Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Tarkosova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M.M. Story Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia Author-Name: J.S. Rand Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia Author-Name: M. Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review Abstract: : Obesity is recognised as the most common multiffactorial nutritional disorder of pet cats. Studies from several countries have indicated that between 11.5% and 63% of cats are overweight or obese. Breed, age, sex, reproductive status, the pet-owner relationship, owners' perceptions of their cats' body condition, type of diet, frequency of feeding, and environment have all been identified as potential risk factors for the development of obesity in cats. Obesity has significant implications for feline health and welfare as it has mechanical and metabolic effects and can predispose cats to conditions such as diabetes mellitus type 2, hepatic lipidosis, lameness, oral cavity disease, urinary tract disease, dermatological disease, and neoplasia. An important aspect of preventing and managing obesity is the evaluation of body condition to determine ideal body weight and to formulate an appropriate weight loss plan. Several methods have been developed for this purpose. This review uses recent scientific literature to discuss various aspects of feline obesity, including its prevalence, proposed risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions, and methods of assessment. Keywords: overweight, obese, body condition, cat Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 295-307 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/145/2015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/145/2015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201606-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:6:id:145-2015-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Akkari Author-Workplace-Name: National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia Author-Name: F. B'chir Author-Workplace-Name: Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique-Pole Technologique de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia Author-Name: S. Hajaji Author-Workplace-Name: National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia Author-Name: M. Rekik Author-Workplace-Name: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Amman, Jordan Author-Name: E. Sebai Author-Workplace-Name: National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia Author-Name: H. Hamza Author-Workplace-Name: National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia Author-Name: M.A. Darghouth Author-Workplace-Name: National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia Author-Name: M. Gharbi Author-Workplace-Name: National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia Title: Potential anthelmintic effect of Capparis spinosa (Capparidaceae) as related to its polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity Abstract: Capparis spinosa is cultivated for several proprieties and the different parts of the plant (flower buds, fruits, leaf and seeds) have been employed in drugs, foods and cosmetics. This study aimed to explore the antioxidant potential effect and to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of an aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa. In vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts from the fresh leaves and flower buds of C. spinosa was measured by determining free radical-scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radical cations. In vitro anthelmintic activities against eggs and adult worms of Haemonchus contortus from sheep were investigated in comparison to albendazole. DPPH and ABTS activities of both aqueous extracts increased in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 values of aqueous extracts from fresh leaves, flowers buds and ascorbic acid in the DPPH radical scavenging assay were 101.40; 70.40 and 57.56 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values of aqueous extracts fresh leaves, flowers buds and ascorbic acid in the ABTS radical scavenging assay were 110; 87.89 and 58.17 μg/ml, respectively. Both plant extracts showed ovicidal activity at all tested concentrations. The aqueous extract from flower buds (IC50 = 2.76 mg/ml) showed higher inhibitory effects (P < 0.05) than aqueous extract from leaves (IC50 = 8.54 mg/ml) in the egg hatching assay. The aqueous extract from flower buds inhibited more worms than the aqueous extract from leaves at all tested concentrations. After 6 h of exposure, the highest tested concentrations of aqueous extracts from flower buds and leaves induced 100 and 41.66% inhibition of motility, respectively. These results show for the first time that C. spinosa possesses in vitro anthelmintic properties which may be related to its high content of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and tannins. Keywords: Capparis spinosa, free radical-scavenging ability, anthelmintic, Haemonchus contortus Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 308-316 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/169/2015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/169/2015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201606-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:6:id:169-2015-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Valpotic Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: S. Terzic Author-Workplace-Name: Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: S. Vince Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Samardzija Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: R. Turk Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: G. Lackovic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: B. Habrun Author-Workplace-Name: Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: D. Djuricic Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Practice, Djurdjevac, Croatia Author-Name: M. Sadikovic Author-Workplace-Name: Viridis Farm, Podpican, Croatia Author-Name: I. Valpotic Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Croatia Title: In-feed supplementation of clinoptilolite favourably modulates intestinal and systemic immunity and some production parameters in weaned pigs Abstract: The ban on dietary antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in swine production has focused increasing research efforts on the development of alternative feed supplements. One such alternative to AGP is the dietary zeolite clinoptilolite (CPL). The aims of this study were to evaluate, in weaned pigs, the effects of CPL on: (a) growth performance, (b) gut health (reduction of harmful bacteria and, incidence/severity of diarrhoea) and (c) circulating or ileal mucosal subsets of lymphoid immune cells, over the course of five weeks post weaning. The non-treated pigs received standard Phase 1 diet from Day 0 to 21 and Phase 2 diet from Day 22 to 35, whereas both diets of experimental pigs were supplemented with 0.5% CPL. The pigs receiving diet supplemented with CPL had significantly higher average daily gain at Day 28 but significantly lower daily gain at Day 35 of the experiment (P < 0.05). The CPL group exhibited non-significantly improved feed conversion ratio (1.83 vs. 2.17) for the total duration of the experiment (Day 0 to Day 35). Although shedding of haemolytic/enterotoxigenic E. coli was more frequent in the CPL group, the sum of their diarrhoea severity score was 12.96% lower (47 vs 54) than that of the non-treated controls. The proportions of circulating lymphoid cell subsets tested (CD45+, CD4+, CD21+), were significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) higher in CPL-treated pigs between Day 21 and Day 35 of the experiment. Immunohistology/morphometry of ileal segments revealed an increased recruitment of CD45RA+ cells in interfollicular (P < 0.05), but not in follicular areas of ileal PP of CPL-treated pigs at Day 35. In conclusion, CPL did not improve growth in weaned pigs, and generally it failed to improve their feed conversion efficiency. Further, it did not suppress faecal shedding of enterotoxigenic E. coli; however, it was shown to be effective as an immunomodulatory agent by promoting the recruitment of circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets. Keywords: clinoptilolite, immunomodulation, performance, bacterial counts, piglet Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 317-327 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/175/2015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/175/2015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201606-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:6:id:175-2015-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kaevska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Lorencova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Videnska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Sedlar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Provaznik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Trckova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effect of sodium humate and zinc oxide used in prophylaxis of post-weaning diarrhoea on faecal microbiota composition in weaned piglets Abstract: The aim of this study was to use high throughput sequencing of piglet faeces to investigate if the favourable effects of sodium humate (HNa) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) treatment are related to changes in the faecal microbiota. Twenty four piglets weaned at 28 days of age were divided into three groups with eight animals per pen: a control group without any treatment (Control), a group treated with 2500 mg ZnO (ZnO), and a group treated with 20 g sodium humate and 1700 mg ZnO (HNa + ZnO) per kg of diet. Piglets of all three groups were challenged with two enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains (ETEC/O149/F4/LT and ETEC/O147/F18/LT) on Day 4 post-weaning. As a result very intense and severe diarrhoea with high mortality developed in the ETEC-infected control group, while the ZnO and HNa + ZnO dietary treatments both protected piglets from clinical signs of diarrhoea, mortality and depression of growth performance. A higher relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria represented mainly by genus Escherichia on Day 10 post-weaning in faeces of the ETEC-infected control group in comparison with ZnO and HNa + ZnO was detected. On Day 21, the highest relative increase of beneficial lactobacilli was observed in the HNa + ZnO group. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation of the ETEC-infected control with the genera Turicibacter, Clostridium, Campylobacter, Dehalobacterium, Desulfuvibrio, Paludibacter and a negative correlation with the genera Prevotella, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Coprococcus. The opposite correlations with these genera were observed in the supplemented groups, especially in the HNa + ZnO group. The results indicate that dietary supplementation with HNa and ZnO affects the microbial composition of faeces while maintaining good health condition and growth performance of ETEC-infected weaned pigs. Keywords: dietary supplements, humic substances, zinc, bacterial community composition Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 328-336 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/54/2016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201606-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:6:id:54-2016-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.N. Araujo Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural of Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, Brazil Author-Name: G.B. Oliveira Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural of Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, Brazil Author-Name: A.V.N. Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural of Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, Brazil Author-Name: R.E.M. Oliveira Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural of Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, Brazil Author-Name: F.V. Camara Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural of Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, Brazil Author-Name: C.M. Oliveira Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural of Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, Brazil Author-Name: F.V.F. Bezerra Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural of Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, Brazil Author-Name: M.F. Oliveira Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural of Semi-Arid University, Mossoro, Brazil Title: Origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in the Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) (Rodentia, Caviidae) Abstract: Due to the absence of literature on the brachial plexus in the Spix's yellow-toothed cavy, this study was conducted to examine the origin and neural distribution of this rodent's brachial plexus. Ten adult animals obtained from previous experiments were thawed, fixed in 10% formalin solution for 72 h and then dissected. Cotton blocks soaked in 2% hydrogen peroxide were placed on the ventral roots of the plexus. Photographs of the most representative specimens were taken and schematic sketches were prepared to illustrate the results. The Spix's yellow-toothed cavy's brachial plexus primarily originated from the ventral roots of the sixth (C6), seventh (C7) and eighth (C8) cervical nerves and from the first two thoracic nerves (T1, T2), and less frequently from C6-T1 or C6-T3. The peripheral nerve trunks of the Spix's yellow-toothed cavy's brachial plexus are the following: suprascapularis (C6-C7), axillaris (C6-C7), subscapulares (C6-C7), cranial pectoral (C6-C7), musculocutaneous (C7-C8), radialis (C7-T2), medianus (C7-T2), ulnaris (C7-T2), pectorales caudales (C7-C8), thoracicus longus (C7-C8), thoracicus lateralis (C7-T2) and thoracodorsalis (C7-T2). Keywords: anatomy, brachial plexus, nervous system, rodent, Galea spixii Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 337-343 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/206/2015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/206/2015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201606-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:6:id:206-2015-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Koenhemsi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: S. Toydemir Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: M. Ucmak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: R. Gonul Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: M.E. Or Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Title: Evaluation of early renal disease in bitches with pyometra based on renal doppler measurements Abstract: Pyometra is a widely detected, chronic infection of the uterus. One of the complications of this infection is renal disease. Kidney biopsy, urinary biomarkers and blood tests were done to detect pyometra-associated renal disease. To our knowledge, no reports are available describing values for renal Doppler measurements in the bitches with pyometra. Doppler ultrasonography is a relatively new method used for evaluation of the renal diseases. The aims of this study were to determine whether renal vascular resistance does increase in dogs with pyometra and to make an early diagnosis of renal disease in dogs with pyometra. Eighteen bitches diagnosed with pyometra and ten healthy bitches were evaluated. Mean values for renal resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were 0.65 ± 0.02 and 1.73 ± 0.09 for dogs with pyometra; 0.55 ± 0.03 and 1.18 ± 0.03 for the healthy ones, respectively. Of these, four animals had increased RI values and fourteen had an increased PI level. In conclusion, renal vascular resistance determined by renal RI and PI, was increased in some dogs with pyometra. In early detection of the disease intrarenal PI values were more sensitive than intrarenal RI. Keywords: renal doppler ultrasonography, pyometra, dog Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 344-347 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/207/2015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/207/2015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201606-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:6:id:207-2015-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Ahn Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S. Jeong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: H. Yoon Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Title: Repair of flail chest using interfragmentary wiring and stability augmentation with basket-weave fashion sutures in a toy breed dog: a case report Abstract: We report here the clinical presentation and successful surgical management of flail chest caused by bite wounds in a toy breed dog. Surgery was decided on, based on physical, radiographic and computed tomography (CT) examination findings which included thorax deformity, inward displacement of the end of a fractured rib and suspected lung injuries. Interfragmentary wiring, basket-weave fashion sutures and latissimus dorsi flap for thoracic wall reconstruction were performed to correct the flail chest and augment the thoracic wall stability. There was no evidence of respiratory distress 16 months post-operatively. This is the first case report describing detailed clinical information together with computed tomography evaluation and a successful surgical procedure to correct flail chest in a toy breed dog using interfragmentary wiring and basket-weave fashion sutures. Keywords: rib fracture, chest wall, scaffolding, bite wound Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 348-352 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/33/2016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/33/2016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201606-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:6:id:33-2016-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Oh Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: K. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y. Choi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: E. Jung Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y. Jung Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: J. Jung Author-Workplace-Name: May Animal Medical Center, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: M. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: N. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y. Cho Author-Workplace-Name: College of Health sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: K. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Title: A challenging radiographic diagnosis - extraluminal leiomyoma of the oesophagus in a small-sized dog: a case report Abstract: An 11-year-old, intact male Maltese dog presented with a history of vomiting and regurgitation. On plain radiographs, a caudodorsal thoracic mass was identified, and there were no radiographic signs frequently associated with an oesophageal mass. An oesophagram with fluoroscopy showed no classical signs of an oesophageal mass such as an irregular mucosal surface, a filling defect, or decreased ability of the lumen to pass contrast medium through the oesophageal lumen. A mass of pulmonary or mediastinal origin rather than of oesophageal origin was suggested. During the operation for mass removal, a gross connection between the suspected mass and the adventitia of the distal oesophagus was identified; thus, excision of the extraluminal mass was performed from the outer oesophageal wall. Histopathology confirmed the mass to be an oesophageal leiomyoma. This case highlights that the differentiation of an extraluminal oesophageal mass from other masses of mediastinal or lung origin can be challenging with radiographs and oesophagram alone. Even when the radiographic signs are not suggestive of an oesophageal mass, an extraluminal oesophageal mass should be considered. Keywords: dog, oesophagus, leiomyoma, oesophagram, mediastinal mass Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 353-356 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/230/2015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/230/2015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201606-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:6:id:230-2015-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Hayati Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran Author-Name: M.S. Ahrari-Khafi Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran Author-Name: M. Hassankhani Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran Author-Name: M. Mansourian Author-Workplace-Name: Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Shiraz, Iran Author-Name: S. Asghari Author-Workplace-Name: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Title: A rare radiographic appearance of a calcified uterus in a queen with pyometra: a case report Abstract: This report describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a queen with open pyometra. Lethargy, anorexia and previous treatment failure were the main reasons resulting in referral for diagnostic evaluation. The history, haematological and biochemical profiles and abdominal radiographs revealed open pyometra. Following ovariohysterectomy and antibiotic therapy there was total resolution of clinical signs. Histopathology of the uterus showed severe calcification. The unique part of this report was the rare appearance of multiple opacities in the radiographs. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of radiographic opacities in a domestic short-haired queen with open pyometra. Keywords: queen, pyometra, radiology, uterus, calcification Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 357-360 Volume: 61 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/167/2015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/167/2015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201606-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:6:id:167-2015-VETMED