Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y.J. Mousa Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq Title: Anaesthetic properties of ketamine in chicks stressed with hydrogen peroxide Abstract: The goal of this study was to examine the effect of oxidative stress (OS) induced with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the anaesthetic properties of ketamine in seven and 14 day-old broiler chicks. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that H2O2 (0.5%) induced OS through significant inhibition of glutathione (GSH) and elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the brain of chicks in comparison to control (tap water) group. The hypnotic and analgesic median effective doses (ED50s) decreased by 44% and 19%, respectively, in the stressed group compared to control group of chicks. On the other hand, the acute toxicity of ketamine increased through decreasing the acute median lethal dose (LD50) (22%) in stressed chicks as determined by the up-and-down method. Injection of multiple ketamine doses at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, i.m. produced hypnotic effects for both groups of chicks depending on the dose, whereas H2O2 caused an increase in ketamine hypnotic efficacy in comparison to the control group. In the same manner, the antinociceptive effect of ketamine increased in the stressed chicks that underwent electrostimulation for pain induction. Both AST and ALT concentrations in the plasma were significantly elevated in the stressed group when compared to the control group. The results of this study suggest that H2O2-induced OS modifies the anaesthetic properties of ketamine in chicks by increasing its efficacy and acute toxicity probably through its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions; thus, care must be taken when stressed animals are undergoing anaesthesia with ketamine. Keywords: ketamine, anaesthesia, hypnosis, oxidative stress, H2O2 Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 369-375 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7656-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7656-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201408-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:8:id:7656-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Zerhau Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic of Paediatric Surgery, Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital and Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Mackerle Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic of Paediatric Surgery, Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital and Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Husar Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic of Paediatric Surgery, Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital and Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Brichtova Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic of Paediatric Surgery, Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital and Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Sochurkova Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of St. Anna and Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Göpfert Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Faldyna Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Czech Republic Title: Limitations in using rabbit bladders in electrophysiological and urodynamic experiments Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of using rabbit bladder as a model for experimental detrusor electrostimulation research. In a study of urinary bladder activity induced through electrostimulation of the ventral roots, the functional and morphological parameters of the rabbit detrusor were investigated. Under general anaesthesia, open electrostimulation of ventral spinal roots leading towards the detrusor (usually S2, S3) was performed in 20 rabbits. Detrusor response was recorded by repeated electromyography and cystometry in two groups: animals with naturally concentrated urine content (Group A, eight rabbits) and animals after flushing and filling the bladder with saline (Group B, 12 rabbits). Histological examination of bladder wall was performed in both groups. The measured values were compared to one another as well as with data from the veterinary and human literature. The histological specimens were compared with histological specimens of human bladder. The reaction of detrusor fibres was detectable by electromyography in all cases. Elevation of intravesical pressure as a consequence of detrusor contraction was more difficult to detect, as this depends more on the density of the intravesical content. The pressure rise in Group B had a higher amplitude - up to 15 cm H2O versus 5 cm H2O in the first group (P = 0.00046). Histological examination of bladder wall from the two groups of rabbits showed no differences. In comparison with the bladder wall in humans, the only differences found were significantly thinner detrusor layers relative to the overall thickness of bladder wall. It is possible to use rabbit bladder for research into experimentally electrostimulation-induced activity of the detrusor or for experimental detrusor reinnervation research. It is necessary, however, to take into account certain limits - the lower contractility of the bladder wall and the need for qualitative control of bladder content. The present results also suggest that the physiological micturition of rabbits is probably more dependent on abdominal pressure than in humans. Keywords: electrostimulation, rabbit detrusor, intravesical pressure, micturition, abdominal pressure Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 376-381 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7657-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7657-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201408-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:8:id:7657-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Yoldas Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Adana, Turkey Author-Name: A. Aydin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey Author-Name: R. Ilgun Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey Title: Macroscopic distribution of the renal artery and intrarenal arteries in mole rats (Spalax leucodon) Abstract: A study was conducted of the kidneys of adult mole rats (Spalax leucodon) to describe the macro- and mesoscopic morphology of the renal arterial distribution and some additional anatomical features. The kidneys of the mole rat lay alongside the vertebral column in the abdominal region, the right kidney situated more cranial than the left. Covered by a thin connective tissue capsule, the kidney was bean-shaped, smooth, and reddish-brown. The mean live weight of the studied mole rats was 203.6 ± 15.05 g. The mean kidney weight was 0.636 ± 0.048 g. The mean weight of the right kidney (0.641± 0.039 g) was significantly (P < 0.01) heavier than that of the left one (0.630 ± 0.057g). Sixteen three-dimensional endocasts of the renal artery and intrarenal arteries were prepared using standard injection-corrosion techniques and examined. A single renal artery was observed in 100% of the specimens. The renal arteries divided, forming a dorsal and a ventral branch; these bifurcated forming cranial and caudal segmental branches. No anastomoses were observed between any of these branches. Keywords: anatomy, kidney, endocast, renal arteries, mole rat (Spalax leucodon) Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 382-387 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7658-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7658-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201408-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:8:id:7658-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Siroka Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Bily Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Veterinary Administration of the State Veterinary Administration for Region Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Polacek Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Veterinary Administration of the State Veterinary Administration for Region Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Dvorak Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Veterinary Administration of the State Veterinary Administration for Region Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Massive death of wild boars caused by ethylene glycol: a case report Abstract: During April 2012, 34 dead wild boars (Sus scrofa) were found in the Tachov region (Czech Republic) directly in the River Mze or in its close vicinity. After infectious diseases were excluded, poisoning was suspected as the cause of death. The finding of cadavers directly in or close to a river was indicative of poisoning by a substance which causes thirst. Laboratory analysis excluded dietary salt poisoning. Later, the presence of ethylene glycol was proven in the stomach contents of the wild boars using HPLC. The diagnosis was confirmed by the typical autopsy findings on the kidneys. The kidneys were firm and of a pale brown colour with scattered petechiae on the surface and haemorrhagic stripes on the cut. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of oxalate crystals in the tubules and interstitial tissue of the kidneys. Keywords: poisoning, thirst, sodium chloride, nephrotoxicity, oxalate crystals, kidneys, Sus scrofa Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 388-395 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7659-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7659-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201408-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:8:id:7659-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Yoon Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea Author-Name: M. Roh Author-Workplace-Name: Duckso Animal Hospital, Wabu, Namyangju, Kyunggido, South Korea Author-Name: S. Jeong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea Title: Surgical correction of a splenophrenic shunt in a dog: a case report Abstract: A 4.3 kg, nine-year-old, spayed female Shih Tzu was presented for a two-month history of seizures, ataxia, and hyper-salivation. A diagnosis of a splenophrenic shunt was made by use of computed tomography angiography with volume-rendered imaging. A cellophane band was placed around the shunt after its isolation from the central tendon of the diaphragm. Clinical signs continued to wax and wane. Preprandial and postprandial bile acids levels were still elevated 10 months after surgery. An ameroid ring constrictor was placed around the shunt vessel before the vessel entered the diaphragm from its caudal aspect. At three months after the second surgery, the dog was near the normal ranges of preprandial and postprandial bile acids. Although a study of the anatomy of different types of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts has been reported in dogs, to the authors' knowledge, there is a lack of information on clinical presentation, treatment, and postoperative results in a specific type of extrahepatic portosystemic shunt, such as a splenophrenic shunt. Cellophane banding should be avoided for occlusion of a splenophrenic shunt passing along the central tendon of the diaphragm. Keywords: ameroid ring constrictor, cellophane band, splenophrenic shunt, dog Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 396-402 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7660-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7660-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201408-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:8:id:7660-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Danyer Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Workplace-Name: Kocaeli Food Control Laboratory, Kocaeli, Turkey Author-Workplace-Name: Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: A.M. Tonay Author-Workplace-Name: Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Istanbul, Turkey Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Fisheries, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: I. Aytemiz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Workplace-Name: Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Istanbul, Turkey Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: A. Dede Author-Workplace-Name: Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), Istanbul, Turkey Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Fisheries, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: F. Yildirim Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: A. Gurel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Title: First report of infestation by a parasitic copepod (Pennella balaenopterae) in a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from the Aegean Sea: a case report Abstract: An adult, female harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena relicta) was found stranded on the southern Aegean Sea coast of Turkey. Thirteen holes made by copepods were observed on the lateral sides of the porpoise. The copepods were identified as Pennella balaenopterae, based on the morphological characteristics and measurement. Tissue samples were collected from embedded parts of parasites, histopathologically examined and panniculitis findings were observed. Although this parasite copepod had been reported on several marine mammals, this is the first report in the harbour porpoise, and in the Aegean Sea. Keywords: copepod, Pennella balaenopterae, harbour porpoise, ectoparasite, southern Aegean Sea Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 403-407 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7661-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7661-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201408-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:8:id:7661-VETMED