that the minimal required thickness of 2.3 mm of compact bone was found only in the middle and distal segment of the humerus, middle segment of the femur, proximally only on cranial aspect. The radius showed suitable thickness on the medial aspect of its proximal segment and on the lateral and caudal aspect of the middle segment. Tibial compact bone is suitable across the whole middle segment and on its lateral and medial aspect of the distal segment. Microscopical structure of the compact bone revealed characteristics of growing/immature bone characterised by both lamellar and osteonic bone. This study confirms the suitability of porcine radius and tibia for tensometer testing. However, one needs to take into account the different thickness of different parts of the bone planning experiments using tensometers. Keywords: porcine bones, compact bone, bone measurement, swine Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 543-552 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7086-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7086-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201310-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:10:id:7086-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Hernandez-Moreno Author-Workplace-Name: University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile Author-Name: I. de la Casa-Resino Author-Workplace-Name: University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain Author-Name: A. Lopez-Beceiro Author-Workplace-Name: University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Author-Name: L.E. Fidalgo Author-Workplace-Name: University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Author-Name: F. Soler Author-Workplace-Name: University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain Author-Name: M. Perez-Lopez Author-Workplace-Name: University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain Title: Secondary poisoning of non-target animals in an Ornithological Zoo in Galicia (NW Spain) with anticoagulant rodenticides: a case report Abstract: The use of anticoagulants has increased in recent times as a method for controlling rodent populations. However, this increased use also provokes accidental and intentional ingestion for both animals and humans, triggering poisoning of non-target organisms. In the present report, a clinical case of secondary-poisoning of birds with anticoagulant rodenticides, which took place after a general rodenticide treatment in an Ornithological Zoological Park, is described. Three birds died as a result and samples were submitted to the Veterinary Hospital in Lugo (Galicia, NW Spain). After necropsy, samples of the birds, together with molluscs and faeces, were submitted to the Toxicology Unit of Caceres (Extremadura, W Spain) in order to detect possible chemicals. Results from HPLC analyses revealed the presence of the rodenticides difenacoum and brodifacoum. The present report shows that the risk of secondary exposure resulting from the scavenging of molluscs is likely to be significant. The potential routes of uptake by invertebrates include the consumption of rodent faeces, rodent carcases, the ingestion of soil-bound residues, and the direct consumption of poison baits. Keywords: anticoagulants, birds, recovery centre, snails, poisoning Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 553-559 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7087-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7087-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201310-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:58:y:2013:i:10:id:7087-VETMED