Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Landa Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Sulcova Author-Workplace-Name: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Gbelec Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital and Ambulance AA Vet, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The use of cannabinoids in animals and therapeutic implications for veterinary medicine: a review Abstract: Cannabinoids/medical marijuana and their possible therapeutic use have received increased attention in human medicine during the last years. This increased attention is also an issue for veterinarians because particularly companion animal owners now show an increased interest in the use of these compounds in veterinary medicine. This review sets out to comprehensively summarise well known facts concerning properties of cannabinoids, their mechanisms of action, role of cannabinoid receptors and their classification. It outlines the main pharmacological effects of cannabinoids in laboratory rodents and it also discusses examples of possible beneficial use in other animal species (ferrets, cats, dogs, monkeys) that have been reported in the scientific literature. Finally, the article deals with the prospective use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine. We have not intended to review the topic of cannabinoids in an exhaustive manner; rather, our aim was to provide both the scientific community and clinical veterinarians with a brief, concise and understandable overview of the use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine. Keywords: cannabinoids, medical marijuana, laboratory animals, companion animals, veterinary medicine Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 111-122 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8762-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8762-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201603-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:3:id:8762-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Strzyzewska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Szarek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: I. Babinska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: Morphologic evaluation of the gills as a tool in the diagnostics of pathological conditions in fish and pollution in the aquatic environment: a review Keywords: gills, respiratory tract, morphological examination, pathomorphological changes Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 123-132 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8763-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8763-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201603-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:3:id:8763-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kabu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Author-Name: Z. Sayin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey Title: Concentrations of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1 and -6 in Anatolian buffaloes naturally infected with dermatophytosis- Abstract: Dermatophytosis is most frequently found in ruminants, in which non-pruritic periocular lesions are most typical, though generalised skin disease may develop. Accordingly, the infection causes major economic losses. The aim of this study was to measure the inflammatory status of Anatolian buffaloes with dermatophytosis by determining the serum concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) and -6 (IL-6). Anatolian buffaloes (n = 26), aged three to 11 month, were divided into two groups: 11 animals served as the clinically healthy control group and 15 animals clinically and microbiologically diagnosed with dermatophytosis formed the experimental group. Concentrations of tested proteins were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. In all cases, concentrations of measured proteins were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in infected animals when compared to healthy controls: SAA: 41.05 ± 0.01 vs. 7.43 ± 0.11µg/ml; Hp: 96.21 ± 0.18 vs. 8.49 ± 0.79 µg/ml; TNF-α: 0.90 ± 0.99 vs. 0.10 ± 0.26 ng/ml; IL-1α: 186.22 ± 0.22 vs. 74.04 ± 0.90 pg/ml; and IL-6: 55.94 ± 0.50 vs. 32.45 ± 0.20 pg/ml. It was concluded that the elevated values of variables under study were a result of the inflammatory response to dermatophytosis; thus, these markers may serve as an additional diagnostic tool. Keywords: dermatophytosis, anatolian buffaloes, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, cytokines Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 133-135 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8770-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8770-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201603-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:3:id:8770-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Garcia Author-Workplace-Name: Poultry Quality and Animal Nutrition Center of Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Castellon, Spain Author-Name: J.M. Soriano Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain Author-Name: P. Catala-Gregori Author-Workplace-Name: Poultry Quality and Animal Nutrition Center of Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Castellon, Spain Title: Development of a seroprevalence map for Mycoplasma gallisepticum in broilers and its application to broilers from Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) over the course of two years (2009-2010) Abstract: The aim of this study was to design and implement a Seroprevalence Map based on Business Intelligence for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) in broilers in Comunidad Valenciana (Spain). To obtain the serological data we analysed 7363 samples from broiler farms over 30 days of age over the course of two years (3813 and 3550 samples in 2009 and 2010, respectively, from 189 and 193 broiler farms in 2009 and 2010, respectively). Data were represented on a map of Comunidad Valenciana to include geographical information of flock location and to facilitate the monitoring. Only one region presented with average ELISA titre values of over 500 in the 2009 period, indicating previous contact with M. gallisepticum in broiler flocks. None of the other regions showed any pressure of infection, indicating a low seroprevalence for M. gallisepticum. In addition, data from this study represent a novel tool for easy monitoring of the serological response that incorporates geographical information. Keywords: Mycoplasma gallisepticum, broiler, seroprevalence map, ELISA, Comunidad Valenciana Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 136-140 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8764-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8764-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201603-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:3:id:8764-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C.N. Okoye Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria Author-Name: I.S. Ochiogu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria Author-Name: C.E. Onah Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria Title: The effects of monosodium l-glutamate administration on the reproduction and serum biochemistry of adult male rabbits Abstract: In this study the effects of monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) administration on the reproductive parameters and serum biochemistry of male rabbits were investigated. Sixteen mature male New Zealand mixed-breed of rabbits (Oryctolagus species) weighing 1.1-1.65 kg were used for this study. They were randomised into four groups of four rabbits each. Group A which served as the untreated control, received only distilled water while Groups B, C and D which were the treated groups, received 0.25 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg and 1 g/kg body weight of MSG from a 40% MSG stock solution. The MSG was administered to the rabbits by oral gavage every forty-eight hours for a period of eight weeks. Serum levels of luteinising hormone (LH), testosterone, total cholesterol and total protein, and activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated on Days 14, 28 and 56 of MSG administration. Results showed that when compared to the untreated group (Group A), on Day 56 of MSG administration the mean serum levels of both LH and testosterone were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in Group D that received 1 g/kg body weight MSG, while the serum cholesterol levels of Group C rabbits that received 0.5 g/kg body weight MSG was significantly (P < 0.05) lower on Day 28 of MSG administration. The mean serum ALT activity of Groups B and C rabbits were significantly (P < 0.05) lower on Day 56 of MSG administration, while the mean serum AST activity of the Group D rabbits was significantly (P < 0.05) higher on Day 14 of MSG administration. There were no significant (P > 0.05) variations in the mean serum total protein between the groups. Testicular histomorphology revealed that MSG administration did not affect the testes of the rabbits as there was no obvious testicular histopathology. It was concluded that administration of MSG to male rabbits significantly lowered serum LH, testosterone and cholesterol levels and serum ALT activity without affecting testicular histomorphology. Keywords: monosodium l-glutamate, testosterone, testes, cholesterol, Oryctolagus species Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 141-147 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8765-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8765-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201603-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:3:id:8765-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F.M. Gur Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: S. Timurkaan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Title: Androgen receptor distribution in the rat prostate gland and seminal vesicles Abstract: To better understand the effect of androgen on the growth and function of accessory sex glands, it can be useful to determine the presence or absence of the androgen receptor (AR) in the individual cell types. Five adult intact male rats were sacrificed at 120 days. Their seminal vesicles and prostate glands were removed, fixed in Bouin's fixative and embedded in paraffin wax. The tissues were sectioned at 5 μm and stained using the microwave-stimulated antigen retrieval technique for immunohistochemistry. Positive immunohistochemical staining for the AR was evident in nuclei but not in the cytoplasm of gland cells such as luminal cells, basal cells, periacinar smooth muscle cells, other stromal cells, and smooth muscle cells in the tunica muscularis. The proportions of AR-positive and AR-negative basal cells were similar. The staining intensity of luminal cells was greater than basal cells and stromal cells. The numbers of AR-positive and AR-negative luminal cells in the prostate were almost equal. On the other hand, in the seminal vesicle only a small number of luminal cells were AR-negative. These observations can be interpreted to mean that the epithelium of the seminal vesicle is more sensitive to androgenic stimulation than the prostate epithelium. Keywords: prostate, seminal vesicle, androgen receptor, immunohistochemistry, rat Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 148-154 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8766-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8766-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201603-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:3:id:8766-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. De Majo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Author-Name: F. Macri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Author-Name: M. Masucci Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Author-Name: G. Coci Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Practitioner, Tremestieri Etneo, Catania, Italy Author-Name: M.G. Pennisi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy Title: Clinical ultrasonography in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta): imaging of pathological features Abstract: Ultrasound scans were used to image pathological features in sea turtles. Scans were carried out in 19 loggerhead sea turtles, weighing from 2 to 21 kg, during the course of clinical examinations using 3.5 and 7.5 MHz sector transducers. The examination was performed after placing turtles in dorsal recumbency. Turtles were manually restrained and, in order to find the most suitable acoustic windows, were held down either by their heads (left and right cervicobrachial windows), front flippers (left and right axillary windows) or back flippers (left and right prefemoral and postfemoral windows). The right and left cervicobrachial windows allowed visualisation of the liver and gallbladder; the stomach was localised through the left prefemoral acoustic window; the intestinal loops were observed through the left and right prefemoral acoustic windows; the bladder was identified through both prefemoral acoustic windows. The pathological findings were as follows: idiopathic ileus, an intestinal linear foreign body and smooth muscle hypertrophy, presence of calculi and sediment in the gallbladder. These results highlight the importance of ultrasound examination along with clinical examination in sea turtles for the evaluation of coelomic pathologies. Keywords: ultrasound, loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 155-161 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8767-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8767-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201603-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:3:id:8767-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Pinna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy Author-Name: A. De Giorgi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy Author-Name: G. Spinella Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy Title: Long-term evaluation of bicipital tenodesis with T-staple in three dogs: a case report Abstract: The purpose of this report is to describe the T-staple tenodesis of biceps brachii in three client-owned dogs and long-term ultrasonographic follow-ups. The orthopaedic examination revealed grade 2/4 (n = 2) and 3/4 (n = 1) lameness, moderate pain on passive movement and positivity to the tendon biceps test with a complete extension of the elbow during the flexion of the shoulder (Cases 1 and 2). Ultrasound examination was crucial for diagnosis of partial or complete rupture and tenosynovitis of biceps tendon. Surgical tenodesis was carried out with a metal T-staple. One-year ultrasound follow-up was performed, confirming the correct integration of the staple on the bicipital fibres and the absence of macroscopic tendon injury or degenerative disease. The results suggest that the metal T-staple could be a good alternative for bicipital tenodesis in dogs. Keywords: biceps brachii tendon, ultrasonography, staple, dog Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 162-168 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8768-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8768-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201603-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:3:id:8768-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.Y. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S.J. Park Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S.Y. Jin Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: M.H. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S.H. Seok Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y.K. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Haeundae Animal Medical Center, Busan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: H.C. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S.C. Yeon Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Title: Rectovaginal fistula in a dog with a normal anus: a case report Abstract: A one-year-old, 2.6 kg, spayed female Maltese dog was referred with passage of faeces coming from the vulva, repeated vaginal discharge and vaginitis. Through physical examination, contrast radiograph and vaginoscopic exploration, the dog was diagnosed with rectovaginal fistula which was surgically corrected. After midline perineal incision, the rectovaginal fistula was isolated and transected. The vaginal and rectal defects were closed separately, but dehiscence of the surgical region took place three days after surgery. For the second operation, the rectal segment containing the fistula was removed by transanal rectal pull-through, and anastomosis was performed. Total follow-up time was 10 months and no sign of recurrence was reported. Early postoperative complications included perineal soiling and wound dehiscence, but the long-term outcome was good. This case is the first report of surgical correction of a rectovaginal fistula in a dog with a normal anus. Keywords: rectovaginal fistula, rectal pull-through, dehiscence, vaginoscopy, dog Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 169-172 Volume: 61 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8769-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8769-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201603-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:3:id:8769-VETMED