Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: G.Q. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Bayer (Sichuan) Animal Health Co., Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: S.S. Tang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: X.L. Xiao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: J.C. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel amoxicillin/sulbactam/prednisolone intramammary infusion in lactating cows after repeated administrations Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a novel anti-mastitis preparation, amoxicillin/sulbactam/prednisolone intramammary infusion (CAIMM), containing 200 mg amoxicillin, 50 mg sulbactam and 10 mg prednisolone per 3 g formulation, in healthy lactating cows after repeated administrations. A parallel study was performed using the available combination product (Synulox® LC) from Pfizer, with the aim of comparing the two formulations. The concentrations of drugs in quarter milk were determined using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method. No significant difference in the major PK parameters (Cmax, Tmax, MRT, t1/2λ, and AUClast) was observed. The MIC90 determined in 106 isolated Staphylococcus spp., 64 Streptococcus spp. and 18 Escherichia coli strains was 0.5, 0.25 and 2 μg/ml, respectively. The PK/PD evaluation showed that the effective duration of action (t > MIC90) for CAIMM (42 ± 2.46 h) was increased by 0.86 times compared with Synulox® LC (34 ± 3.17 h), but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). This pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study revealed that CAIMM maintained high concentrations in quarter milk for the three ingredients after repeated intramammary administrations and a similar efficacy was achieved with Synulox® LC. Keywords: amoxicillin/sulbactam/prednisolone intramammary infusion, intramammary administration, lactating cows, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 221-229 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7515-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7515-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201405-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7515-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Haligur Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, University of Cukurova, Saricam, Adana, Turkey Author-Name: S. Hasircioglu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Istiklal Yerleskesi, Burdur, Turkey Author-Name: O. Ozmen Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, University of Cukurova, Saricam, Adana, Turkey Author-Name: M. Kale Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Istiklal Yerleskesi, Burdur, Turkey Author-Name: A. Aydogan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, University of Cukurova, Saricam, Adana, Turkey Title: Immunohistochemical evaluation of akabane virus infection in aborted and new-born calves Abstract: The present study was aimed at the detection and describing the lesions of akabane virus in foetal and new-born calves tissues using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques. Akabane virus lesions were evaluated in 12 foetuses and three new-born calves using serological and pathological methods and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Macroscopically, prominent arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly (A-H syndrome) were the main symptoms. At the histopathological examination, lesions were especially localised in the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata in the central nervous system (CNS) in calves naturally infected with akabane virus. In these areas, degenerative and necrotic neurons were observed. There was prominent mononuclear infiltration in perivascular areas. While akabane virus antigen was only detected in brain using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry against akabane virus yielded positive antigenic reactions in the cerebrum, cerebellum, liver, spleen and kidneys. In addition to these findings, there was a relationship between akabane virus infection and neurofilament (NF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) immunoreaction in astrocytes and neurons. Keywords: akabane virus, foetus, calves, immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, pathology, virology Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 230-238 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7516-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7516-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201405-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7516-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. El-Ashker Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Author-Name: M. Salama Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Author-Name: A. Rizk Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Author-Name: M. El-Boshy Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Title: The use of inflammatory markers as a prognostic aid for traumatic reticuloperitonitis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic significance of selected inflammatory markers for prediction of clinical outcomes of traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Acute local TRP was initially diagnosed in 32 buffalo by clinical examination and confirmed by ultrasonography (USG), laparo-rumenotomy and/or necropsy findings in non-surviving cases. Ten clinically healthy buffalo were randomly selected and served as controls. Blood was drawn from all examined buffalo to measure the respective levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 interferon gamma (INF)-γ, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), fibrinogen (Fb), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum sialic acid (SSA). Clinically, the heart rates, but neither respiratory rate nor rectal temperature, were significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (P < 0.05). In addition, the non-surviving buffalo were more likely to have anorexia and weakness compared with survivors. However, rumen stasis, recurrent ruminal tympany, lacrimation, lordosis, bruxism, and decreased milk production were commonly observed in all diseased animals. Biochemically, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, SAA, Hp, Fb, CRP, and SSA levels were significantly higher in diseased buffalo compared with controls, and were higher in non-survivors than survivors (P < 0.05). The data herein indicate an ongoing cascade of systemic inflammatory responses in buffalo with TRP with concomitant compensatory anti-inflammatory reactions and the overall degree of cytokine network disruption may be an important prognostic indicator. Medical strategies to modulate inflammation must take into account the complex of cytokine biology in buffalo with TRP. Keywords: cytokine profile, prognosis, traumatic reticulo-peritonitis, water buffalo Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 239-246 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7517-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7517-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201405-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7517-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Mohana Devi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea Author-Name: U.S. Devi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea Author-Name: I.H. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea Title: Evaluation of dietary sources of protein on growth performance in pigs Abstract: A 6-week trial was conducted to investigate the effects of animal skin protein sources from swine and cattle on growth performance, body condition and blood characteristics in growing pigs. A total of 96 pigs (23.50 ± 0.61 kg) were randomly allotted into four dietary treatment groups as follows: (1) basal diet (BD); (2) basal diet with 1.5% hydrolysed render meal (HRM); (3) basal diet with 1.5% swine skin meal (SSM); (4) basal diet with 1.5% cattle hide meal (CHM). There were six replicate pens per treatment with four pigs per pen. The average daily gain (ADG) was improved in response to SSM treatment compared with other treatments (P < 0.05). Pigs fed with HRM, SSM and CHM diets showed increases in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and decreased gain-to-feed (G : F) ratios compared with pigs fed with BD (P < 0.05). There were no differences in dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and energy (E) digestibility among treatments. The backfat thickness and lean percentage of pigs was unaffected by the treatments. Similarly, there was no difference in blood characteristics among treatments. In conclusion, the supplementation of SSM in growing pig diets improved the growth rate and Feed Intake (FI), but its usage in swine diets is limited by the poor protein quality. Keywords: animal-derived protein, cattle hide meal, enzyme, swine skin meal, growing pigs Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 247-253 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7518-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7518-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201405-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7518-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Dogan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: Z. Okumus Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Title: Cuttlebone used as a bone xenograft in bone healing Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the potential of cuttlebone xenograft in the healing of bone using radiography and histology for a period of 24 weeks. One hundred and five New Zealand male rabbits with radius defects in the metaphyseal region were divided into five groups treated with cuttlebone, demineralized bone matrix, bovine cancellous graft, and tricalcium phosphate. The control was no treatment. Clinical, radiological, biochemical and histological evaluations were made 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery. Physiological measurements (body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate) were not affected by the treatments. The radiological score was greatest in the demineralised bone matrix and tricalcium phosphate groups (score of 8), followed by the bovine cancellous graft (score of 6), cuttlebone (score of 6), and control groups (score of 5). The histological score was greatest in the tricalcium phosphate group (score of 55), followed by the cuttlebone (score of 50), bovine cancellous graft (score of 48), demineralized bone matrix (score of 44) and control groups (score of 42). Oxidative enzyme activities were not different across the treatments. The lack of reinfection and infection responses and faster bone union highlight the potential of cuttlebone xenograft in orthopaedic surgery. Keywords: cuttlefish backbone, bone xenograft, bone healing, radius, rabbit Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 254-260 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7519-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7519-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201405-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7519-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Mobini Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran Title: Histological study of the gall bladder of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix) Abstract: The objective of this investigation was to study the histological structure of the gall bladder in the common quail (Coturnix coturnix). Samples were obtained from six male and six female healthy adult common quail. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Histological results showed that the overall histology of the gall bladder of the common quail is similar to that in the chukar partridge except for the goblet cells. No significant sex-based differences were found. The gall bladder was composed of tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa or tunica adventitia. The tunica mucosa was mainly lined with simple columnar epithelium which was covered by a continuous striated border of microvilli. Goblet cells were observed among the epithelial cells. The tunica mucosa formed some folds which appeared to be regularly distributed over the whole gall bladder luminal surface and were mostly isometric. Deep invaginations of the surface epithelium were observed to have grown down into the underlying mesenchyme, showing a tubular gland-like appearance. The muscularis mucosa was absent. The thin lamina propria-submucosa contained loose connective tissue which consisted of numerous diffuse lymphatic tissues, but no glands were observed. The tunica muscularis consisted of a thin circular layer of smooth muscle fibres. The loose connective tissue of the tunica serosa or adventitia was made up of adipose tissues and blood vessels. It is concluded that the histological structures of the gall bladder of the common quail are similar to those of the chukar partridge except for the presence of goblet cells among the epithelial cells of the tunica mucosa. Keywords: histology, gall bladder, sex, quail (Coturnix coturnix) Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 261-264 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7520-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7520-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201405-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7520-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Ozenc Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Author-Name: M.F. Bozkurt Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Title: Atypical fibroepithelial hyperplasia of the teats in a Sphynx cat: a case report Abstract: This study was conducted on a three-year-old Sphynx breed female cat which was brought to the clinic for masses on the teats. The medical history showed that these masses had developed slowly within the period of six months to one year. Following the clinical examination, these masses were removed via surgery. They were between 0.6 cm and 1.5 cm in diameter. Ulcer areas 2 mm to 5 mm in size were observed over the skin. Their sectional surface was uniformly grayish in colour. Histopathological examination of the masses revealed that the cells originated from the glandular duct and had given rise to hyperplasia; connective tissue was densely attached to the masses. Moreover, inflammatory changes and areas of ulceration were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the cells surrounding the epithelial hyperplasia were vimentin-positive and the proliferative activity of epithelial cells was measured to be 50% by analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Based on clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings, it was found the masses were diagnosed as atypical fibroepithelial hyperplasia. This case is the first to present a fibroepithelial hyperplasia in the teats of a cat. Keywords: Sphynx cat, fibroepithelial hyperplasia, teats Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 265-269 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7521-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7521-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201405-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7521-VETMED