Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: VOLUME 59, CONTENTS; AUTHOR INDEX; AUTHOR INSTITUTION INDEX; LIST OF REVIEWERS Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: I-XVI Volume: 59 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7826-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7826-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:12:id:7826-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Hruska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Crohn's disease and related inflammatory diseases: from many single hypotheses to one "superhypothesis" Abstract: The aetiology of Crohn's disease and paratuberculosis are the subjects of intensive study and also frequently, of dispute. However, a number of other nosological entities have a similar history, namely type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, asthma, psoriasis, spondylarthritis, Blau syndrom etc. The zoonotic risk of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) has been discussed for more than one hundred years. "The problem remains open, further research is needed", is the sentence which seems to be obligatory in the conclusions of many scientific articles. A number of hypotheses have been suggested, all with a grain of truth in them. The infection hypothesis has many supporters and opponents, but it does not fit to all Crohn's disease cases. The contribution of the genetic factor has been admitted a long time ago and has been experimentally confirmed by recent excellent studies. An environmental factor is expected and has been often mentioned, but has yet to be discovered. Muramyl dipeptide, derived from peptidoglycans of the bacterial cell wall is one of the triggers, mentioned in connection with chronic inflammatory diseases. The immunomodulatory ability of this compound has been recognised for decades and is exploited in Freund's adjuvant. A critical amount of muramyl dipeptide can affect immunity during some bacterial infections but the long latent period between infection and onset of the clinical form of the disease could explain why a causative relationship between the primary infection and chronic inflammation is not considered. Different species of mycobacteria can be found in the environment, in water, dust, soil and aerosol. Although severe infections with mycobacteria have been described, these species are not thought to be typical zoonotic pathogens. Muramyl dipeptide derived from mycobacteria obviously plays a starring role as a bacterial trigger in the aetiology of many autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Paratuberculosis in cattle and other ruminants is a source of enormous contamination of the environment but also of milk and meat by MAP. Muramyl dipeptide from mycobacteria, namely MAP, and Crohn's disease as a representative of diseases often called civilization threats, are important pieces of the gigantic puzzle. Mycobacteria in the environment and foodstuffs have to be acknowledged as a public health risk, which can never be completely eliminated. There is no reason to push the panic button, but we must learn how to live together with this microorganism, how the pool of immunomodulator sources can be diminished, and how the pathogenic relationship between triggers and target tissues can be disrupted. The dissemination of knowledge, the availability of rapid and inexpensive tools for identification of mycobacteria in different matrices, and the establishment of a maximal allowed limit for mycobacteria in milk and meat should contribute to food safety and consumer protection. Keywords: aerosolisation, asthma, autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, bacterial triggers, biofilms, Blau syndrome, breast feeding, cattle, cervical lymphadenopathy, communal water, cow, dairy products, diabetes, dung, dust, environmental mycobacteria, fish-tank, food-borne pathogens, granulomatous lung disease, heat shock proteins, hot tub lung, immunomodulator, infant formula, inflammatory diseases, Johne's disease, lifeguard lung, machine operator's lung, manure, meat, milk, multiple sclerosis, muramyl dipeptide, mycobacterioses, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, paratuberculosis, peptidoglycans, pneumonitis, potentially pathogenic mycobacteria, proinflammatory cytokines, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, sheep, slurry, swimming pool, tumour necrosis factor, water, water chlorination Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 583-630 Volume: 59 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7822-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7822-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201412-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:12:id:7822-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Ulgen Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: C.P. Yaramis Author-Workplace-Name: Vocational School of Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: E. Rayaman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: U. Soyogul Gurer Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: M.E. Or Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: A.O. Sehirli Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey Title: Effects of inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and myeloperoxidase activity in horses Abstract: Immunomodulatory products have been used for years in veterinary medicine. Inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) is currently used in equine medicine as an immunomodulator to improve the immune system and as a prophylactic treatment to prevent or treat infectious diseases. This study was designed to determine the effects of iPPVO on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function (phagocytosis and intracellular killing activity) and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of PMNLs in horses. Twenty-four healthy English thoroughbred horses with an average age of 11 years were included in the study. Venous blood samples (10 ml) were taken before (agent-free controls) and after the administration of iPPVO (2 ml i.m. injection on Days 1, 3, and 5). PMNLs (1 × 107 cells/ml) were isolated from venous blood containing EDTA (0.1 g/ml) with Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. Cellular phagocytosis and intracellular killing activities were assayed using a modification of Alexander's method before and after treatment with iPPVO. MPO activity was also measured. The administration of iPPVO significantly increased the phagocytic, intracellular killing, and MPO activities of equine PMNLs (P = 0.0058, P = 0.0050, and P = 0.0070, respectively). This study demonstrates a strong correlation between MPO activity and PMNL function. The administration of iPPVO to horses has a supportive effect on their cellular immunity and an immunomodulatory effect against equine viral infections. Keywords: equine, inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis, phagocytosis, intracellular killing activity, myeloperoxidase Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 631-636 Volume: 59 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7823-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7823-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201412-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:12:id:7823-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B.Y. Jung Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S.H. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: D. Kwak Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea Title: Evidence of Neospora caninum exposure among native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae) Abstract: Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion in ruminants, including goats. The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum in native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae). A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to analyse 464 serum samples for the presence of N. caninum antibodies. Four samples (0.9%, 95% confidence intervals - CI: 0.0-1.7) were found to be positive for N. caninum antibodies. The seroprevalence was analysed according to age (less than to one year, young; more than or equal one year, adult; and unknown), sampling season (April to September, warm; October to March, cold), and region (northern, central, and southern). However, there were no statistically significant differences in seroprevalence according to age, season, and region (P > 0.05). This is the first report on the seroprevalence of N. caninum in native Korean goats. The results of this study indicate a nationwide distribution of N. caninum among goats, with a relatively low prevalence. Therefore, the implementation of integrated control strategies as well as measures for prevention and control of N. caninum infection among goats is recommended. Keywords: neosporosis, seroprevalence, native Korean goats, ELISA, Capra hircus coreanae Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 637-640 Volume: 59 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7824-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7824-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201412-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:12:id:7824-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.Y. Heo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: N.S. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Title: Comparison of the bone response to xenogenic bone screws and metallic screws in canine femur Abstract: The study compared the bone response to xenogenic screws and metallic screws of a similar design in a canine femur. The xenogenic bone screws and metallic bone screws were inserted into the femur diaphyses of dogs. Radiological and histological responses to the xenogenic bone screws were determined in canine bone and micro-computed tomography evaluation of bone mass and bone density parameter was performed 36 weeks after fixation of the xenogenic and metallic bone screws. There was no osteolysis and foreign body reaction associated with either bone screw. The radiological and histological results showed that the xenogenic bone screws formed a bony rim around the screws and facilitated incorporation of host bone. By micro-computed tomography, the bone volume was observed to be significantly (P < 0.01) increased at the screw-bone interface surface of xenogenic screws, compared to metallic screws. The bone mineral density of the metallic screw-bone interface was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of the xenogenic bone screw. The advantages of the clinical application of the xenogenic bone screw are the possibility of its resorption and incorporation. Therefore, additional surgery to remove the screw is not required. Keywords: xenogenic bone screw, metallic bone screw, micro-CT, canine femur Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 641-648 Volume: 59 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7825-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7825-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201412-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:59:y:2014:i:12:id:7825-VETMED