Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.R. El-Ashker Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Author-Name: M.G. El-Sebaei Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Author-Name: H.G. Aamer Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Research Facility, Urology and Nephrology Centre, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Title: The influence of experimentally-induced endotoxaemia on clinical variables and markers of systemic inflammation in donkeys (Equus asinus) Abstract: In view of the frequent involvement of endotoxins in the pathogenesis of equine diseases, the present study set out to gain preliminary insight into the challenge caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in donkeys and into the responses of animals to LPS challenge. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the susceptibility and response of donkeys to LPS administration and the first to describe the extent to which donkeys can tolerate a state of endotoxaemia. For this purpose, 18 clinically healthy, native breed donkeys were randomly allocated into three groups of equal size. The first and second groups received E. coli O55:B5 endotoxin at a dose rate of 20 ng/kg (Low dose group), and 5.0 µg/kg (High dose group), respectively, after dilution in 500 ml of 0.9% normal saline, while the third group (Control) received 500 ml of 0.9% isotonic saline solution. Blood samples were drawn from each animal before exposure to LPS and hourly for 6 h subsequently to measure the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines as well as the cellular response. All animals were clinically monitored throughout the study period. Following LPS exposure, donkeys in both treated groups had quite different temporal patterns of clinical manifestations. The high dose of LPS yielded a statistically significant (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) increase in heart rate, and respiratory rate, as well as hypothermia and poor outcome compared with animals receiving the low dose. The severity of colic was, in general, mild in donkeys receiving the low dose of LPS, while the signs were overt in those receiving the high dose. Donkeys of both treated groups exhibited marked cellular alterations and up-regulation of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 with a marginal increase in the values of serum amyloid A compared with controls (P < 0.05). The results described herein demonstrate that donkeys can respond to even a physiological dose of E. coli O55:B5 endotoxin, while a high dose can elicit overt clinical alterations and marked inflammatory responses. Further studies with an extended follow-up time are needed to verify and generalise the obtained findings and to evaluate novel medications to minimise the deleterious consequences of endotoxaemia in equine patients. Keywords: donkeys, lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O55:B5, cytokine response, haematology, heart rate, respiratory rate, colic Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 117-124 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/133/2016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/133/2016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201703-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:62:y:2017:i:3:id:133-2016-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E.C. Colakoglu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: A.E. Haydardedeoglu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey Author-Name: H. Alihosseini Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: A. Hayirli Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Title: Efficacy of single-dose ceftriaxone versus multiple-dose enrofloxacin in dogs with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection: a randomised clinical trial Abstract: Dogs with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (LUTI) are usually treated with appropriate antibiotics for 10-14 days. In humans, a single dose of ceftriaxone is employed in the treatment of uncomplicated LUTI. The purpose of the current study was to compare the efficacy of a single dose of ceftriaxone with multiple dose (14 days) enrofloxacin administration in dogs with uncomplicated LUTI. Forty-seven non-pregnant client-owned dogs with LUTI signs were enrolled in this prospective, controlled, randomised, blinded clinical trial. The inclusion criteria were the presence of at least one type of bacteria greater than or equal to 1000 CFU/ml in each urine sample. Dogs were assigned randomly to Group ENR (n = 23) enrofloxacin treatment (5 mg/kg, s.c., s.i.d., for 14 days) and Group CEF (n = 20) ceftriaxone treatment (25 mg/kg, i.v., once). The time needed for disappearance of clinical signs ranged from 4-9 days and 1-5 days for Group ENR and Group CEF, respectively. Clinical signs significantly improved earlier in Group CEF than in Group ENR (P < 0.0001). Urine culture with less than or equal to 1000 CFU/ml was achieved on Days 17-21 after the first day of treatment in all dogs. Although a single dose of ceftriaxone can be considered as an alternative treatment to alleviate the signs of uncomplicated LUTI in dogs, its status as drug of last resort is a limiting factor for its extensive use in clinical practice. Keywords: antibiotherapy, canine, haematuria, stranguria, urine Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 125-130 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/23/2016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/23/2016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201703-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:62:y:2017:i:3:id:23-2016-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China Author-Name: J.N. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China Author-Name: L. Luan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China Author-Name: W. Guan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China Author-Name: X.Y. Hu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China Author-Name: H.G. Fan Title: Comparison of the effects of nefopam and tramadol on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy Abstract: Relieving perioperative pain can reduce postoperative suffering and improve recovery from anaesthesia in animals. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of nefopam and tramadol in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Twenty-four adult mixed-breed female dogs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8) and received their respective treatments immediately after surgery: Group T (2 mg/kg tramadol, i.v.), Group C (1 mg/kg nefopam, i.v.) and Group D (2 mg/kg nefopam, i.v.). The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured and the level of analgesia was assessed using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). The CMPS-SF was performed at least two days before premedication (baseline), every 2 h for the first 8 h (post-extubation), at 12 h and at 24 h. Results showed that the HR in all groups was significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 2 and 6 h than at baseline. The RR in Group T was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 0 and 2 h than at baseline. Rescue analgesia (0.2 mg/kg morphine, i.v.) was provided if CMPS-SF pain scores greater than or equal to six. Four dogs required rescue analgesia: one dog in Group T at 2 h and three dogs in Group C at 2 and 6 h. No dogs in Group D required rescue analgesia. The CMPS-SF pain scores of dogs in Group C were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in Group T at 6, 8 and 12 h. The scores in Group D were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in Group C at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h. The scores in Group D were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in Group T at 2 and 4 h. However, the scores in Group D were not significantly different compared with Group T. In conclusion, this study suggests that nefopam at 2 mg/kg i.v. produces better postoperative analgesia compared with tramadol at 2 mg/kg i.v. or nefopam at 1 mg/kg i.v. in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Keywords: postoperative analgesia, dogs, nefopam, tramadol, ovariohysterectomy Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 131-137 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/53/2016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/53/2016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201703-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:62:y:2017:i:3:id:53-2016-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Mitkova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: CEITEC-VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hrazdilova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: CEITEC-VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Novotna Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA Author-Name: J. Jurankova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Hofmannova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Forejtek Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Central European Institute of Game Ecology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Modry Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: CEITEC-VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Title: Autochthonous Babesia canis, Hepatozoon canis and imported Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs in the Czech Republic Abstract: The epidemiology of tick-borne diseases as well as the ecology of the associated tick vectors is currently undergoing dynamic change. Canine babesiosis has, to date, only been reported in the Czech Republic as an imported disease, despite the presence of an established population of D. reticulatus in the South Moravian region. A recent report of autochthonous H. canis in dogs indicates that the spectrum of tick-borne diseases in dogs in the Czech Republic may be broader than previously expected and that a survey of a large set of dogs may be required. The aim of the present study was to survey the spectrum of tick-borne apicomplexan parasites infecting dogs in the Czech Republic and to assess the autochthonous character of detected infections. In the present study, we surveyed the spectrum of tick-borne protists in 418 dogs in the Czech Republic using PCR-based detection of the 18S rDNA gene of piroplasms and H. canis. We confirmed the presence of H. canis (4%), B. canis (1%, including the autochthonous cases) and a single imported case of B. gibsoni (0.2%) infection in sampled animals. Our results indicate that these pathogens deserve closer attention from veterinarian practitioners. Keywords: tick-borne diseases, apicomplexan parasites, PCR detection, 18S rDNA Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 138-146 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/152/2016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/152/2016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201703-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:62:y:2017:i:3:id:152-2016-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C.C. Perez-Marin Author-Name: E. Jimenez Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: E.I. Aguera Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Title: Effects of epididymis cold storage on frozen-thawed epididymal sperm quality in tomcats (Felis catus) Abstract: The effect of cold storage of testes and epididymides at 4 °C for 12 h on the cryopreservation capacity of epididymal feline sperm was evaluated. Ten domestic cats were castrated, and testes and epididymides collected. Specimens were randomly assigned to two groups: in Group A, epididymal samples were immediately processed and frozen in 0.25-ml straws; in Group B, both testes and epididymides were maintained in saline at 4 °C for 12 h and sperm was then processed and frozen. Motility, morphology, acrosome status, sperm viability and DNA integrity were assessed in epididymal sperm samples before freezing (baseline), at thawing (0 h) and 6 h post-thawing (6 h). Although values were lower in Group B, no significant intergroup difference was observed for any of the parameters tested either at baseline or at 0 h. However, significantly higher values (P < 0.05) were observed in Group A at 6 h for total sperm motility (29.0 ± 2.4% vs 13.0 ± 4.3%), sperm viability (35.2 ± 5.4% vs 15.4 ± 1.4%) and normal morphology (47.6 ± 0.8% vs 40.0 ± 2.1%). It was observed that motility and acrosome status of epididymal sperm are the most sensitive parameters when both types of sperm samples (from fresh epididymis or from 12 h cold-stored epididymis) are frozen-thawed. When sperm quality was assessed 6 h after thawing, spermatozoa precooled in the epididymides showed significantly lower values for motility, viability and morphology than spermatozoa from fresh epididymal samples. Keywords: feline, spermatozoa, cryopreservation, cooling Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 147-152 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/253/2015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/253/2015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201703-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:62:y:2017:i:3:id:253-2015-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Modra Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Bartos Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Hribova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Ulmann Author-Workplace-Name: Public Health Institute Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Hubelova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Konecny Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Gersl Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kudelka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Voros Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Detection of mycobacteria in the environment of the Moravian Karst (Bull Rock Cave and the relevant water catchment area): the impact of water sediment, earthworm castings and bat guano Abstract: The presence of mycobacteria was studied in Bull Rock Cave ("Byci skala") and the water catchment area of Jedovnice Brook ("Jedovnicky potok") using direct microscopy after Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, culture examination and molecular techniques. Mycobacteria were detected in 47.1% of a total of 68 samples. The mycobacterial genes hsp65 and dnaA were detected and sequenced in 37 (74.0%) out of the 50 cave environmental samples and in 10 (55.6%) out of the 18 samples of water catchment sediments. Nine species of slowly growing mycobacteria (M. terrae, M. arupense, M. gordonae, M. lentiflavum, M. parascrofulaceum, M. parmense, M. saskatchewanense, M. simiae and M. xenopi) and two subsp. (M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. hominissuis) were detected. Fourteen species of rapidly growing mycobacteria (M. chelonae, M. chubuense, M. poriferae, M. flavescens, M. fortuitum, M. porcinum, M. rhodesiae, M. gilvum, M. goodii, M. peregrinum, M. mageritense, M. vanbaalenii, M. gadium and M. insubricum) were detected. The highest mycobacterial presence was documented by ZN staining and/or culture examinations in earthworm castings and bat guano (73.3% positivity out of the 15 samples) in the cave environment and in the water sediments collected under the outflow from the wastewater treatment plants (77.8% positivity out of nine samples). The highest total organic carbon (TOC) was detected in wooden material and earthworm castings with pH values between 5.0 and 7.7 in the cave environment and in water sediments collected under the outflow from the wastewater treatment plants with pH between 5.8 and 7.0. It could be concluded that the karst cave environment with its running surface water contaminated with different microorganisms or chemical substances creates favourable conditions not only for animals (especially earthworms) but also for mycobacteria. This fact is also demonstrated by the presence of these mycobacteria in the cave environment mainly in earthworm castings and bat guano. Keywords: bat faeces, environmentally derived mycobacteria, potentially pathogenic mycobacteria, ecology, geomycobacteriology, biospeleology, cave fauna, epidemiology Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 153-168 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/126/2016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/126/2016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201703-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:62:y:2017:i:3:id:126-2016-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T.H. Chung Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Joongbu University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S.W. Yi Author-Workplace-Name: Bio-safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: B.S. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Bio-safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: W.I. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Bio-safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: G.W. Shin Author-Workplace-Name: Bio-safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Title: Identification and antibiotic resistance profiling of bacterial isolates from septicaemic soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) Abstract: The present study sought to identify pathogens associated with septicaemia in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) and to characterise antibiotic resistance in these pathogens. Twenty-three isolates recovered from the livers of diseased soft-shelled turtles were genetically identified as Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 8), A. veronii (n = 3), Citrobacter freundii (n = 4), Morganella morganii (n = 3), Edwardsiella tarda (n = 2), Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica (n = 1), Chryseobacterium sp. (n = 1), and Comamonas sp. (n = 1). Most isolates (n = 21) were resistant to ampicillin whereas a low percentage of isolates was susceptible to aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin). PCR assays and sequence analysis revealed the presence of the qnrS2 and blaTEM antibiotic resistance genes in all isolates. The blaDHA-1, blaCTX-M-14 and blaCMY-2 genes were harboured by 17.4% (n = 4), 13.5% (n = 3) and 8.7% (n = 2) of the strains, respectively. One or more tetracycline resistance genes were detected in 60.9% (n = 14) of the isolates. Four isolates (17.4%) harboured single or multiple class 1 integron cassettes. Collectively, a variety of bacterial pathogens were involved in the occurrence of septicaemia in Chinese soft-shelled turtles and most of the isolates had multi-antibiotic resistant phenotypes. To our knowledge, the present report is the first to identify W. chitiniclastica and Comamonas sp. as causes of septicaemia in soft-shelled turtles and the first to identify Aeromonas spp. with blaCTX-M-14 and blaDHA-1 resistance genes. Keywords: pet, ulcer disease, liver, lesions, septicaemia, antibiotic resistance Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 169-177 Volume: 62 Issue: 3 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/65/2016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/65/2016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201703-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:62:y:2017:i:3:id:65-2016-VETMED