Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Mora-Medina Author-Workplace-Name: Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Livestock Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico Author-Name: A. Orihuela-Trujillo Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture and Livestock Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico Author-Name: E. Arch-Tirado Author-Workplace-Name: Neurobiology Service, National Rehabilitation Institute, Mexico City, Mexico Author-Name: P. Roldan-Santiago Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Welfare Department, University of the Mexican Valley, Mexico City, Mexico Author-Name: A. Terrazas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Livestock Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico Author-Name: D. Mota-Rojas Author-Workplace-Name: Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico Title: Sensory factors involved in mother-young bonding in sheep: a review Abstract: The aim of this review is to discuss sensory recognition (olfaction, vision, vocalisation, hearing and direct contact) in relation to the ewe-lamb bond, and the relevance of this information for animal management, considering that sensory recognition between ewes and their offspring is a key element of lamb welfare. In some parental care strategies, parents promote recognition of their own young in order to ensure their survival by providing them - and only them - with food, while the young simultaneously learn features of the environment. In the specific case of sheep, mother-young bonding is established during the sensitive period of the first 4 h after birth. The ewe prints a distinctive signal on her lambs that marks her as the legitimate mother, while stimulating the offspring's learning processes through olfactory, visual and acoustic cues. However, the sensory basis for proximal recognition of lambs changes over time as they learn to recognise the signals emitted by the mother. After 4 h - or less - the ewe becomes maternally selective; this means that she accepts only her own lambs at the udder, while actively rejecting alien newborns. Likewise, newborn lambs develop a preference for their mothers in less than one day. This preference is regulated by the difference between the acceptance behaviour manifested by the lamb's own mother and the aggressive rejecting behaviour shown by alien ewes. This early discriminative ability allows the lamb to avoid the aggressive actions of alien dams and maintain close contact with its own lactating mother. At around one week of age, lambs learn to develop the sensory cues that allow them to recognize their mother. These include olfactory, visual, acoustic and tactile information. Mutual ewe-lamb recognition at an early age also ensures that newborns will be fed and cared for by their own mother, which satisfies some of the requirements for their survival and welfare. For all these reasons, any disruption of ewe-lamb bonding during parturition is detrimental to lamb welfare and survival. Keywords: ewe-lamb bond, welfare, recognition, olfactory, vocalisation, vision Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 595-611 Volume: 61 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/255/2014-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/255/2014-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201611-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:11:id:255-2014-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Zajac Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary and Food Institute Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: S. Zubricka Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary and Food Institute Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Capla Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agriculture University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Zelenakova Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agriculture University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Fluorescence microscopy methods for the determination of somatic cell count in raw cow's milk Abstract: The direct fluorescence microscopy method with ethidium bromide staining can be used for somatic cell counting in raw cow's milk. However, this method has some limitations that may influence the results of the analysis. We therefore aimed at improving the procedure of somatic cell nuclei staining. We tested the hypothesis that ethidium bromide can better penetrate into the DNA of cells with degraded somatic cell walls or into dead cells. Therefore, we increased the temperature of the sample to 100 °C in order to disrupt the somatic cell wall membrane and to improve ethidium bromide penetration to somatic cell nuclei. In all, 90 samples of raw cow's milk were analysed in this experiment. Three parallel measurements were performed using each of the microscopic methods and the routine flow cytometry method. In all, 810 microscopic smears were analysed. The somatic cells were counted using fluorescence microscopic methods and flow cytometry. The increased temperature during the sample preparation improved (P < 0.005) the penetration of ethidium bromide into the somatic cell nuclei. It is concluded that the direct fluorescence microscopy method is suitable for precise laboratory analysis of somatic cell in raw cow's milk. Keywords: microscopy, cow milk, fluorescence, flow cytometry, temperature, somatic cell, wall, DMSCC Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 612-622 Volume: 61 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/222/2015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/222/2015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201611-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:11:id:222-2015-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Casamassima Author-Workplace-Name: University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy Author-Name: F. Vizzarri Author-Workplace-Name: University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy Author-Name: M. Nardoia Author-Workplace-Name: University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy Author-Name: M. Palazzo Author-Workplace-Name: University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy Title: The effect of water-restriction on various physiological variables in intensively reared Lacaune ewes Abstract: The effects of water restriction on rectal temperature, respiratory rate and selected blood variables in intensively reared Lacaune ewes were evaluated. The tests were carried out over the course of 28 days in spring on 30 lactating sheep divided into three groups of 10 animals each, matched by lactation status and body weight and allocated into individual boxes. The animal groups were as follows: control group W100 with drinking water for the whole day (24 h/24 h), while the two experimental groups each received 80% (W80 group) and 60% (W60 group) of the water ration of the control group, respectively. The feed, in according with physiological and production needs of the animals, was administered in three daily meals (08:00, 14:00 and 20:00 h). Water intake was recorded three times per day (at 08:00, 14:00 and 20:00 h) and the daily feed intake at 08:00 h, while the rectal temperature, respiratory rate were measured and blood samplings were carried out on Day 0, Day 14 and Day 28. In water-restriction groups (W80 and W60) a lower (P < 0.01) feed intake of meadow hay, and a lower ingestion of alfalfa hay pellet in the W60 group compared to W100 group were observed. In addition, the water restriction regimen resulted in a significant decrease of respiratory rate (P < 0.05) and an increase in serum total protein, urea, creatinine, sodium, chlorine, reactive oxygen metabolites, cortisol, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (P < 0.05), red blood cell counts, and haematocrit (P < 0.01). These results show the important role of water, as limiting factor for animal breeding in low-water availability environments. Where possible, the management of low-dairy breeds should be well adapted to support the productive performance. Keywords: Ovis aries, water stress, blood metabolites, adaptation Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 623-634 Volume: 61 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/144/2015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/144/2015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201611-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:11:id:144-2015-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Rauser Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Mrazova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Zapletalova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Influence of dexmedetomidine-propofol-isoflurane and medetomidine-propofol-isoflurane on intraocular pressure and pupil size in healthy dogs Abstract: The present prospective, randomised, double-blinded clinical study was designed to investigate the commonly used anaesthetic combinations of dexmedetomidine-propofol-isoflurane and medetomidine-propofol-isoflurane on intraocular pressure and pupil size in dogs. Forty client-owned healthy dogs with no ocular abnormalities, average body weight of 25.7 ± 13.1 kg (mean ± SD) and aged 3.7 ± 2.7 years, were enrolled. Twenty four males and 16 females were included. Dogs were allocated randomly to receive dexmedetomidine i.v. at 0.005 mg/kg, dexmedetomidine at 0.01 mg/kg, medetomidine at 0.01 mg/kg or medetomidine at 0.02 mg/kg. Ten minutes later anaesthesia was induced in all dogs with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen-air. Intraocular pressure, pupil size, heart rate, respiratory frequency and arterial blood pressures (SAP, DAP) were measured prior to (baseline) and at 10 (before propofol), 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after dexmedetomidine or medetomidine administration. Oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (SpO2) and end-tidal CO2 concentration (EtCO2) was monitored following anaesthesia induction. Data were analysed using Anderson-Darling and Bartlett's tests for data distribution and homogeneity of variance confirmation and ANOVA followed by Dunnett's tests for multiple comparisons. Changes were considered significant when P < 0.05. Following drug administration, pupil size, heart rate and respiratory frequency decreased significantly within groups, but did not differ between groups. No significant changes in intraocular pressure, SAP and DAP within and between groups, and SpO2 or EtCO2 between groups, were observed. Comparable doses of dexmedetomidine or medetomidine combined with propofol and isoflurane induced reductions in pupil size, respiratory frequency and heart rate, however, without a significant influence on intraocular pressure or arterial blood pressure. Keywords: alpha-2 agonist, premedication, eye, ophthalmology Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 635-642 Volume: 61 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/115/2016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/115/2016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201611-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:11:id:115-2016-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F.A.A. Abdullah Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Buchtova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of qualitative and quantitative properties of the wings, necks and offal of chicken broilers from organic and conventional production systems Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate qualitative and quantitative properties of wings, offal (liver, heart and gizzard) and necks of chickens from organic and conventional production systems, currently available on the market for Czech consumers. Production properties (yield and weight), surface colour (lightness, redness, yellowness) and chemical indicators (dry matter, total protein, net protein, collagen, hydroxyproline, fat, ash and phosphorus) were evaluated in fresh chicken broilers. Conventionally produced chickens had higher carcass yields but higher wing yields and weights were observed in organic broilers. The skin, bones, tip (left wings) and the meat with skin (right wings) of organic broilers were heavier (P < 0.05) than those of conventional chickens. The dry matter and total protein content of deboned organic broiler wings (meat with skin) was greater (P < 0.01) than those of conventional wings. Similarly as for yields, the offal (heart, gizzard) and necks of organic chickens had significantly (P < 0.01) higher weights in comparison with conventional chickens. Colour indicators showed that the external surface of the livers, necks and gizzards (muscle) from organic chickens were darker (lightness; P < 0.01). Total protein content in livers, hearts and necks of organic chickens was greater; fat content in the livers and necks of organic broilers was also higher (P < 0.05) than those of conventional broilers. The ash and phosphorus in the necks of conventional broilers was higher (P < 0.05) than in organic chickens. This study indicates that the quantity and quality of offal and neck from organic broilers are slightly superior compared to conventional chickens. Keywords: meat quality, broiler, chemical indicators, liver, heart, gizzard Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 643-651 Volume: 61 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/286/2015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/286/2015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201611-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:61:y:2016:i:11:id:286-2015-VETMED