Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Hruskova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: N. Sasakova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Z. Bujdosova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Kvokacka Author-Workplace-Name: District Veterinary and Food Administration, Presov, Slovak Republic Author-Name: G. Gregova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Verebova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Valko-Rokytovska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Takac Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic Title: Disinfection of potable water sources on animal farms and their microbiological safety Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine drinking water on three farms in eastern Slovakia and to determine experimentally the optimum dose for adequate disinfection in terms of devitalisation of potential pathogens while observing the limit for residual active chlorine (0.3 mg/l) in drinking water. Our investigations included bacteriological examination focused on general contamination and indicator bacteria (bacteria cultivated at 22 and 37 °C, total coliforms, E. coli, enterococci), physico-chemical examination (pH, ammonium ions, nitrites, nitrates, chlorides, free chlorine, chemical oxygen demand CODMn and Ca + Mg), and EEM (excitation emission matrix) fluorescence spectroscopy which focused on the presence of natural organic matter (NOM). After determining the optimum single dose of Chloramine T for disinfection of water used for watering of animals, the bacteriological quality of water was checked on the 5th day after the disinfection. The results showed that water quality was better on Farm No. 3 than on Farms No. 1 and No. 2. The weather (precipitation) evidently affected the quality of water on all three farms and was associated with some risk to animals consuming this water. The experimentally determined doses of Chloramine T appeared relatively efficient on Farm No. 1 and Farm No. 3, while the Chloramine T dose estimated for adequate disinfection on Farm No. 2 had to be increased considerably but was still much lower than the dose recommended by the manufacturer of this preparation. It appeared effective to adjust the intervals between individual chlorine treatments according to weather conditions (heavy rain) instead of increasing the active chlorine dose. Keywords: drinking water safety, farm animal watering, agriculture, microbiological examination, chlorination, physico-chemical examination, contamination Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 173-186 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8818-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8818-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201604-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8818-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Heitmann Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Author-Name: B. Parzefall Author-Workplace-Name: Royal Veterinary College, University of London, United Kingdom Author-Name: M. Zollner Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Author-Name: A. Bruhschwein Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Author-Name: W. Hermanns Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Author-Name: A. Blutke Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Title: Hyperostotic tympanic bone spicules in domestic and wild animal species Abstract: "Hyperostotic tympanic bone spicules" (HTBS), or "mucoperiosteal exostoses" (ME, syn.) are small, globular (≥ 1 mm in diameter), mostly stalked and drumstick-like, bony structures, which arise from the inner wall of the tympanic bulla and project into the middle ear cavity. HTBS present as mineral densities inside the tympanic bulla on radiographs or computed tomographic (CT) images. They have previously been referred to as "otoliths" and were thought to represent mineral concretions secondary to otitis media. Recently, it was shown that HTBS actually consist of regularly composed bone tissue, covered by normal middle ear mucosa. So far, HTBS have only extensively been described in dogs, where they occur with a prevalence of up to > 45%. A recent study detected ME, most likely representing HTBS, in the tympanic cavities of skeletonised skull bones of African lions. To estimate the occurrence of HTBS in other mammal species, the middle ears of adult animals of 78 different domestic, wild, and zoo species undergoing routine necropsy at the Institute of Veterinary Pathology of the LMU Munich, Germany were examined in the present study. HTBS were found in the tympanic bullae of carnivorous species, such as canids (wolf, fox), and in several large felid species (lion, tiger, leopard, cheetah). In contrast, HTBS were not present in domestic cats (more than to 200 cases), small carnivorous species such as mustelids, nor in any primate, ungulate, ruminant, pig, insectivore, or rodent species. The detectability of HTBS by CT of the tympanic bullae of large felids was demonstrated in an African lion. Histologically, HTBS consisted of mature lamellar bone, covered by periosteum and a partially ciliated, flat epithelium, regularly without any apparent inflammatory alterations. The present study demonstrates that HTBS may frequently occur in large felids and in different canid species. These findings should be taken into account when examining the middle ear, or interpreting bulla radiographs/CT-images of the respective species. However, the factors triggering the development of HTBS remain to be identified. Keywords: exostosis, middle ear, mucoperiosteum, otolith Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 187-194 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8819-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8819-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201604-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8819-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Oeztuerk Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: B. Emre Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: G. Breves Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany Title: Effects of hydrolysed yeasts on ruminal fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of three different hydrolysed yeast products derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae [hydrolysed whole yeast (HWY), less hydrolysed whole yeast (LHWY), and yeast cell wall (YCW)] on microbial fermentation characteristics using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) with three consecutive experiments. The Rusitec system consisted of six fermentation vessels. Each vessel received 5 g chopped meadow hay and 4 g concentrate (as-fed basis) daily for up to 22 days. Yeast products were added to the fermentation vessels at a concentration of 0.25 or 0.75 g/day. In most cases, ruminal microbial activity was stimulated by HWY and YCW, particularly at the 0.75 g/day level. HWY resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in ruminal pH and an increase (P < 0.05) in total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), acetate, propionate and methane productions, and an increase in NH3-N concentration when compared with the control values. Ruminal pH was not altered, but total SCFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and methane productions as well as NH3-N concentration increased (P < 0.05) in response to YCW treatment. Digestibility of organic matter was not significantly affected by either HWY or YCW. The effects of LHWY on ruminal fermentation characteristics were negligible. These results indicate that degree of hydrolysation (low or high) and composition of yeasts (whole cell or cell wall) have remarkable effects on ruminal microbial activity in the Rusitec system. Keywords: hydrolysed yeast, fermentation, rumen, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 195-203 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8820-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8820-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201604-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8820-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Drazek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M. Lew Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: S. Lew Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Snarska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: P. Sobiech Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Electroretinographic examination for evaluation of retinal activity in dogs with retinal dysplasia Abstract: Individual types of retinal dysplasia - folds, geographic and detached, have different impacts on vision ability. The purpose of this study was to undertake a qualitative and comparative evaluation of retinal activity in the individual types of the retinal dysplasia - folds, geographic and detached. Dogs (n = 24) with an ophthalmoscopic diagnosis of retinal dysplasia (rd) underwent vision testing, ophthalmologic examination and electroretinography. A three-degree scale (mild, moderate and severe) was used to describe the severity of ophthalmoscopic lesions in the rd folds and rd geographic forms. Our findings indicate that retinal folds of mild and moderate severity, and the mild geographic type of the rd, have similar effects on ERG responses, while severe retinal folds give lower ERG responses than moderately advanced geographical rd. This study confirms that electroretinography may generate a more comprehensive view of an altered retinal activity in the course of rd, which is helpful in making decisions on qualifying or excluding a given individual from the breeding program. Keywords: ERG, rd, ophthalmoscopy Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 204-212 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8821-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8821-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201604-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8821-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Capik Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: O. Nagy Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: C. Tothova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Polkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences Lublin, Poland Title: Comparison of tramadol and buprenorphine analgesia for continuous intravenous propofol anaesthesia in dogs undergoing dental prophylaxis Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare, in client-owned patients, the analgesic effects of the centrally acting analgesics tramadol and buprenorphine in continuous intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol. The study included forty dogs aged two to seven years and weighing 6-27 kg undergoing prophylactic dental treatment. The animals were classified into ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) I. and II. risk groups. One group of dogs received intravenous administration of tramadol (2 mg/kg) and the second one buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) 30 min prior to sedation induced by midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and xylazine (0.5 mg/kg) i.v. General anaesthesia was induced by propofol (2 mg/kg) and maintained by a 120-minute propofol infusion (0.2 mg/kg min). Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen, body temperature and deep pain sensation elicited by haemostat forceps pressure on the fingers were recorded at ten minute intervals. The tramadol group of dogs showed significantly better blood pressure values (P < 0.001), minimal tendency to bradycardia (P < 0.05) and respiratory rate (P < 0.001), without any negative effects on oxygen saturation. Significantly better deep pain sensation was achieved in the tramadol group (P < 0.001). Blood gas/acid base profile analysis showed a non-significant increase in the tramadol group of dogs. In conclusion, in comparison with buprenorphine, tramadol provided significantly better results with respect to degree of analgesia, as well as the tendency towards cardiopulmonary complications arising during anaesthesia. Significantly better analgesia and a lower depressive effect of tramadol on vital functions allows better control and management of the continuous intravenous propofol anaesthesia. Keywords: dog, analgesics, side effects, continuous propofol anaesthesia Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 213-218 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8822-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8822-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201604-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8822-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Dokuzeylul Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: A. Kayar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: M.E. Or Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Title: Prevalence of systemic disorders in cats with oral lesions Abstract: Oral disorders of small animals constitute a problem for veterinarians. Chronic oral infections are commonly seen in domestic cats. The objectives of this study were to characterise feline oral lesions, common feline dental problems, and especially the association of oral disease and systemic disease in cats. Two hundred and twenty cats referred over a period of 33 months to the Internal Medicine Department of our University with signs of oral disorders were included in this prospective study and were examined for the occurrence of the most commonly seen diseases. Infectious diseases which frequently cause ulcers and/or erosions within the mouth and on the tongue, constituted a significant proportion of the cases identified in this study. Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) infection was diagnosed in 36 cats (16%), Feline Calicivirus (FCV) in 17 cats (8%) and 16 cats (7%) had three viral infections (FCoV + Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) + Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)) at the same time. We conclude that oral disorders may be a sign of underlying systemic diseases in cats, especially in those diagnosed with feline viral infections. Other diagnosed diseases included immune-mediated disorders, eosinophilic granuloma complex, gastrointestinal system disorders, nutritional disorders, diabetes mellitus, hepatic disorders and chronic renal failure. Therefore, the first step in preventing oral disease in animals must be routine physical examination which includes a comprehensive oral exam. Keywords: oral disorders, systemic diseas es, cats, feline Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 219-223 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8823-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8823-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201604-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8823-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Jezek Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: A. Domanjko Petric Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: T. Paller Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: J. Staric Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Cervical ectopia cordis in a calf: a case report Abstract: A female Holstein Friesian calf with inferior cervical ectopia cordis was followed from the 16th day of age until euthanasia at the age of three months. The heart was located in the lower cervical region and was covered with skin. The calf was presented with normal heart and respiratory rate. A grade II/VI systolic murmur was audible at the heart base when the calf was checked for the first time, but this later disappeared. The ultrasonography revealed that the apex of the heart was directed cranio-ventrally with the left ventricle ventral and slightly to the right side while the right ventricle was dorsal. The results of complete blood count and biochemistry were inside reference intervals. At necropsy the heart was covered with normal pericardium and skin and displaced to the caudal part of the ventral cervical region, just cranial to an enlarged apertura thoracis cranialis. Additionally, the cranial lobes of the lungs were displaced through the enlarged thoracic aperture under the skin on the ventral part of the neck. In conclusion, we suspect that the deformed and enlarged cranial thoracic aperture enabled displacement of the heart and cranial lung lobes to the ventral neck region, because no other abnormalities of the heart and vessels were observed. This is the first case of cervical ectopia cordis reported in Slovenia and this article provides data regarding different aspects of the case (clinics, laboratory, pathomorphology) while also discussing previously published cases of ectopia cordis in cattle. Keywords: ectopic heart, bovine, congenital malformation, displacement of heart Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 224-228 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8824-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8824-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201604-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8824-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Gandini Author-Workplace-Name: University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy Author-Name: G. Giusto Author-Workplace-Name: University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy Author-Name: F. Comino Author-Workplace-Name: University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy Author-Name: M. Casalone Author-Workplace-Name: University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy Author-Name: C. Bellino Author-Workplace-Name: University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy Title: Closure of a recurrent bladder rupture in a calf by means of a peritoneal flap: a case report Abstract: An 11-month old, Piedmontese bullock was admitted to the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, for urolithiasis and suspected uroperitoneum owing to urinary bladder rupture. A first episode of uroperitoneum had been treated surgically one week previously. On admission, the animal underwent physical and haematological examination, followed by transabdominal ultrasonography and biochemical screening. Clinical and laboratory findings confirmed the recurrence of uroperitoneum, possibly secondary to the previously failed surgical approach. During surgery, urine leakage from the previously treated tear was clearly visible, together with a large necrotic area surrounding the tear. To close the defect, we created a peritoneal flap. For tissue approximation we used a continuous barbed suture material, which obviated the need for knots to secure the leading and terminal ends of the suture. Postoperative monitoring included transabdominal ultrasonography and biochemical profile tests, performed at 10 and 30 days after surgery. Two months after discharge, a telephone follow-up confirmed the positive outcome of the procedure. The creation of a peritoneal flap allows for effective sealing of a bladder tear with necrotic edges. The use of barbed suture greatly simplifies the entire procedure. Keywords: calf, soft tissue surgery, bladder surgery, peritoneal flap Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 229-232 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8825-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8825-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201604-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8825-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kandefer-Gola Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: M. Lazarczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: P. Kowalczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: M. Nowak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: R. Ciaputa Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: A. Drohobycka-Wawryka Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals "Parotka", Krakow, Poland Title: Mycobacteriosis of the red-lored amazon parrot: a case report Abstract: A two-year-old red-lored amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis) presented with progressive weight loss and general poor condition. In the radiograph a bounded egg was diagnosed, which was surgically removed under general anaesthesia. Two weeks later a fibrino-mucous cloacal discharge was observed. Clinical examination revealed a thickened structure along the left side of the cloaca. Bacterial culture was performed, in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth was demonstrated. Radiographs and blood examination showed no abnormalities. Despite treatment, no improvement in the bird's clinical condition was observed. The owner decided to euthanise the parrot. At autopsy a large tumour of the cloaca was disclosed. Microscopic examination of the lesion revealed a mycobacterial tubercle with numerous giant cells. In addition, Ziehl-Neelsen staining was performed and revealed numerous acid-resistant bacilli within the granulomatous lesions. Keywords: red-lored amazon, parrot, mycobacteriosis, diagnosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 233-236 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8826-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8826-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201604-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8826-VETMED