Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Bojarojc-Nosowicz Author-Name: E. Kaczmarczyk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Animal Genetics, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Jastrzebska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Animal Genetics, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Relationship between polymorphism in the tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene and selected indices and cell subpopulations in naturally bovine leukaemia virus-infected and healthy cows Abstract: The bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is the aetiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphism in the TNFα gene at positions -824 A"G and -793 C"T in the 5' flanking region, and g.1787 in exon 4 influences leukocyte counts, the percentages of monocytes and apoptotic cells and the sizes of CD14+, CD14+TNF+, TNF+p24+ and CD11b+TNF+p24+ cell subsets in BLV-infected and healthy cows. A total of 127 Polish black and white Holstein-Friesian cows at 3-8 years of age were analysed. SNPs in the TNFα gene were determined using PCR-RFLP. BLV infection was diagnosed with the use of indirect immunofluorescence (IMF) and nested PCR tests. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were identified using IMF. Apoptotic cells were detected with the Annexin-V-FLUOS Staining Kit. The data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and a multiple comparison test in Statistica 12.0 software. TNFα gene polymorphism was associated with significant differences in the sizes of CD14+, CD14+TNF+, TNF+p24+ and CD11b+TNF+p24+ subsets in BLV+ cows, but not in healthy animals. CD11b+TNF+ cells homozygous for G/G (-824) and T/T (-793) in the 5' flanking region appear to be more prone to BLV infection than opposite homozygotes. TNFα gene polymorphism was correlated with leukocyte counts and the percentage of apoptotic cells, but only in healthy cows. In conclusion, different relationships were observed between the analysed SNPs and selected indices in BLV+ and healthy animals. These findings could suggest that the interaction between TNFα gene polymorphism and BLV affects the size of CD14+, CD14+TNF+, TNF+p24+ and CD11b+TNF+p24+ subsets. Such an interaction was not observed for the other analysed parameters. Keywords: apoptosis, BLV, enzootic bovine leukosis, p24, IMF, immunophenotypes, mTNFα + cells, CD11b+ cells, CD14+ cells Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 101-109 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/135/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/135/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201803-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:135-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: U. Parin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey Author-Name: S. Kirkan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey Author-Name: S.S. Arslan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Health Sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey Author-Name: H.T. Yuksel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey Title: Molecular identification and antimicrobial resistence of Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli from dairy cattle with diarrhoea Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Escherichia fergusonii in dairy cattle with clinical signs of diarrhoea. The specimens were obtained from three different farms in Denizli province of Turkey, between August 2016 and December 2016. Rectal contents of 57 Holstein-friesian dairy cattle with diarrhoea were collected from farms located in the Aegean Region (Denizli province, Turkey). Rectal swabs were inoculated into enrichment, differential and selective culture media. A total of 49 (86%) Escherichia spp. were isolated by phenotypic identification from 57 rectal swab samples. Presumptive E. fergusonii isolates were tested with the API 20E identification kit and all isolates (100%) were identified as E. coli. Primers targeting specific E. coli and E. fergusonii and genes, including the beta-glucuronidase enzyme, conserved hypothetical cellulose synthase protein and regulator of cellulose synthase and hypothetical protein, putative transcriptional activator for multiple antibiotic resistance were used for detection and differentiation of E. coli and E. fergusonii. Thirteen of the 49 E. coli-verified isolates were identified as E. fergusonii after duplex PCR using EFER 13- and EFER YP-specific primers. Confirmation of strain identity was conducted using Sanger sequencing analysis. The rates of antibiotic resistance of E. fergusonii to penicillin G and erythromycin were 100% and 77%, respectively. In conclusion, field strains of E. fergusonii were detected in cattle with diarrhoea in Turkey, and the strains were found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics. Keywords: bovine, cow, E. fergusonii, E. coli, identification, PCR, antibiotics Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 110-116 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/156/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/156/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201803-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:156-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Fernandez Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain Author-Name: J. Galapero Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain Author-Name: L. Gomez Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain Author-Name: C.J. Perez Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain Author-Name: A. Ramos Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain Author-Name: D. Cid Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain Author-Name: A. Garcia Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain Author-Name: J. Rey Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain Title: Identification, capsular typing and virulence factors of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Merino lambs in Extremadura (Southwestern Spain) Abstract: This report describes the prevalence, capsular type and virulence factors of Pasteurella multocida isolated from the respiratory tracts of healthy and diseased lambs. For this study, five hundred and ninety-eight fattening lambs from different feedlots of the community of Extremadura were analysed. Isolation and identification of P. multocida were performed using conventional bacteriological and biochemical techniques, while confirmation of P. multocida identification, capsular type and virulence factors was done using the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). Of 598 studied lambs (410 clinically healthy and 188 diseased sheep), P. multocida was isolated from 37 animals (6.2%), with prevalence rates of 0.49% (2/410) in healthy lambs and 18.62% (35/188) in diseased lambs confirming a close relationship between the presence of bacteria and disease. Capsular typing of P. multocida isolates demonstrated two capsular types: A (15) and D (22), with general prevalence rates of 40.5% and 59.5%, respectively, and with the exclusive presence of type D in healthy animals (100%) and types D and A among diseased animals (42.9% and 57.1%, respectively). Among four virulence genes investigated (pfhA, hgbB, tbpA and toxA), we found a remarkable high prevalence of tbpA (100%) (37/37) genes in P. multocida; toxA was only detected in some diseased lambs (11/37), while the rest of the studied genes were not detected. The high prevalence of toxA among isolates from diseased animals may imply an important role of this gene in the virulence of P. multocida isolates in sheep, especially in diseased lambs. Keywords: Pasteurellosis, disease, bacteria, sheep, Extremadura, pneumonia Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 117-124 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/142/2016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/142/2016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201803-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:142-2016-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Quartuccio Author-Name: C. Mangano Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina, Italy Author-Name: F. Macri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina, Italy Author-Name: M. Rizzo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina, Italy Author-Name: S. Di Pietro Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina, Italy Author-Name: M. Pugliese Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina, Italy Author-Name: G. Mazzullo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina, Italy Author-Name: S. Cristarella Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina, Italy Author-Name: M. De Majo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina, Italy Title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation of testicular interstitial cell tumours in conscious non-sedated dogs Abstract: Testicular tumours are the most common neoplasms of the genital system in male dogs. The three main types reported in dogs are interstitial cell tumour, seminoma and Sertoli cell tumour. Interstitial cell tumour is related to the presence of single or multiple nodules inside the testicular parenchyma, and it is detected by palpation or is often an incidental finding during ultrasonography examination. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound allows characterisation of the perfusion of the testicular lesion and reveals the micro-vascularisation; however, perfusion parameters may be strongly influenced by sedative drug administration, so our aim was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative perfusion of a single type of tumour (interstitial cell tumour) with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in conscious dogs to exclude any influence of pharmacological agents on vascular flow. Thirty dogs with focal testicular lesions found by palpation and/or by ultrasound (B-mode and Doppler) examination were selected; contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed only in subjects that presented testicular focal lesions. After orchiectomy, testes were submitted to histological evaluation; 2-minute clips recorded during contrast-enhanced ultrasound were analysed only in the case of dogs with interstitial cell tumours (n = 12). Contrast medium showed wash-in at around 25-30 seconds, at the same time as the surrounding tissue: lesions were hyperenhancing, homogeneous or inhomogeneous with rim enhancement and contained prominent inner vessels; however, enhancement of small regions was absent. Quantitative analysis demonstrated significantly higher PI% (P = 0.005), regional blood volume (P = 0.02) and regional blood flow (P = 0.007) values in lesions than in surrounding tissue; no differences were found for time-to-peak and mean transit time. In conclusion, the contrast-enhanced ultrasound pattern observed in conscious non-sedated dogs with interstitial cell tumour was similar to the pattern described in a previous study in dogs after intramuscular administration of medetomidine (10 µg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg). Keywords: dog, canine, ultrasonography, contrast agents, testicular tumour Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 125-130 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/101/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/101/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201803-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:101-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Lim Author-Workplace-Name: Chonbuk National University of Veterinary Clinical Science, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea Author-Name: J. Jeong Author-Workplace-Name: Chonbuk National University of Veterinary Clinical Science, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea Author-Name: H.G. Heng Author-Workplace-Name: Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, USA Author-Name: S. Sung Author-Workplace-Name: Chonbuk National University of Veterinary Clinical Science, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y. Choi Author-Workplace-Name: Chonbuk National University of Veterinary Clinical Science, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea Author-Name: H. Oh Author-Workplace-Name: Chonbuk National University of Veterinary Clinical Science, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea Author-Name: K. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Chonbuk National University of Veterinary Clinical Science, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y. Cho Author-Workplace-Name: College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y. Jung Author-Workplace-Name: Research Ethics Center, Office of Research Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: K. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Chonbuk National University of Veterinary Clinical Science, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea Title: Computed tomographic features of tracheal shapes and dimensions in awake dogs Abstract: There are several reports in the veterinary literature on tracheal assessment; however, there is a lack of studies on the trachea in voluntarily breathing dogs. The aim of this study was to describe the natural shape of the trachea in awake dogs and to assess tracheal dimensions and the width-to-height ratio. Thoracic computed tomographic images of awake small breed dogs without any signs of respiratory malfunction (n = 19) were evaluated. Each trachea was categorised into one of four different shapes: circular, horseshoe, crescent or focal dorsal invagination. The circular shape was prominent, particularly in the thoracic inlet and intrathoracic area, while the horseshoe shape was also normally present. In this group of normal dogs, there were no crescent-shaped tracheas, but focally invaginated tracheas were observed. The mean tracheal heights at five locations, namely the caudal endplate of the fourth cervical vertebra, cranial endplate of the seventh cervical vertebra, mid-body of the first thoracic vertebra, mid-body of the third thoracic vertebra, and 1 cm cranial to the carina were 9.12, 8.96, 9.34, 9.88 and 10.16 mm, respectively. The widths at these same sites were 12.26, 10.42, 10.07, 9.82 and 10.23 mm, respectively. The width-to-height ratios of each tracheal location were 1.38, 1.20, 1.10, 1.01 and 1.03, the last two of which are consistent with the circular shape of the intrathoracic trachea. Multi-detector computed tomography under non-general anaesthesia is a non-invasive and unparalleled imaging tool for describing tracheal appearance in healthy awake dogs. Keywords: anaesthesia-free procedure, trachea, shape, diameter, computed tomography Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 131-136 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/124/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/124/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201803-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:124-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Klimcik Author-Name: R. Currie Author-Workplace-Name: x-OvO Limited, Dunfermline, United Kingdom Title: Field occurrence of avian infectious bronchitis virus in the Czech Republic and Slovakia Abstract: The epidemiological situation regarding the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) population in Europe as well as the presence of predominant IBV strains is well described. The aim of this epidemiological study was to describe the real field situation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, as no data are available for the last ten years. The study was also focused on differentiation between field IBV strains and vaccine/vaccine origin IBV strains in different poultry segments including backyard flocks. Between July 2013 and July 2016, cloacal, tracheal and/or visceral swab samples were collected from 145 Czech and Slovak chicken broiler, breeder and layer flocks. The majority of flocks was kept for production purposes, but to enable a more complete picture of the situation in the field backyard flocks with more than 50 birds were also included. As in other cases which were reported worldwide and based on collaboration with x-Ovo laboratories, samples were analysed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to detect the presence of the RNA of IBV. When positive, approximately 400 base pairs encoding the hypervariable region of the IBV S1 protein were sequenced. Sequencing results, cycle threshold values and vaccination history were used as criteria to try and distinguish vaccine strains from field strains. A significant percentage of all flocks presented clinical signs suggestive of IBV infection. From the total number of samples examined, 16.5% were negative. In 12.4% of the samples that did contain RNA from IBV, the genotype could not be determined. In most cases, this was due to the recovery of RNA quantities below the lower limit of detection of the sequencing PCR. The remaining positive samples predominantly contained RNA from IBV strains that belonged to the 4/91 - 793B - CR88 (44.7%), Massachusetts (30%), D274 - D207 (11.6%) and D388 - QX (8.7%) genotypes. Estimations indicated that approximately 23.9%, 48.4%, 58.3% and 0% of these detections, respectively, were vaccine strains. Infections with types UKR/27/2011, CK/CH/Guandong/Xindadi/0903 and K33/09 were observed sporadically. The results confirm that IBV infections are highly prevalent in Czech and Slovak chickens and that at least seven different IBV types were circulating during the monitored period. This underlines the necessity of providing flocks with a strong and broad protective immunity against IBV. Keywords: genotyping, poultry, chicken, broiler, breeder, layer, field strain Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 137-142 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/109/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/109/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201803-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:109-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.K. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: H.Y. Yoon Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: M.H. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: J.H. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Title: Canine pyometra associated with Bacillus species: a case report Abstract: An 11-year-old, female Maltese was presented for evaluation of a mammary gland tumour. An abdominal sonographic examination showed an echogenic, fluid-filled, dilated uterus; pyometra was also diagnosed. Ovariohysterectomy and unilateral mastectomy was performed and the dog recovered uneventfully. However, 11 h later, the dog's condition suddenly deteriorated and it died on the day after the surgery. Bacillus circulans and Bacillus megaterium were isolated from its uterine content; these species had not been reported previously in canine pyometra. The two species were resistant to various antibiotics, including cefazolin used during the treatment. We describe for the first time the presentation, diagnosis, bacterial isolation and fatal outcome of B. circulans and B. megaterium infection in a Maltese dog with pyometra. Keywords: dog, immunosuppression, opportunistic infection Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 143-149 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/36/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/36/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201803-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:36-2017-VETMED