Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.F. Abou-Shaara Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt Title: The foraging behaviour of honey bees, Apis mellifera: a review Abstract: Foraging behaviour is one of the distinctive behaviours of honey bees, Apis mellifera. This behaviour is the link between the honey bee colony and the ambient environment. Therefore, various in-colony and out-colony factors have an impact on this behaviour, and many studies have been employed to investigate these factors. Foraging behaviour is not advantageous only for the colony and for plant pollination but also has other benefits. In contrast, some disadvantages have also been discovered to be linked with foraging activity. Practically speaking, the control over this behaviour is very important to maximize colony products as well as to increase other agricultural benefits. This paper presents a review on foraging activity including; the regulation of foraging tasks, factors impacting this behaviour, foraging preference, variations between subspecies, monitoring methods as well as the possible methods for controlling this behaviour. As concluded from this review, more work needs to be performed in order to elucidate certain aspects of foraging behaviour. Keywords: colonies, Apis mellifera, flying, workers, ethology Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 1-10 Volume: 59 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7240-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7240-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201401-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:1:id:7240-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Tomenendalova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Vodicka Author-Workplace-Name: The Prague Zoological Garden, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Uhrikova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Doubek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Determination of haematological and biochemical parameters of Przewalski horses (Equus przewalski) kept by the Prague Zoo Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine ranges of haematological and biochemical parameters of Przewalski horses (Equus przewalski) kept in the Czech Republic, to compare the results with data reported for the same species as well as for domestic horses (Equus caballus), and to evaluate differences between both genders and age groups. Stallions showed significantly higher counts of red blood cells and bands, higher levels of total bilirubin and magnesium, and a higher activity of GGT. Higher concentrations of cholesterol, vitamin A and sodium were found in mares. Young animals were characterised by a lower count of eosinophilic granulocytes, a higher activity of ALP and higher concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium and creatinine. Other differences were not significant. Keywords: blood parameters, reference ranges, in captivity Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 11-21 Volume: 59 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7242-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7242-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201401-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:1:id:7242-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.E. Canatan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: I.M. Polat Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: R. Bayramoglu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: S. Kuplulu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: M.R. Vural Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: E. Aktug Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey Title: Effects of Neospora caninum on reproductive performance and the efficacy of treatment with a combination of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim and toltrazuril: a longitudinal field study Abstract: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Neospora caninum, the effect of infection on abortion and fertility parameters and the efficacy and outcomes with combination treatment in a dairy farm with high abortion rates and low fertility parameters. Four hundred and eighty-six cows were tested using the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The seroprevalence of N. caninum was 19%. Sulphadiazine-trimethoprim and toltrazuril were administered to the seropositive animals. The risk of abortion increased 19-fold in animals infected with N. caninum (P < 0.05), and N. caninum-induced abortions occurred more often between the fourth and the sixth months of gestation. N. caninum infection also had an adverse influence on the number of inseminations to conception (P < 0.05) and calving to conception interval (P < 0.05). The treatment protocol improved the fertility parameters. Although, it is not a radical approach, this combination therapy may be recommended as the primary treatment in neosporosis. Keywords: neosporosis, dairy cow, abortion, fertility, treatment Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 22-28 Volume: 59 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7241-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7241-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201401-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:1:id:7241-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Imran Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India Author-Name: S. Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India Title: Transcutaneous ultrasonographic examination of the left kidney in healthy cows Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a new technique for transcutaneous ultrasonographic imaging coupled with transrectal manoeuvering for the examination of the left kidney using 10 clinically healthy Jersey/Red Sindhi crossbred cows. The areas extending caudally from the tuber-coxae, cranially up to the 11th intercostal space, dorsally from the lumbar transverse processes, and ventrally up to the midflank on both sides (left and right) were shaved. The transducer was placed in the right and left paralumbar fossae, the 3rd (between vertebrae L3 and L4) and the 4th (between vertebrae L4 and L5) lumbar spaces, respectively. For transrectal manoeuvring of the left kidney, the arm was inserted in to the rectum beyond the elbow to palpate and push the left kidney gently towards the right abdominal wall. The left kidney was imaged in its entirety from the right paralumbar fossa in all of the cows. However, it could not be imaged with clarity without a gentle transrectal push towards the right abdominal wall at the time of imaging. The left kidney was also imaged via the 3rd (between vertebrae L3 and L4) and the 4th (between vertebrae L4 and L5) lumbar spaces in only eight of 10 cows, but the quality of imaging was poor in comparison to the transflank imaging. Moreover, in four of ten cows, the right and left kidneys were imaged together in one ultrasonographic image. On the basis of our results we consider transcutaneous ultrasonography, simultaneously supported with transrectal manoeuvring, to be suitable for evaluation of the left kidney in cows. The findings reported in this study may be of assistance to veterinary surgeons by providing a basis for use in clinical procedures such as transcutaneous ultrasonography-guided renal biopsies. Keywords: ultrasonography, cow, kidney, rumen Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 29-32 Volume: 59 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7243-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7243-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201401-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:1:id:7243-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.Y. Wani Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India Author-Name: K. Dhama Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India Author-Name: Shyma K. Latheef Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India Author-Name: S.D. Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India Author-Name: R. Tiwari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India Title: Correlation between cytokine profile,antibody titre and viral load during sub-clinical chicken anaemia virus infection Abstract: The present work was carried out to investigate the correlation between viral load and the cytokine profile and virus specific antibody levels at five day intervals up to 25 days post infection (dpi) in various tissues of chicks infected with chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) at six weeks of age (sub-clinical infection) (dpi). For determining the viral load in the various tissues, recombinant plasmid vp2-pet32b was prepared and serially diluted tenfold for the generation of a standard curve using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cytokine fold changes in mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-2, IL-12 in the spleen and IFN-γ, IL-12 in freshly collected whole blood were determined. The results showed that peak viral load occurs between 10-20 days post infection in the lymphoid tissues viz., thymus, spleen, liver, bone marrow, bursa and also blood, being highest in blood followed by thymus. A varied response in the expression levels of individual cytokines was observed during all the intervals post infection. The IFN-γ increased two to five fold in blood and spleen while IL-2 decreased in the splenic tissue during the same period. Peak IFN-γ coincided with peak viral load in the spleen at 10 dpi while in blood it peaked earlier at five days post infection and remained high during the peak viral load at 10-20 dpi. Virus specific antibodies were significantly higher at 15 dpi and were thereafter found to be strongly associated with viral load regression although higher concentrations of virus remained in the blood and thymic tissues until 25 dpi, indicating a role of other immune components in virus clearance. In conclusion, this study reports a negative correlation of viral load and the progression of the antibody response and IFN-γ cytokine expression in chicks infected with CIAV during their sub-clinical infectious stage. However, cytokine expression from the various individual immune cells like monocytes, heterophils, CD4+ T, CD8+ T cells and others during the pathogenesis of this immunosuppressive poultry pathogen remains to be elucidated. Keywords: chicken infectious anaemia virus, cytokine, real time-PCR, viral load, antibody titre, immunosuppression Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 33-43 Volume: 59 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7244-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7244-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201401-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:1:id:7244-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Kutlvasr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Bukovjan Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jiloviste, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Kodet Author-Workplace-Name: 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital, Motol, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Bilateral low grade serous adenocarcinoma of the ovaries in a badger (Meles meles L.) and its association with a borderline serous ovarian tumour: a case report Abstract: Here, we describe a case of a wild female badger (a sow) with disseminated serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary which corresponds to a group of low grade serous carcinomas of the ovary in humans. Beside grossly apparent dissemination of the disease we observed a scale of histological features classifiable as a precursor lesion - borderline serous tumour of the ovary with implant metastases at the peritoneum, and features of the borderline tumour transformation in the carcinoma. The latter features included invasion of some of the metastatic peritoneal implants into the adipose tissue of the mesentery, retroperitoneum, and in the muscle of diaphragm with lymphangioinvasion and with blood-borne metastatic disease in the lungs. The primary tumour and its metastases had a uniform cytological appearance without atypia of the tumour cells. Mitotic activity was exceptional. The proliferation activity as demonstrated by immunohistochemical investigation of Ki-67 protein expression (revealing all active phases of the cell cycle - G1, S, G2, M) showed a low proliferation activity of the tumour cells, comparable with findings in low grade carcinomas or borderline tumours of the ovaries in women. WT1 protein was expressed in the whole tumour cell population. All these features were diagnostic of serous carcinoma of the ovary with low grade malignant potential. Tumours of the ovaries in wildlife have been described previously but they are infrequent and are rarely classified histopathologically. This case report offers a parallel with serous carcinomas in human pathology including features of transformation from a precursor lesion of a borderline serous tumour into a serous low grade carcinoma. Keywords: Meles meles, ovary, borderline serous tumour, low grade serous carcinoma, metastases Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 44-50 Volume: 59 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7245-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7245-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201401-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:1:id:7245-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Gurel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: F. Yildirim Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: G. Sennazli Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: K. Ozer Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: M. Karabagli Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: A. Deviren Author-Workplace-Name: Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: A. Cirakoglu Author-Workplace-Name: Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Title: Hermaphroditism in two dogs - pathological and cytogenetic studies: a case report Abstract: A Pit-bull and a Beagle, both one-year-old, with complaints of an enlarged clitoris were clinically suspected for hermaphroditism. The enlarged clitoris, the uteri and the gonads were removed surgically from each animal and submitted to our department for histopathological evaluation. Tissue samples were fixed with 10% buffered formalin solution and processed routinely, after which paraffin sections were obtained and stained with H&E. A blood sample was taken from the Beagle dog and a peripheral lymphocyte culture was prepared. While the clitoris and uteri were confirmed histopathologically, the gonads were detected as a testis instead of an ovary for both dogs. Additionally, cytogenetic evaluation revealed a normal female chromosome complement, 78, XX for the Beagle dog. According to the gonadal and phenotypic sexes, both cases were first determined as 'male pseudohermaphroditism', a phenotypic sex disorder. However, after karyotyping analysis, we concluded that the 78, XX Beagle dog should be defined as suffering from XX sex reversal syndrome, a gonadal sex disorder. Keywords: dog, hermaphroditism, XX sex reversal, cytogenetic Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 51-54 Volume: 59 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7246-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7246-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201401-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:1:id:7246-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Dokic Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Surgical Centre Dr Lorinson, Vosendorf, Austria Author-Name: W. Pirog Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Surgical Centre Dr Lorinson, Vosendorf, Austria Author-Name: J. Benak Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Histopathology Servis, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Lorinson Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Surgical Centre Dr Lorinson, Vosendorf, Austria Title: Splenic malignant mesenchymoma in a dog - immunophenotypic features and clinicopathological ramifications: a case report Abstract: A 13-year-old spayed bitch was referred for evaluation of an abdominal distension with a palpable, continuously growing mass. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a 30 × 20 cm mass directly connected to the spleen. Surgical exploration confirmed the sonographic diagnosis with adhesions to the omentum and the liver. Pathohistological samples revealed well differentiated adipose tissue and variably differentiated collagenous and myxomatous tissue. Immunohistochemically, vimentin and in some regions alpha smooth muscle actin were expressed indicating smooth muscle differentiation. The results support the diagnosis of a malignant mesenchymoma composed of liposarcoma, mixosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. No local recurrence or metastasis occurred during a nine month follow-up. So far, only two pathological retrospective studies describing the common prevalence and properties of canine splenic malignant mesenchymomas were found in the literature. However, this rare tumor entity has to be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of large splenic masses. Keywords: mixed sarcoma, mitotic index, immunohistochemistry, surgery, survival rate Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 55-61 Volume: 59 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7247-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7247-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201401-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:1:id:7247-VETMED