Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Bodecek Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Svetlikova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hargitaiova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Kecerova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Mrackova Title: Monitoring the avermectin and pyrantel resistance status of nematode parasites of horses in the Czech Republic Abstract: The avermectin and pyrantel resistance of equine parasites was monitored on four farms in the Czech Republic in 2014. The aim of the testing was to investigate the anthelmintic resistance of cyathostomins and ascarids. One hundred and eighty-six horses were included in the test, 54 of which were infected by ascarids and 174 by cyathostomins. Faecal egg count reduction tests were used to assess anthelmintic resistance. The faecal egg count reduction for ascarids was within the range of 87.9% to 100% for avermectins and 100% for pyrantel embonate. Faecal egg count reduction for cyathostomins ranged from 99% to 100% for avermectins and 89.3% to 98.2% for pyrantel embonate. Keywords: equine, anthelmintic resistance, FECRT, ascarids, cyathostomins Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 299-305 Volume: 63 Issue: 7 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/125/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/125/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201807-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:7:id:125-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z.B. Ismail Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Author-Name: E. Abu-Basha Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Author-Name: A. Alzghoul Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Author-Name: A. Salah Author-Workplace-Name: Private Veterinary Practice, Irbid, Jordan Author-Name: I. Al-Zoubi Author-Workplace-Name: Private Veterinary Practice, Irbid, Jordan Title: Epidural co-administration of neostigmine and lidocaine or xylazine enhances systemic sedation but not perineal analgesia in adult dairy cows Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioural, clinical and analgesic effects of epidural neostigmine in adult dairy cattle. Five healthy, adult Holstein-Friesian dairy cows received five different treatments in a cross-over design with one-week washout period as follows: 2% lidocaine alone (0.22 mg/kg), neostigmine alone (10 μg/kg), neostigmine-lidocaine (10 μg/kg and 0.11 mg/kg), neostigmine-xylazine (10 μg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg) and 0.09% saline alone (6 ml). Analgesia of the perineal region was assessed using the superficial and deep muscle pin-prick techniques. The onset and duration of analgesia and the degree of analgesia, sedation and ataxia were assessed before drug administration (T0) and thereafter at T15, T30, T60, T120 and T180. In addition, cows were monitored for any behavioural or clinical abnormalities over the course of the entire study. Signs of agitation, increased salivation and increased frequency of defecation were observed in cows administered neostigmine epidurally alone or in combination with lidocaine or xylazine. The epidural administration of neostigmine alone did not result in any analgesic effects in any of the cows. Analgesia appeared significantly faster (P ≤ 0.05) in the lidocaine group compared to the neostigmine-lidocaine and neostigmine-xylazine groups. The duration of analgesia produced by neostigmine-xylazine was significantly longer (P ≤ 0.05) than that produced by lidocaine alone or neostigmine-lidocaine. Neostigmine produced a significant degree of sedation (P ≤ 0.05) when administered epidurally alone or in combination with lidocaine or xylazine. The epidural administration of neostigmine alone did not result in any signs of ataxia, while the epidural administration of lidocaine alone, neostigmine-lidocaine and neostigmine-xylazine resulted in variable degrees of ataxia. There were no significant changes in any of the clinical parameters. In conclusion, neostigmine can be co-administered epidurally with lidocaine or xylazine for routine standing surgical procedures in adult dairy cows to enhance sedation but not analgesia. Keywords: pain, regional analgesia, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, standing surgery, bovine Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 306-312 Volume: 63 Issue: 7 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/25/2018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/25/2018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201807-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:7:id:25-2018-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Aygun Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Burdur, Turkey Author-Name: R. Yildiz Title: Evaluation of thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 as diagnostic biomarkers in calves with sepsis Abstract: Early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in patients are crucial for their survival and can help reduce mortality rates. Novel biomarkers, such as thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3, have been used as diagnostic, prognostic and mortality indicators in patients with sepsis. Plasma thrombomodulin is a vascular endothelial membrane-bound glycoprotein and pentraxin-3 is an acute-phase protein. In the present study, thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 levels were determined in calves with sepsis, to determine their diagnostic values as well as usefulness as indicators of health status. To this end, 20 neonatal calves with sepsis (G1) and ten healthy neonatal calves (G2) were used. Additionally, group G1 was also divided into two groups consisting of surviving (G1-S; n = 9) and non-surviving calves (G1-NS; n = 11). A single blood sample was collected from all the calves and the prepared serum samples were used to measure thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 levels using bovine-specific ELISA kits. The serum concentrations of thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the G1 group than in G2. Thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 levels were also found to be higher in the G1-NS group than in G1-S but the difference was not significant. We conclude that thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 may have some diagnostic value in calves with sepsis. Furthermore, these findings may also help in understanding the pathogenesis of sepsis in neonatal calves. Further studies are required to determine the importance of thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in calves with sepsis and to evaluate the concentrations of these biomarkers also in other disease states. Keywords: haematology, leucocytosis, biomarker, acute-phase protein, neonatal calves Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 313-320 Volume: 63 Issue: 7 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/159/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/159/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201807-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:7:id:159-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Panyaboriban Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand Author-Name: J. Suwimonteerabutr Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: T. Swangchan-Uthai Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: T. Tharasanit Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: W. Suthikrai Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: S. Suadsong Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: M. Techakumphu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Title: A simplified superovulation protocol using split-single administration of Folltropin®-V in hyaluronan: application to purebred sheep Abstract: Superovulation is an important step in assisted reproductive technology. Due to its short half-life, follicle stimulating hormone is usually given twice daily to ewes for three to five days, which is both time- and labour-intensive. However, dissolving follicle stimulating hormone in degradable polymers to delay absorbtion has been effective in ruminants. Experiment 1 was performed to compare a split-single follicle stimulating hormone dissolved in hyaluronan (S group; 150 mg follicle stimulating hormone on the first day and 30 mg 48 h later; n = 21) and six decreasing doses of follicle stimulating hormone (M group; 50, 50, 30, 30, 10 and 10 mg; n = 22) at 12-h intervals. Ovarian responses and numbers of recovered ova/embryos did not differ significantly between groups. However, there tended to be more Grade 1 and 2 embryos in S vs M groups (mean ± SEM, 5.1 ± 4.9 vs 2.9 ± 2.9, respectively; P = 0.08). Experiment 2 tested the effectiveness of a simplified split-single follicle stimulating hormone in purebred sheep on a commercial farm. The numbers of recovered good-grade embryos (day 2) were 4.8 ± 5.0 and 4.0 ± 2.5 per donors in Corriedale and Bond sheep breeds, respectively. We conclude that this modified technique for ewe superovulation improved animal welfare, reduced animal handling and labour and yielded results similar to or better than conventional twice-daily follicle stimulating hormone treatments. Keywords: ovine, follicle stimulating hormone, FSH Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 321-328 Volume: 63 Issue: 7 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/52/2016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/52/2016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201807-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:7:id:52-2016-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.F. Mechesso Author-Workplace-Name: Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S.J. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: N.H. Park Author-Workplace-Name: Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S.C. Park Title: Pharmacokinetic parameters and optimal dosage of a florfenicol and tylosin mixture in beagle dogs Abstract: The aims of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of a florfenicol and tylosin mixture and to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of each drug following administration of the 2 : 1 florfenicol and tylosin mixture in beagle dogs. The antibacterial activity of the two antibiotics, both singly and as a mixture, was investigated in bacteria isolated from 119 beagle dogs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the broth dilution method, whereas the checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the combination of florfenicol and tylosin. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two antibiotics were determined following administration of the mixture in beagle dogs. Serum concentrations of both drugs were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetics parameters such as area under the concentration-time curve, absolute bioavailability and systemic clearance were determined using non-compartmental analysis. The results showed that tylosin and florfenicol exerted varying degrees of antibacterial activity against the tested isolates. The combination of florfenicol and tylosin produced a synergistic and additive antibacterial effect. Analysis of the serum samples revealed a rapid and almost complete absorption of florfenicol and tylosin with mean bioavailabilities of 92.7% and 106.1%, respectively. The times needed to reach maximum concentration for florfenicol and tylosin were 1.5 and 3 h, respectively. Moreover, intramuscular injection of the mixture to beagle dogs resulted in serum concentrations that were higher than the corresponding minimum inhibitory concentrations in beagle dogs. This is the first study to report optimisation of florfenicol and tylosin doses following administration of a combination of the two drugs to beagle dogs. Keywords: antibacterial activity, drug combination, serum concentration, synergistic interaction Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 329-334 Volume: 63 Issue: 7 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/165/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/165/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201807-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:7:id:165-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B.C.J. De Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S. Hossain Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S.H.M.P. Wimalasena Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: H.N.K.S. Pathirana Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: P.S. Dahanayake Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: G.J. Heo Title: Comparative in vitro efficacy of eight essential oils as antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacteria isolated from pet-turtles Abstract: Essential oils are plant extracts that have been used for their antimicrobial properties for centuries. The keeping of turtles as pets exhibits a growing trend worldwide but these animals are known to harbour a range of pathogenic bacteria. In the current study, we assessed eight essential oils as alternative antibacterial agents against nine species of pet turtle-borne Gram-negative bacteria, namely Aeromonas caviae, A. dhakensis, A. hydrophila, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. Except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all other bacterial species showed high susceptibility to six essential oils, namely oregano, cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, lavender and eucalyptus oils in descending order of efficacy. Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations values of the essential oils against all tested species except for P. aeruginosa showed low heterogeneity, showing that these essential oils can effectively control the growth of nearly all the tested. However, most of the tested bacteria were multiple-antibiotic-resistant as determined in the antibiotic disc diffusion test, with multiple-antibiotic-resistant index values of ≥ 0.2 for most of the strains. Therefore, with regards to their in vitro activity in controlling growth of multi-drug resistant bacteria, we can classify oregano, cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, lavender and eucalyptus essential oils as effective antibacterial agents. Thus, prospective application of these essential oils in controlling and treating these bacteria should be considered. Keywords: essential oil, antibacterial efficacy, pet turtles, Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas dhakensis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, clove, Syzygium aromaticum, eucalyptus, Eucalyptus radiata, ginger, Zingiber officinale, lemongrass, Cymbopogon flexuosus, lime, Citrus aurantifolia, lavender, Lavandula angustifolia, oregano, Origanum vulgare, yellow-bellied slider, Trachemys scripta scripta, Chinese stripe-necked turtle, Ocadia sinensis, river cooter, Pseudemys concinna concinna, Chinese softshell turtle, Pelodiscus maackii, western painted turtle, Chrysemys picta belli, common musk turtle, Sternotherus odoratus Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 335-343 Volume: 63 Issue: 7 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/142/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/142/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201807-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:63:y:2018:i:7:id:142-2017-VETMED