Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Ahn Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea Author-Name: C.-S. Bae Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea Author-Name: C.-H. Yun Author-Workplace-Name: School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea Title: Acute stress-induced changes in hormone and lipid levels in mouse plasma Abstract: We evaluated the conventional acute stress model in mice and investigated the stress-induced changes in concentrations of plasma lipids and hormones such as corticosterone (CORT), insulin, glucagon, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4). Stress induction for 120 min using tape-immobilisation and restraint resulted in an increase in the plasma levels of CORT, insulin, glucose, total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared with unstressed mice. Stress also resulted in a decrease in the concentrations of T3, T4, triglycerides (TG), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. However, the amount of glucagon did not change. Moreover, the concentrations of T3, T4, TC, TG, and lipoprotein cholesterol were maintained at constant levels over the recovery periods after stress induction; however, CORT, glucose, and insulin concentrations decreased as a function of time. Statistical correlations between the parameters that changed in response to acute stress were also investigated. In contrast, stress induction for 30 or 60 min did not cause substantial changes in the lipid profiles, although there were fluctuations in the levels of some hormones. This study thus introduces an appropriate model for the study of the acute stress response of lipids and hormones and our data suggest that acute stress affects the levels of plasma lipids, especially cholesterol, in mice. Keywords: acute stress, corticosterone, hormones, plasma lipids, metabolism, mice Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 57-64 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8718-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8718-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201602-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8718-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Fazio Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Author-Name: P. Medica Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Author-Name: C. Cravana Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Author-Name: A. Ferlazzo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Title: Effects of previous experience on total blood and free iodothyronine responses to isolation, restraint and shearing in sheep (Ovis aries) Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate a possible effect on thyroid hormone concentrations in peripheral blood in sheep submitted to isolation, restraint and shearing. Circulating T3, T4, fT3 and fT4 concentrations of No. 40 Pinzirita sheep were evaluated under baseline conditions, 24 h before isolation, restraint and shearing (T0), after isolation (T1), and after restraint and shearing (T2), with respect to the influence of a previous shearing experience (just shorn). A control group of 40 sheep was evaluated under baseline conditions (T0). Two-way RM ANOVA showed a significant effect of previous experience and sex on T3 (P ≤ 0.05) and fT3 (P ≤ 0.01) changes, with lower T3 and higher fT3 concentrations in just shorn than in intact females; on T4 (P ≤ 0.005), fT3 (P ≤ 0.0001) and fT4 (P ≤ 0.001) changes, with higher T4, fT3 and fT4 changes in just shorn than in intact females; on T4 (P ≤ 0.001), fT3 (P ≤ 0.0005) and fT4 (P ≤ 0.001) changes, with higher T4, fT3 and fT4 changes in intact females than males. The magnitude of total and free iodothyronine changes following handling practices suggests that restraint and shearing represent a moderate stressor in sheep, while isolation is probably perceived as a severe stress stimulus. Keywords: sheep, isolation, restraint, shearing, total and free iodothyronines Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 65-71 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8719-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8719-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201602-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8719-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Apic Author-Workplace-Name: Scientific Veterinary Institute, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: I. Stancic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: S. Vakanjac Author-Workplace-Name: University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: I. Radovic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Z. Kanacki Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: S. Jotanovic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska (B and H) Author-Name: B. Stankovic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Title: Motility of boar spermatozoa supplemented with homologous seminal plasma of high or low protein content after storage for three days Abstract: The effect of adding high or low protein content homologous seminal plasma to boar spermatozoa on the progressive motility of the spermatozoa after storage for three days, and at a 1 : 4 dilution ratio was investigated. A total of 32 ejaculates collected from four boars (eight ejaculates per boar) with high seminal plasma protein content (4%, HH-group) and 32 ejaculates collected from four boars (eight ejaculates per boar) with low seminal plasma protein content (2%, LL-group) were evaluated. The fresh ejaculate samples were centrifuged at 1000 g for 10 min at 4 °C to separate the spermatozoa from the seminal plasma. After centrifugation, one of the centrifuged spermatozoa samples was used to form an autologous fresh ejaculate sample, and another to form a homologous sample by adding low or high protein content seminal plasma from other boars. It was found that semen samples formed with spermatozoa from HH-group boars, supplemented with seminal plasma from LL-group, boars have significantly (P < 0.01) lower progressive motility (55%) after storage for 72 h than samples containing the boar's own (autologous) seminal plasma (65%). Conversely, when homologous seminal plasma with high protein content was added to the spermatozoa isolated from the boar ejaculate with low protein content in its seminal plasma, progressive motility significantly (P < 0.01) increased from 52% in samples with autologous seminal plasma, to 65% in samples with homologous seminal plasma. It was concluded that addition of homologous high protein content seminal plasma to the spermatozoa of boars with low protein content in their seminal plasma increases their progressive motility after storage for 72 h at a 1 : 4 dilution ratio. This could be a useful tool for increasing reproductive performance in lower fertility high genetic quality boars. Keywords: seminal plasma, homologous, autologous, protein, dilution, spermatozoa, motility, boar Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 72-79 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8720-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8720-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201602-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8720-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Lenart-Boron Author-Workplace-Name: University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland Author-Name: K. Augustyniak Author-Workplace-Name: University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland Author-Name: P. Boron Author-Workplace-Name: University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland Title: Screening of antimicrobial resistance and molecular detection of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in chicken faeces-derived Escherichia coli Abstract: This study was aimed at investigating the resistance to antimicrobial agents and to assess the predominant molecular mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in faecal E. coli strains isolated from chickens farmed in central Poland. Bacterial strains were isolated from faecal samples of chickens reared on four conventional and one organic farm. The disk-diffusion method was applied to assess antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of particular resistance mechanisms to fluoroquinolones was determined using specific polymerase chain reactions and sequencing of the gyrA and parC genes. Rep-PCR was used to determine the intra-specific variation of E. coli strains. The greatest resistance was observed for ß-lactams (e.g. from 25 to 100% of strains resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate) and the smallest - for cephalotin (0 to 18.75% resistant strains). Three out of four conventional farms were characterised by very high resistance rates, particularly to enrofloxacin (from 87 to 93.3% of resistant isolates). The majority of multidrug-resistant strains were also isolated from these farms. The presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (qnrB and qnrS) was detected very frequently, even in strains that exhibited phenotypic susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. With respect to point mutations in quinolone resistance determining regions, Ser-83 substitution was observed in numerous strains. Some of the fluoroquinolone-resistant strains appeared to possess both qnr genes coupled with point mutations, which indicates that a high level of resistance can be affected by multiple factors. Nevertheless, excessive use of antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals decreases the susceptibility of commensal strains, even those that never had contact with antibiotics. Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility, E. coli, rep-PCR, qnr genes, parC, gyrA Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 80-89 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8721-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8721-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201602-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8721-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Mohammadi Gheisar Author-Workplace-Name: Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, Republic of Korea Author-Name: C.M. Nyachoti Author-Workplace-Name: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Author-Name: J.D. Hancock Author-Workplace-Name: Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA Author-Name: I.H. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, Republic of Korea Title: Effects of lactulose on growth, carcass characteristics, faecal microbiota, and blood constituents in broilers Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing diets with lactulose on growth performance, carcass characteristics, faecal microbiota, and blood constituents. A total of 324 one-day-old Ross 308 mixed-sex broiler chicks with an average initial body weight of 38 g were used in a 35-day growth assay. There were 18 birds/pen and six pens/treatment with food and water available ad libitum. Treatments consisted of a corn-soybean-meal-based diet with 0, 0.25 and 0.5% of lactulose. The results indicated that body weight gain (BWG) was improved (linear effect, P < 0.05) by increasing the concentration of lactulose in the diet from zero to 0.5% while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (linear effect, P < 0.05) for Days 8 to 21, 21 to 35, and overall (Day 0 to 35). Chickens fed the diet supplemented with 0.5% lactulose showed a higher relative weight of breast meat compared to other groups. Inclusion of lactulose decreased the count of Salmonella and E. coli in excreta of chickens fed diets containing 0.25 or 0.5% lactulose (P < 0.05), but the count of Lactobacillus was not affected. Drip loss percentage was decreased (P < 0.05) on Day 1 by addition of 0.5% lactulose, but there was no effect on meat colour. Blood characteristics were not influenced. Thus, it was concluded that inclusion of lactulose improves growth performance and alters excreta microbial populations with no adverse effect on broilers. Keywords: broiler, carcass characteristics, excreta microbiota, growth performance, lactulose Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 90-96 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8722-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8722-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201602-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8722-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Alan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey Author-Name: A. Duzler Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey Author-Name: I. Orhan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey Title: Ramification of the celiac artery in the greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) Abstract: The purpose of this study was a description of the species-specific characteristics of the celiac artery in greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus). In the greater flamingos examined in this study, it was observed that the celiac artery (a. celiaca) originated from the right ventrolateral surface of the descending aorta (aorta descendens) at the level of the fourth thoracic intervertebral junction. The celiac artery was observed to give off branches to the oesophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, spleen, liver, gall bladder, duodenum, pancreas, jejunum, ileum and caecum. After giving off the dorsal proventricular artery (a. proventricularis dorsalis) and oesophageal artery (ramus esophagealis), the celiac artery bifurcated into two main branches. It was determined that the right branch of the celiac artery (ramus dexter) gave off either two or four splenic arteries (aa. splenicae), as well as the right hepatic artery (a. hepatica dextra), duodenojejunal artery (a. duodenojejunalis), right dorsal gastric artery (a. gastrica dextra dorsalis), right ventral gastric artery (a. gastrica dextra ventralis) and pancreaticoduodenal artery (a. pancreaticoduodenalis). The ventral proventricular artery (a. proventricularis ventralis), left hepatic artery (a. hepatica sinistra), the arterial branches to the saccus cranialis (rami saccicraniales) and the left gastric artery (a. gastrica sinistra) arose from the left branch of the celiac artery (ramus sinister). Keywords: anatomy, circulation, branching celiac artery, flamingo Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 97-101 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8723-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8723-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201602-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8723-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.A. Park Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: J.H. Lim Author-Workplace-Name: Caviare Animal Medical Center, Sanseong-daero, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y.H. Kwon Author-Workplace-Name: Caviare Animal Medical Center, Sanseong-daero, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Author-Name: J.H. Bae Author-Workplace-Name: Caviare Animal Medical Center, Sanseong-daero, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Author-Name: H.M. Park Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Title: Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with giant tubercle formation in a dog: a case report Abstract: An eight-year-old, 4.9 kg, intact male mongrel dog presented with progressive weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, and open-mouth breathing. A thoracic radiograph showed significant pleural effusion. Upon removal of the pleural effusion, an oval-shaped soft-tissue density mass was identified above the heart base. Two months later, the dog's condition worsened severely, and he was euthanised. A complete necropsy showed all intrathoracic structures were encapsulated by a fibrinous material. A large granuloma was attached between the right cranial lung lobe and the trachea. The cytological evaluation of the pleural effusion showed numerous negative-staining rod structures. Ziehl-Neelsen staining confirmed the presence of acid-fast bacilli. A polymerase chain reaction test confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This work is the first case report of canine pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection in South Korea. To the best of our knowledge, the formation of giant tubercles in canine pulmonary tuberculosis has not been reported recently. Keywords: dog, M. Tuberculosis, pleural effusion, tubercles, tuberculosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 102-109 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8724-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8724-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201602-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8724-VETMED