Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Cantekin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey Author-Name: H. Solmaz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey Author-Name: Y. Ergun Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey Author-Name: M. Ozmen Author-Workplace-Name: Adana Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Adana, Turkey Title: Development of Polymerase Chain Reaction assays with host-specific internal controls for Chlamydophila abortus Abstract: Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus) is one of the most important infectious agents causing abortion in ruminants. The bacterium is obligately intracellular, cannot grow on agar, but it needs cell culture or embryonated eggs for growth. Therefore, culture-independent detection methods such as the polymerase chain reaction are increasingly important and needed. The aim of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction assay with an internal control for detection of C. abortus in clinical samples. Using newly-designed two primer sets specific for C. abortus, the polymerase chain reaction assay was first tested with positive and negative control DNA and its sensitivity and specificity were determined. A new polymerase chain reaction protocol was developed by combining the new primer pair sets with bovine (12SM-FW and 12SBT-REV2) and ruminant host-specific primer sets (12S-FW and 12S-REV). In conclusion, the developed polymerase chain reaction assays can potentially be used for direct detection of Chlamydophila abortus in bovine and ruminant samples. Keywords: Chlamydophila abortus, internal control, PCR Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 1-5 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/7919-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7919-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201501-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:1:id:7919-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Cengiz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: O. Kaynar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: O. Cannazik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: M. Ileriturk Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: S. Cengiz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: A. Hayirli Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Title: Sampling factors causing variability in milk constituents in early lactation cows Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate effects of breed, parity, sampling day, and sampling time on somatic cell count (SCC) and milk lipid and protein profiles in intra-mammary infection-free early lactating dairy cows (Holstein, n = 5 and Swiss Brown, n = 6; 34 ± 6 DIM). SCC was assessed by flow cytometry. Milk lipid (free fatty acid, triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, cholesterol, phospholipid) and protein IgG and A, albumin, caseins (α, β, κ), α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin were determined using HPTLC and SDS-PAGE methods. Data were analysed by 4-way ANOVA and subjected to hierarchical backward elimination of insignificant interaction terms. SCC varied by parity and sampling time. Apart from sampling time, other fixed factors altered milk lipids. There was only a breed × parity interaction effect on milk lipid profiles. All proposed factors affected milk proteins. Among proteins only the IgG fraction exhibited diurnal variation. There were significant breed × parity, breed × sampling day, and parity × sampling day interactions for milk proteins. In conclusion, factors relating to the cows themselves (breed and parity), sampling day, and sampling time cause variation in parameters that are pertinent to mammary gland health and milk quality. Keywords: milk composition, somatic cell count, breed, parity, sampling day, sampling hour Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 6-15 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/7920-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7920-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201501-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:1:id:7920-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Rehulka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Silesian Museum, Opava, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Petras Author-Workplace-Name: National Reference Laboratory for E. coli and Shigella, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Marejkova Author-Workplace-Name: National Reference Laboratory for E. coli and Shigella, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Aldova Author-Workplace-Name: National Reference Laboratory for E. coli and Shigella, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 infection in fish in the Czech Republic Abstract: Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 was isolated from the fry of the Cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi and in adult Raphael catfish, Platydoras costatus kept in aquarium conditions. Further, an outbreak of vibriosis occurred in the wild populations of common nase, Chondrostoma nasus; chub, Squalius cephalus; gudgeon, Gobio gobio; stone loach, Barbatula barbatula; barbel, Barbus barbus; European grayling, Thymallus thymallus; schneider, Alburnoides bipunctatus; and brown trout, Salmo trutta morpha trutta. Mortality was not observed in the Eurasian minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus. During 14 days the acute rather than the sub-acute-to-chronic process of the disease prevailed with severe gross lesions in common nase and chub (diffused and focal haemorrhages, erythema and hyperaemia located especially in the abdominal region, within the mouth and at the base of fins). Only in the infection of the common nase was the whole eye affected, causing rupture of the globe and destruction of ocular structures. Gross pathological lesions in experimentally infected fish manifested themselves as gasping, erratic swimming, congested capillaries on the wall of the air bladder and fluid and blood accumulation in the abdominal cavity. Injection of 2 × 104 bacteria (common carp, rainbow trout) and injection of 2 × 108 bacteria (common nase) via i.p. route resulted in mortalities within 120 hrs and 16 h, respectively. Factors underlying the rise of infection are discussed, including an extraordinary increase in water temperature (20 °C to 23 °C), fluctuating oxygen content and low water level which contributed to increasing the concentration of the faecal contamination of water: these factors could stimulate the virulence of the vibrios, which survive in aquatic flora and fauna and in the biofilm on the surface of sediments. Keywords: ornamental fish, freshwater fish, common nase, chub, pathogenicity, experimental infection Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 16-22 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/7921-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7921-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201501-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:1:id:7921-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Chromcova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Blahova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Zivna Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Plhalova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Casuscelli Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: di Tocco Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Author-Name: L. Divisova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Prokes Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: C. Faggio Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Author-Name: F. Tichy Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Title: NeemAzal T/S - toxicity to early-life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Abstract: In the European Union, the use of the insecticide NeemAzal T/S (standardised variant 1% of the active ingredient azadirachtin) is authorised in organic agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine the toxic effects of NeemAzal T/S at concentrations of 3, 10, 30, and 60 mg/lon the morphometric and condition characteristics, mortality, hatching, and histopathology of early-life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) as a non-target aquatic organism, as well as related effects of NeemAzal T/S on selected indices of oxidative stress in the same organism. The embryo-larval toxicity test was performed according to OECD Guidelines 210 (Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test). NeemAzal T/S exposure induced slow hatching on the first day and increased cumulative mortality in groups exposed to the insecticide. No effect on morphometric or condition characteristics was observed after 31 days of exposure. Histopathological changes of the gills were found at the highest concentration of 60 mg/lof NeemAzal T/S. Exposure at 30 mg/lwas associated with significantly (P < 0.01) increased glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase (P < 0.05) activities compared to the control group. The content of oxidised lipids was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the 3, 10, and 30 mg/l experimental groups than in the controls. NeemAzal T/S exerted a significant negative influence on histopathological parameters in the embryo and larvae of common carp, as well as on the indices of oxidative stress in the same organism. Keywords: Neemazal T/S, embryo-larval toxicity test, azadirachtin, oxidative stress, histopathology, insecticide Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 23-30 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/7922-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7922-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201501-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:1:id:7922-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Wei Author-Workplace-Name: The Key Bio-Engineering and Technology Laboratory of National Nationality Commission, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China Author-Workplace-Name: Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China Author-Name: Z. Gong Author-Workplace-Name: Medicine College, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China Author-Name: L. An Author-Workplace-Name: Medicine College, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China Author-Name: T. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China Author-Name: Y. Luo Author-Workplace-Name: Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China Author-Name: H. Dai Author-Workplace-Name: Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China Title: Cloprostenol and eCG influence oestrus synchronisation and uterine development in mice Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and cloprostenol (CLO) administration on oestrus synchronisation, uterine development as well as serum LH and FSH concentrations in mice. One hundred and five KM mice were assigned into eCG-1, eCG-2, eCG-3, CLO-1, CLO-2, CLO-3 and control groups (CG, n = 15). The eCG-1, eCG-2 and eCG-3 groups were intramuscularly injected with 10, 20 and 40 IU eCG. CLO-1, CLO-2 and CLO-3 were intramuscularly injected with 10, 15 and 20 μg cloprostenol acetate. The results showed that 93.33% and 66.67% of synchronised mice displayed oestrus within 18.68-37.59 h. Oestrus numbers, oestrus onset time (EOT) and oestrus rate in CLO and eCG groups were greater than in CG (P < 0.05). EOT in CLO and eCG groups were 19.88 ± 2.91 h and 34.84 ± 5.05 h. Uterine weights of treatment groups were larger than CG. Uterine weights of the eCG group were higher than those in the CLO group. Uterine horn longitudial diameters (ULD) in treatment groups were larger than CG during the experiment. ULD in eCG-2 and eCG-3 were significantly greater when compared to CG (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). On days 14 and 21, uterine horn transverse diameters (UTD) in CLO-1, eCG-1, eCG-2 and eCG-3 subgroups were significantly larger than that of CG (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Serum LH concentrations in eCG and CLO increased. Increments in eCG and CLO groups were greater than that of CG. FSH concentrations in eCG mice were higher than those in CLO and CG mice (P < 0.05) on day 21. Thus, eCG and cloprostenol treatments in mice can improve uterine development and promote the secretion of LH and FSH. Keywords: follicle stimulating hormone, equine chorionic gonadotropin, cloprostenol, oestrus synchronisation, mice Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 31-38 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/7923-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7923-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201501-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:1:id:7923-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Tanekhy Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Author-Name: J. Fall Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (IUPA), UCAD, Dakar, Senegal Title: Expression of innate immunity genes in kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus after in vivo stimulation with garlic extract (allicin) Abstract: In recent times, attention has focused on immunostimulants and plant products which could have beneficial effects in disease control. At present, the application of immunostimulants has been considered a more effective approach to health management in aquaculture through the enhancement of immune capability and disease resistance in shrimp. Garlic possesses bactericidal property against bacteria and can inhibit the growth of protozoa as well as gregarine infection in cultured shrimp. However, its effect on viral disease infection has not been well studied and requires further investigation. Garlic can also stimulate shrimp haemocytes as determined by cellular immune responses (phagocytic activity, superoxide anion production and phenoloxidase activity) suggesting that the immune-stimulatory properties of garlic will be useful for improvement of shrimp health. Here, we determined the expression of the immune-related genes Penaeidin, Crustin, Lysozyme, Toll-like, and tumour necrosis factor in kuruma shrimp, upon stimulation with allicin extract. The expression of these factors was measured for the first time and was found to be elevated in intestine and lymphoid organ after in vivo stimulation for 3, 12, 24 and 48 h. We conclude that garlic can be used in shrimp culture as an alternative to antibiotics or chemotherapeutic agents; however, further research is needed under field conditions. Keywords: allicin, kuruma, in vivo, immune genes Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 39-47 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/7924-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7924-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201501-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:1:id:7924-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Jalilzadeh-Amin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Author-Name: S. Hashemiasl Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Title: Megaoesophagus in the upper cervical oesophagus in a steer: a case report Abstract: Acquired megaoesophagus was diagnosed in a seven-month-old Holstein steer. Clinical signs included salivation, mild recurrent bloat, dysphagia or regurgitation of ingesta after swallowing and coughing lasting three days. Endoscopic examination revealed mild rhinitis and pharyngitis. Positive contrast radiography of the oesophagus outlined dilatation in the cervical oesophagus without evidence of obstruction. Treatment consisted of feeding management, oral electrolytes, intravenous fluids, and systemic antimicrobial therapy. Clinical signs of megaoesophagus resolved gradually after prolonged antimicrobial therapy and supportive care. However, the steer persisted with episodes of regurgitation and coughing. In conclusion, oesophagitis may have been the principle cause of megaoesophagus in this case but this could not be confirmed because a postmortem examination was not performed. Keywords: megaoesophagus, oesophagitis, cattle, bloat, regurgitation Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 48-51 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/7925-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7925-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201501-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:1:id:7925-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L.R. Mesquita Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: S.C. Rahal Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: L.M. Matsubara Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: M.J. Mamprim Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: C.R. Foschini Author-Workplace-Name: School of Engineer of Bauru (Foschini), University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: L.G. Faria Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: W.T. Kano Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil Title: Bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter after ovariohysterectomy using nylon cable tie: a case report Abstract: Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus) is one of the most important infectious agents causing abortion in ruminants. The bacterium is obligately intracellular, cannot grow on agar, but it needs cell culture or embryonated eggs for growth. Therefore, culture-independent detection methods such as the polymerase chain reaction are increasingly important and needed. The aim of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction assay with an internal control for detection of C. abortus in clinical samples. Using newly-designed two primer sets specific for C. abortus, the polymerase chain reaction assay was first tested with positive and negative control DNA and its sensitivity and specificity were determined. A new polymerase chain reaction protocol was developed by combining the new primer pair sets with bovine (12SM-FW and 12SBT-REV2) and ruminant host-specific primer sets (12S-FW and 12S-REV). In conclusion, the developed polymerase chain reaction assays can potentially be used for direct detection of Chlamydophila abortus in bovine and ruminant samples. Keywords: Chlamydophila abortus, internal control, PCR Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 52-56 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/7926-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7926-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201501-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:1:id:7926-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K.Y. Eo Author-Workplace-Name: Seoul Zoo, Gwacheon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea Author-Name: D. Kwak Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: O.D. Kwon Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Title: Treatment of mange caused by Caparinia tripilis in native Korean wild hedgehogs (Erinaceus amurensis): a case report Abstract: Infestation of the Caparinia tripilis mite in native Korean wild hedgehogs (Erinaceus amurensis) is described in this report. Five hedgehogs, including two adult males and three adult females, were rescued from the wild and referred to the Animal Health Centre of the Seoul Zoo, Korea. They were exhibited after completing quarantine. After one year and two months of exhibition, all hedgehogs began scratching, developed powdery deposits around the ears, eyes, and cheeks, and showed loose spines, scurf, and scales on the dorsal lesions. One had pruritic dermatitis on the outer ears and upper chest that resulted from severe scratching using its hind leg claws. The motile powdery deposits around the ears and eyes were visible to the naked eye. Skin was scraped from the lesions and examined by microscopy to diagnose the causative agent. Numerous mites (300-400 µm body length) were observed with three long setae on the third pair of legs, short and unjointed pedicels, and bell-shaped tarsal caruncles. Based on these morphological features, the mites were identified as the non-burrowing C. tripilis mite. Treatment was successful after initial administration of 0.4 mg/kg ivermectin s.c. and subsequent 0.5 mg/kg p.o., repeated 14 and 28 days after injection. This is the first description of a capariniosis case in the native Korean wild hedgehog E. amurensis. Keywords: capariniosis, mange, Erinaceus amurensis, native Korean wild hedgehogs, treatment Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 57-61 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/7927-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7927-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201501-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:1:id:7927-VETMED