Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.E. Ghanem Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt Author-Name: M. Nishibori Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Title: Effects of season on plasma progesterone profiles in repeat breeding cows Abstract: Forty six Holstein Friesian repeat breeding cows (the average AI/conception was 5.2 ± 0.2) were investigated using the progesterone assay after AI to determine possible differences in plasma progesterone profiles between summer and winter seasons. Twenty eight (60.9%) and 18 (39.1%) cows were followed in summer (June-August) and winter (December-February), respectively. In the summer season, the total progesterone concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in pregnant cows with normal luteal function compared to those in non-pregnant animals with abnormal luteal function. In contrast, in the winter season, there was no difference (P = 0.12) in total progesterone concentrations between pregnant and non-pregnant cows with normal or abnormal luteal functions. When the progesterone concentrations were compared, the pregnant and non-pregnant cows with normal luteal functions exhibited no difference (P = 0.92) in summer and winter seasons. Thus, the present study indicates that there is no effect of season on plasma progesterone profiles in repeat breeding cows; however in the summer season, the total progesterone concentrations were considerably higher in pregnant cows with normal luteal function compared to non-pregnant cows with abnormal luteal function. Keywords: progesterone, embryonic death, luteal function, season, cows Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 227-234 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8174-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8174-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201505-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:5:id:8174-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Mazurova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Chemical-Technology, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Kukla Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Chemical-Technology, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Rozkot Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhrineves, Workplace Kostelec nad Orlici, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Lustykova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhrineves, Workplace Kostelec nad Orlici, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Slehova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Chemical-Technology, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Sleha Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Chemical-Technology, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove Author-Name: J. Lipensky Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhrineves, Workplace Kostelec nad Orlici, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Opletal Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Use of natural substances for boar semen decontamination Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and toxicity for sperm cells of the natural substances gallic acid, methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, thymol, carvacrol and eugenol. The antibacterial activity of these natural substances and selected combinations of them against bacterial strains isolated from boar ejaculates was determined using the microdilution and macrodilution method in Mueller-Hinton broth. The most effective natural substances against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria included in our study were thymol and carvacrol with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 300-600 µg/ml. Gallic acid exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (MIC values of 300-2400 µg/ml), whereas the ranges of MIC values against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus sp. strains were higher. Octyl gallate exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against staphylococci and enterococci (MIC values of 18.8-75 µg/ml) than against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with MIC values in the ranges of 300-600 µg/mland 1200-2400 µg/ml, respectively. Thymol combined with carvacrol was the most effective combination against enterococci (MIC values of 75-300 : 150 thymol : carvacrol) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC values of 75-300 : 300 thymol : carvacrol), bacteria which are known to be frequently resistant to antimicrobials. Similar results were determined for the combination of carvacrol and eugenol against staphylococci and enterococci. The results of the combinations revealed more of an additive rather than a synergistic effect. Thymol and carvacrol were the most effective natural substances against the bacteria included in this study, with a low toxicity for sperm cells compared to other substances, suggesting their possible use for boar semen decontamination. Keywords: thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, gallic acid, gallates, antibacterial activity, bacteria, spermiotoxicity Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 235-247 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8175-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8175-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201505-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:5:id:8175-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.H. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: B.Y. Jung Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea Author-Name: D. Kwak Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea Title: Evidence of Anaplasma spp. exposure in native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae) Abstract: Anaplasmosis in animals is caused by Anaplasma spp. including A. phagocytophilum, A. marginale, A. centrale, A. ovis, and A. bovis, which are obligate intracellular rickettsial pathogens transmitted by ticks. Infection in animals is considered an important constraint on livestock production. In Korea, the prevalence of Anaplasma spp. has been investigated in several species, including cattle, dogs, and rodents, but there are no available data on anaplasmosis in goats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of Anaplasma spp. in native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae) using a commercial competitive ELISA which specifically detects antibodies against A. marginale, A. centrale, and A. ovis. A total of 36 (6.6%) of 544 goat serum samples tested seropositive for Anaplasma spp. With regard to age, 4.9% (7/144), 9.5% (27/283), and 1.7% (2/117) of samples tested seropositive in the young (< 1 year), adult (≥ 1 year), and unknown age groups, respectively, with significant differences among groups (P < 0.05). The seroprevalence by region was 1.7% (2/121), 2.6% (2/77), and 9.2% (32/346) in the northern, central, and southern regions, respectively, with significant differences among regions (P < 0.05). With regard to the season of sample collection, 3.3% (4/122) and 7.6% (32/422) samples tested seropositive during the cold and warm seasons, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known study reporting the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. in native Korean goats. Despite the relatively low prevalence of Anaplasma spp. in native Korean goats compared with that in animals from other countries, these results should not be disregarded because infection with Anaplasma spp. in animals has long been recognised, and the potential for horizontal transmission cannot be excluded. Keywords: anaplasmosis, seroprevalence, ELISA, caprine Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 248-252 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8176-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8176-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201505-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:5:id:8176-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I.S. Ochiogu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria Author-Name: D. Ogwu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria Author-Name: C.N. Uchendu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria Author-Name: C.N. Okoye Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria Author-Name: J.I. Ihedioha Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria Author-Name: E.C. Mbegbu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria Title: Serum luteinising hormone, testosterone and total cholesterol levels, libido and testicular histomorphology of male West African Dwarf goats orally or subcutaneously treated with monosodium l-glutamate Abstract: This study investigated the effects of administration of monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) on serum luteinising hormone, testosterone and cholesterol levels, libido and testicular histomorphology of male West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Thirty-two WAD goats (28 males and four females) were used for the study. The 28 males were randomly assigned to seven groups (A, BO, BS, CO, CS, DO and DS) of four goats each. Goats in groups BO, CO, and DO were given MSG orally at doses of 0.25, 0.50 and 1 g/kg body weight respectively for 28 days, while groups BS, CS and DS goats were given MSG subcutaneously at doses of 0.25, 0.50 and 1 g/kg body weight, respectively, for 28 days. Group A goats served as untreated control. The four female goats did not receive MSG, but were used to assess the levels of expression of libido by all the males. Serum luteinising hormone and testosterone were assayed prior to MSG administration (Day 0) and on Days 2, 14 and 28 of MSG administration, while serum cholesterol was assayed on Days 0, 14 and 28 of MSG administration. Libido scores and testicular histomorphology were evaluated on Days 26 and 28 of MSG administration, respectively. Results showed that on Days 14 and 28 of MSG administration the mean serum luteinising hormone, testosterone and cholesterol levels of the treated groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the control group. The mean libido scores of all the treated groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of the control. Sections of the testes of the male WAD goats that received varying doses of MSG orally or subcutaneously showed no obvious lesions; the seminiferous tubules and interstices were normal and comparable to those of the untreated control. It was concluded that MSG administration for up to 14 and 28 days led to a significant lowering of serum luteinising hormone, testosterone and cholesterol, as well as libido scores. Keywords: dietary supplements, flavouring agents, traditional means of castrating bucks, reproductive toxicity Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 253-260 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8177-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8177-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201505-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:5:id:8177-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Metiner Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: A.F. Bagcigil Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: A. Ilgaz Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Title: Determination of the diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus species from dogs with otitis externa and examination of mecA gene occurrence Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Staphylococci from swab samples of dogs with otitis externa and to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles, particularly methicillin resistance. For this purpose 116 ear swab samples were collected from 100 dogs and examined for the presence of Staphylococcus species by conventional culture methods. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disk diffusion test and for methicillin resistance, by PCR. Forty Staphylococci were isolated from 37 (31.9%) of the 116 ear swabs. Among the 40 isolates, 30 of them were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species (CPS), while 10 (25%) were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS). S. pseudintermedius (n = 11), S. aureus (n = 8), other not determined Staphylococcus spp. (n = 7), S. chromogenes (n = 7), S. schleiferi coagulans (n = 3), S. hyicus (n = 1), S. hominis subsp. hominis (n = 1), S. simulans (n = 1), S. saprophyticus (n = 1) were isolated. Results of the antibiotic susceptibility tests have shown that 60% of the isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 32.5% of them were resistant to erythromycin, 25% were resistant to clindamycin, and all isolates (100%) were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephazolin. The majority of isolates (97.5%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin which are frequently used in otitis externa treatment. It was determined that only one (2.5%) (S. hominis subsp. hominis) of the 40 isolates was resistant to methicillin and carried the mecA gene. We found 77% of Staphylococcus spp. to be resistant to one or more antimicrobial drugs, and 25% of Staphylococcus species were found to be resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes. Thus, multidrug-resistance as detected in our study should always be taken into account and close attention should be given to the antimicrobial therapy protocols of pet animals. Keywords: dog, otitis externa, Staphylococcus spp., methicillin resistance, mecA gene Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 261-267 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8178-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8178-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201505-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:5:id:8178-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Ehtisham-ul-Haque Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub-Campus, Jhang, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: S.U. Rahman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: M.I. Khan Author-Workplace-Name: University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA Author-Name: M. Younus Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub-Campus, Jhang, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: M.M. Awais Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author-Name: A. Nasir Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub-Campus, Jhang, Lahore, Pakistan Title: A simplified duplex real-time PCR incorporating TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) probes and an exogenous internal positive control for the simultaneous detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae cultures Abstract: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are the most pathogenic and economically important mycoplasma pathogens that infect chickens. The development of rapid and innovative molecular diagnostic techniques is of pivotal importance for their effective control. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel duplex TaqMan real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of MG and MS. This duplex real-time PCR assay incorporates TaqMan (FAM/NED) labelled minor groove binder (MGB) probes that target the cytadhesin encoding surface protein (mgc2) gene and the haemagglutinin surface protein (vlhA) gene of MG and MS, respectively. The assay also contained a TaqMan exogenous internal positive control (Exo IPC), to avoid false negative results that might happen due to failure in DNA extraction/PCR inhibition. The TaqMan MGB probe-based duplex RT-PCR incorporating Exo IPC was then applied to DNA from culture isolates for the simultaneous detection of MG (mgc2 gene) and MS (vlhA gene). For duplex RT-PCR the sensitivity recorded was 10-3 CFU/ml and 10-2 CFU/ml for MG and MS template DNA, respectively. The specificity of the real-time PCR assay was 100% for MG- and MS-specific probes in detecting both single as well as double infections. In conclusion, the use of TaqMan MGB probes for the detection of mgc2 and vlhA genes confers extra specificity and the incorporation of Exo IPC simplifies the assay, allowing the detection of double infections with low-copy target DNAs. Keywords: avian Mycoplasma spp., duplex real-time PCR, MGB probe, mgc2 gene, vlhA gene, internal positive control Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 268-273 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8179-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8179-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201505-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:5:id:8179-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Kayar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: B. Dokuzeylul Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: F.M. Kandemir Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: A. Kirbas Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: A. Bayrakal Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: M.E. Or Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Title: Total oxidant and antioxidant capacities, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in cats seropositive for the feline coronavirus Abstract: Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a highly contagious virus that is ubiquitous in multicat environments and may induce oxidative stress. This virus commonly causes an asymptomatic infection, which can persist in certain individuals. Sporadically and unpredictably, FCoV infection leads to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a highly fatal systemic immune-mediated disease. There are no data in the veterinary literature relating to oxidative stress in FCoV. Antioxidant capacity (TAC) can be attributed to single components in the defence systems against free radicals. The measurement of the total oxidant status (TOS) accurately reflects the oxidative status of blood plasma or serum. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a free radical and contributes to host defences against oxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a reliable and commonly used marker of overall lipid peroxidation levels and the presence of oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine levels of oxidative stress markers, serum TAC, total oxidant capacity (TOC), NO and serum MDA in 24 cats seropositive for FCoVs and 15 cats seronegative for FCoVs. Significantly higher serum TOC, NO and MDA levels were found in seropositive animals (P < 0.001, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) than in seronegative animals. In contrast, serum TAC levels were found to be significantly lower in seropositive cats compared with seronegative cats (P < 0.001). The results of the present study suggest that FCoV seropositivity is associated with oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant status. Keywords: oxidative stress, antioxidants, free radicals, total oxidant status Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 274-281 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8180-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8180-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201505-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:5:id:8180-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.H. Bae Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: C.E. Plummer Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA Author-Name: J. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: M.S. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: N.S. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Title: Continuous ophthalmic treatment using an osmotic pump in a bull calf following surgical removal of an ocular dermoid: a case report Abstract: An intact male, six-month-old Hanwoo bull calf (native Korean beef breed) was presented to the Animal Medical Centre, Chonbuk National University because the owner had noticed a conjunctival and corneal abnormality in the left eye (OS). On ophthalmic examination, a small, elevated and skin-like mass lesion, containing hair was found on the ventronasal cornea and the conjunctiva of the third eyelid. In the light of its characteristic appearance, the lesion was classified clinically as a corneal dermoid. Under general anaesthesia, superficial lamellar keratectomy and conjunctivectomy was performed to remove the abnormal tissue. As the owner could not apply topical medications regularly, a drug-filled osmotic pump (Alzet; Alza, Palo Alto, CA) was implanted subconjunctivally under the upper eyelid and connected to a catheter at the lateral limbus. The catheter was fixed to the conjunctiva with 3-0 polyglactin 910 (Vicryl®; Ethicon, Johnson and Johnson, Somerville, USA) and a partial temporary tarsorrhaphy was placed. In order to determine the efficacy of medication delivery, a sample of aqueous humour was collected via aqueocentesis from the anterior chamber at two weeks and four weeks after implantation of the pump. The presence and concentration of ciprofloxacin was determined via mass spectroscopy. Aqueous concentration of ciprofloxacin was 0.093 µg/ml at two weeks and 0.107 µg/ml at four weeks. The calf healed without incident and returned to normal function six weeks following the procedure. Keywords: calf, topical antibiotics, aqueous humour, keratectomy Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 282-287 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8181-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8181-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201505-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:5:id:8181-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Macri' Author-Workplace-Name: University of Messina, Messina, Italy Author-Name: G. Lanteri Author-Workplace-Name: University of Messina, Messina, Italy Author-Name: M.T. Capucchio Author-Workplace-Name: University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy Author-Name: A. Ieni Author-Workplace-Name: University of Messina, Messina, Italy Author-Name: F. Marino Author-Workplace-Name: University of Messina, Messina, Italy Title: A cystoadenoma of the biliary ducts in a dog: anatomo-histopathological features and pathogenetic considerations: a case report Abstract: A rare case of a liver biliary duct cystoadenoma in a dog is reported. Tissue changes are described with an emphasis on immunohistochemical patterns that aid in the identification of the tumour and differentiation from similar macroscopical features that arise due to congenital abnormalities. Finally, we provide hints on comparative pathology. Keywords: biliary ducts cystoadenoma, immunohistochemistry, liver neoplasm, pathology, dog Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 288-291 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8182-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8182-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201505-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:60:y:2015:i:5:id:8182-VETMED