Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Bzdil Author-Workplace-Name: State Veterinary Institute Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Holy Author-Workplace-Name: Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Toporcak Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic Title: Gram-negative aerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from pathological processes and lesions of horses Abstract: The pathogenicity of bacterial strains isolated from pathological processes and lesions of horses, strategies for their treatment and the choice of appropriate antimicrobials are frequently a challenging problem for private veterinarians who seek help in our laboratory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to map genera and species of Gram-negative aerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from pathological processes in horses and to identify the most effective antimicrobial agents for therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility. Between 2009 and 2014 a total of 449 clinical samples (n = 449) were examined; 229 (51%) of them were obtained from the respiratory tract, 121 (27%) from the skin, 40 (8.9%) from the digestive tract, 40 (8.9%) from the eyes, eight (1.8%) from the urinary system, six (1.3%) from the musculoskeletal system, four (0.9%) from the lymphatic system and one (0.2%) from milk. The examination was performed using conventional microbiological culture methods. The identification of isolates was confirmed using MALDI-TOF molecular phenotyping (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Bremen, Germany). From the 276 Gram-negative isolates (prevalence of 61.5%), the most frequently detected strains were Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Actinobacillus spp. with prevalence rates of 7.6%, 6.7%, 6.7%, 6.0% and 5.8%. In addition, another 20 genera of microorganisms were detected. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using the disc diffusion method. The most effective agents were gentamicin (94.1%), enrofloxacin (91.7%), colistin (87.0%), florfenicol (86.2%), neomycin (85.5%), streptomycin (82.4%) and tetracycline (78.5%). A good knowledge of the spectrum of bacterial species participating in pathological processes and lesions in horses and their antimicrobial susceptibility may be of great importance not only in treatment but also in deciding which prophylactic antibiotics to administer after surgical interventions. Keywords: prevalence, pathogenicity, clinical, immunity, barrier, susceptibility, effective, therapy Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 55-62 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/117/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/117/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201802-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:2:id:117-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Szymanski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Author-Name: L. Olewnik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Author-Name: G. Wysiadecki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Author-Name: A. Przygocka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Angiology, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Author-Name: M. Polguj Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Angiology, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Author-Name: M. Topol Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Title: Proposal for a new classification of the renal artery in the bovine kidney Abstract: Proper vascularisation is necessary for the correct functioning of all organs. The kidneys of various mammalian species have been examined in order to understand the functioning of this organ. This article presents the first classification of the renal artery division in the kidneys of adult cattle. We collected and analysed specimens of arteries from bovine kidneys with the aim of improving our understanding of their morphology and functioning. The study was conducted on 50 kidneys, 25 right ones and 25 left ones, taken from cattle of both sexes. The examined kidneys were dissected and corrosion casts were made. Division of the renal artery into between two and four primary segmental arteries takes place just before entering the renal hilum. Cranial primary segmental arteries number from one to two (most frequently one), whereas the hilar and caudal ones always occur singly. The mentioned vessels are then divided into between one and four secondary segmental arteries running within the renal sinus. The hilar region (mid-zone) of the kidney exhibits the most variation in terms of vascularisation. The vascularisation of the caudal pole exhibits the lowest degree of variation. Taking into consideration the range of vascularisation of the organ by the particular divisions of the renal artery, three renal branching pattern types were distinguished: type I (84.1% of cases; this type consists of Ia, Ib, Ic and Ic subtypes) - two branches - the renal artery is divided into cranial and caudal primary segmental arteries; type II (11.36% of cases; with IIa and IIb subtypes) - three branches - the renal artery is divided into the cranial, hilar and caudal primary segmental arteries; type III (4.54% of cases) - four branches - the renal artery is divided into two cranial, one hilar and one caudal primary segmental artery. The division of the renal artery takes place along the long axis of the organ. Bovine kidneys are characterised by asymmetry, which may influence the length and diameter of the main arteries. The caudal primary segmental artery has the biggest mean length and mean diameter. The division of the renal artery occurs just before it enters the renal hilum or in the renal sinus. Keywords: cattle, cow, adult, artery division, branching pattern, corrosion casts, blood supply Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 63-72 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/130/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/130/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201802-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:2:id:130-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Hofmannova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Mikes Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Jedlickova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Pokorny Author-Workplace-Name: Zoological and Botanical Garden Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: StarVet, Stary Plzenec, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Unusual cases of Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis in naturally infected animals in the Czech Republic Abstract: The tapeworm Taenia crassiceps has an indirect life cycle. Occasionally, metacestode stages have been reported from aberrant hosts as dogs, cats, lemurs and humans. This study describes an unusual series of serious cysticercosis cases: an 18-month-old male Yorkshire terrier dog with pleural cysticercosis accompanied by a cough, a 10-year-old male Shih Tzu dog with subcutaneous cysticercosis as well as a Cape ground squirrel and a Senegal bushbaby, both with generalised cysticercosis. Surgery was successful only in the Shih Tzu. The Yorkshire terrier died a few hours after surgery, while the Cape ground squirrel was euthanised and the Senegal bushbaby died before surgery. Cysticerci from the four cases were identified morphologically and using molecular methods. Fragments of genes coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 were sequenced for each of the four isolates. Their affiliation to T. crassiceps was confirmed by comparison with the sequence data of other isolates available in the GenBank database. In general, the comparison of sequences of all isolates showed low variability in nucleotide composition (at most five positions). The cases from captive zoo animals represent the first findings of T. crassiceps in the Cape ground squirrel and Senegal bushbaby. The optimal treatment of cysticercosis caused by T. crassiceps remains unclear. Successful attempts usually include extensive surgical interventions and prolonged anthelmintic treatment. Chemotherapeutic options are limited. Although regular deworming targeting intestinal helminths of dogs is not effective against T. crassiceps cysticerci, it may help to prevent contamination of the environment by tapeworm eggs contained in dog faeces and reduce the risk of infection for susceptible animals and humans. Keywords: tapeworm, metacestode, dog, Xerus inauris, Galago senegalensis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 73-80 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/82/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/82/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201802-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:2:id:82-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Oh Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S. Sung Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S. Lim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y. Jung Author-Workplace-Name: Research Promotion Team, Office of Research Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y. Cho Author-Workplace-Name: College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: K. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Title: Restrainer exposure to scatter radiation in practical small animal radiography measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters Abstract: This study was aimed at estimating restrainer exposure to scatter radiation in veterinary radiography using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) in different positions, and at different anatomic regions. A prospective study was conducted to measure exposure dose of two restrainers: A (cathode side) and B (anode side), and an observer C (at a 1-meter distance from the X-ray table) over two months. Protective devices included panorama mask, thyroid shield and arm shield. TLDs were placed on the inside and outside of the protective gear at five different anatomic sites (eye, thyroid, breast, gonad and arm). The study data consisted of 778 exposures, 82 patients (78 dogs, four cats), a mean kVp of 58.7 and a mean mAs of 11.4. The doses (outside the shield/inside the shield, in mSv) measured by restrainers A, B and C were eye (3.04/0.42), (2.29/0.17), (0.55/0.01), thyroid (2.93/0.01), (1.97/0.01), (0.19/0.01), breast (1.01/0.04), (0.73/0.01), (0.32/0.01), gonad (0.07/0.01), (0.01/0.01), (0.16/0.01) and arm (2.81/1.43), (1.17/0.01), (0.08/0.01), respectively. This study describes the extent of occupational radiation exposure in small animal radiography. The exposure dose for eyes outside lead protection showed the highest value in all participants. With lead protection, the reduction in the exposure dose of eyes was significant (A: 86%, B: 93%, C: 98%), and the highest reduction was 99% in the thyroid region. These results suggest the necessity of radiation shields in manual restraint, particularly for eye protection. Keywords: veterinary radiography, thermoluminescent dosimeter, radiation exposure, eye protection Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 81-86 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/115/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/115/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201802-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:2:id:115-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Cermakova Author-Workplace-Name: Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Ceplecha Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Knotek Author-Workplace-Name: Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Efficacy of two methods of intranasal administration of anaesthetic drugs in red-eared terrapins (Trachemys scripta elegans) Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of ketamine, dexmedetomidine, atipamezole and alfaxalone delivered by two methods of intranasal administration in terrapins. The two methods were used in 21 healthy adult female red-eared terrapins: (A) with fully extended neck and restrained head, (B) with head hidden inside the shell. Ketamine (10 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (0.2 mg/kg) were delivered using a micropipette in the left and the right naris, respectively. Atipamezole (2 mg/kg) was administered 60 minutes later. Heart rate, head withdrawal reflex, palpebral reflex, toe-pinch reflex on the pelvic limb and glottal control enabling the insertion of the tracheal tube were recorded at 10-minute intervals. After a washout period of six months, alfaxalone (5 mg/kg) was tested. The first measurement in the alfaxalone trial started 5 minutes after the drug was administered and continued at 10-minute intervals. Heart rate decreased significantly in response to both methods of ketamine and dexmedetomidine administration. There were no significant differences between methods in time to loss of reflexes and full recovery of reflexes. Intranasal administration of atipamezole enabled rapid return to full activity. Alfaxalone administration decreased heart rate non-significantly and did not result in loss of evaluated reflexes. Both methods of drug administration of ketamine, dexmedetomidine and atipamezole resulted in a safe form of sedation and recovery. Intranasal administration of 5 mg/kg of alfaxalone was not effective. Keywords: chelonians, anaesthesia, monitoring, heart rate, reflexes Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 87-93 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/74/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/74/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201802-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:2:id:74-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Yoon Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: J. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y.M. Ha Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: K. Eom Title: Imaging features of bilateral primary megaureter in a senior dog: a case report Abstract: An 8-year-old dog weighing 45 kg presented with symmetric alopecia, diarrhoea and undescended testes with no associated urinary symptoms. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomographic excretory urography revealed extensive dilation and reduced peristalsis of both ureters, except for the distal parts, which showed normal insertion into the urinary bladder, and normal calibre without peristalsis. No abnormalities of the urinary bladder or urethra that may have caused obstruction were identified. A diagnosis of primary megaureter was made. This is the first known reported case of primary megaureter in a dog. To our knowledge, this is first known case report in the veterinary literature that describes the ultrasonographic features of primary megaureter. Keywords: Alaskan malamute dog, canine, dilated ureter, renogram, sustentacular cell tumour Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 94-100 Volume: 63 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/81/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/81/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201802-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:2:id:81-2017-VETMED