Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alena Pechova
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Sona Slosarkova
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Stanislav Stanek
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Livestock Technology and Management, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Eliska Nejedla
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Livestock Technology and Management, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Petr Fleischer
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: Evaluation of colostrum quality in the Czech Republic using radial immunodiffusion and different types of refractometers
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the immunoglobulin G concentration of colostrum in Czech dairy cows, to compare refractometer results with results achieved using the radial immunodiffusion method and to evaluate the reliability of three types of refractometers and recommend the best solution for the evaluation of colostrum quality. Colostrum samples (n = 1522) were collected from 38 herds between 2015 and 2017. The immunological quality of colostrum was estimated using Brix refractometers (optical, simple digital, digital Misco) and compared with the immunoglobulin G concentration assessed using radial immunodiffusion. We found high variability in the quality of colostrum. The minimum, maximum and median of individual measurements were the following: radial immunodiffusion immunoglobulin G - 5.2, 199.1, 76.9 g/l; optical refractometer - 9.5, 32.0, 23.1% Brix; simple digital refractometer - 5.4, 35.0, 19.1% Brix; digital refractometer Misco - 9.8, 37.4, 23.2% Brix. On the basis of immunoglobulin G concentration assessed using radial immunodiffusion, 20.9% of colostrum samples were of low quality (immunoglobulin G < 50 g/l). The Spearman correlation coefficients between radial immunodiffusion and the Brix refractometer readings were 0.62-0.67 (P < 0.001) according to the type of refractometer. The cut-off evaluation of the readings from optical and Misco digital refractometers both showed 20% Brix, with sensitivities of 89.4% and 88.2%, specificities of 73.2% and 74.5% and accuracies of 86.0% and 85.4%, respectively. The cut-off level for the simple digital refractometer showed 17% Brix with a sensitivity of 77.5%, specificity of 80.4% and an insufficient accuracy of 78.1%. For optical and Misco refractometers we recommend the use of two cut-off levels for the evaluation of colostrum: 23% Brix for the selection of good quality colostrum suitable for freezing and 19% Brix to discard poor quality colostrum. The different cut-off levels obtained by measuring with different types of refractometers indicate the need to check the quality of the instruments prior to their use in practice and, where appropriate, to determine their cut-off levels by comparison with results obtained using the reference method.
Keywords: accuracy, Brix refractometers, colostrum, cut-off levels, dairy cow, immunoglobulin G concentration
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 51-59
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2019
DOI: 10.17221/122/2018-VETMED
File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/122/2018-VETMED.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201902-0001.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:2:id:122-2018-VETMED

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Romana Moutelikova
Author-Name: Jana Prodelalova
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: First detection and characterisation of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in the Czech Republic
Abstract: Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a highly neurovirulent coronavirus that invades the central nervous system in piglets. The incidence of PHEV among pigs in many countries is rising, and the economic losses to the pig industry may be significant. Serological studies suggest that PHEV is spread worldwide. However, no surveillance has been carried out in the Czech Republic. In this study, eight pig farms were screened for the presence of members of the Coronaviridae family with the use of reverse transcription PCR. A collection of 123 faecal samples and 151 nasal swabs from domestic pigs were analysed. In PHEV-positive samples, almost the complete coding sequence of the nucleocapsid gene was amplified and the acquired sequences were compared to those of geographically dispersed PHEV strains; phylogenetic analyses were also performed. PHEV was present in 7.9% of nasal swabs taken from different age categories of pigs. No other swine coronaviruses were detected. The amino acid sequence of the Czech PHEV strains showed 95.8-98.1% similarity to other PHEV reference strains in GenBank. PHEV strains collected from animals on the same farm were identical; however, strains from different farms have only exhibited only 96.7-98.7% amino acid sequence identity. Our study demonstrates the presence of PHEV in pigs in the Czech Republic. The Czech PHEV strains were evolutionarily closest to the Belgium strain VW572.
Keywords: PHEV, pig, RT-PCR, nucleocapsid, genetic analysis
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 60-66
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2019
DOI: 10.17221/95/2018-VETMED
File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/95/2018-VETMED.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201902-0002.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:2:id:95-2018-VETMED

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katerina Nedbalcova
Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Monika Zouharova
Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Daniel Sperling
Author-Workplace-Name: Ceva Santé Animale S.A., Libourne, France
Title: Post-antibiotic effect of marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin against selected respiratory pathogens of pigs
Abstract: The post-antibiotic effect is defined as the period of bacterial growth suppression that persists after a limited exposure of organisms to antimicrobials and knowledge of its duration is important in establishing and optimising current dosing schedules for the treatment of bacterial infections. The post-antibiotic effect of marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin were evaluated in vitro for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis and Pasteurella multocida strains which originated from clinical samples of diseased pigs and were confirmed as susceptible to all tested antimicrobials based on determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations. The post-antibiotic effect for individual antimicrobials was monitored at five and ten times minimum inhibitory concentrations for one and two hours. The duration of the post-antibiotic effect for tested antimicrobials was found to exhibit the following order for all tested pathogens: marbofloxacin > enrofloxacin > amoxicillin. The longest duration of post-antibiotic effect of all tested antimicrobials was found in A. pleuropneumoniae and the shortest post-antibiotic effect duration was detected in P. multocida. No statistical differences in post-antibiotic effect duration were found within marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin in A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis strains. In P. multocida strains there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0189). On the other hand, the differences between amoxicillin and marbofloxacin or enrofloxacin were statistically significant in all cases (P-values ranged between 0.0058 and 0.008). The prolonged post-antibiotic effect of fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin on important Gram-negative swine pathogens was confirmed. The results can be used to clarify the effect and mechanism of action of antimicrobial drugs in veterinary medicine.
Keywords: antimicrobials, antimicrobial treatment, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, infection of swine, PAE duration
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 67-77
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2019
DOI: 10.17221/123/2018-VETMED
File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/123/2018-VETMED.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201902-0003.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:2:id:123-2018-VETMED

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gabriela Vargova
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Daniela Takacova
Author-Name: Libusa Bodnarova
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
Title: Determination of carcass cooling rates using nomograms - a pilot study
Abstract: Knowing the time of death of animals can be helpful for the forensic determination of death due to cruelty. We aimed to determine the time of death of companion animal carcasses, euthanised at an outpatient's department (Small Animal Clinic) of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice. The reasons for euthanasia included age of animals, medical state or incurable disease which affected the quality of life. Animal carcasses (33 bodies) were divided into seven groups according to their weight, species and environmental conditions into which they were placed, which were chosen so as to imitate real conditions under which dead animals could be found. We continually measured body temperature until it dropped down to ambient temperature. The post-mortem cooling curve revealed dependencies related to the temperature drop, the weight of carcasses, the place where animals rested and the internal and external environment. Results from the cooling process and obtained time of death may be deduced from a nomogram in field practice.
Keywords: nomogram, cooling, temperature, cruelty, animal carcass
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 78-83
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2019
DOI: 10.17221/83/2018-VETMED
File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/83/2018-VETMED.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201902-0004.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:2:id:83-2018-VETMED

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sun Young Kim
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Author-Name: Joon Young Kim
Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Author-Name: Soon Wuk Jeong
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Title: Long-term evaluation of autologous lamellar corneal grafts for the treatment of deep corneal ulcer in four dogs: a case report
Abstract: Autologous lamellar corneal grafts were performed on four dogs with two deep corneal ulcers and two corneal perforations to achieve better visual and aesthetic outcomes. The donor corneal graft was harvested from the relatively normal corneal region of the affected eye and used to cover the corneal defect. At the two-year follow-up examination, ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed to confirm the thickness and endothelial continuity of the transplanted grafts and donor site of the cornea. The evaluations revealed that the dogs had healed without incident and that their vision had been maintained. Furthermore, the owners were satisfied with the aesthetic outcomes in all cases. Our findings show that autologous lamellar corneal grafts are useful and effective in treating canine corneal ulcers and perforations.
Keywords: canine, eye, ultrasound biomicroscopy, vision, opacity, corneal reconstruction, ulcerative keratitis
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 84-91
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2019
DOI: 10.17221/139/2017-VETMED
File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/139/2017-VETMED.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201902-0005.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:2:id:139-2017-VETMED

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joong Hyun Song
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
Author-Name: Tae Sung Hwang
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
Author-Name: Hee Chun Lee
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
Author-Name: Do Hyeon Yu
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
Author-Name: Byung Joon Seung
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Author-Name: Jung Hyang Sur
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Author-Name: Dong In Jung
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
Title: Long-term management of canine disseminated granulomatous meningoencephalitis with imatinib mesylate: a case report
Abstract: A seven-year-old Toy Poodle was presented for progressive ataxia and seizure episodes. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed inflammatory lesions in the cerebrum and brainstem. Management with imatinib mesylate, prednisolone and hydroxyurea were initiated and resulted in complete resolution of the clinical signs. In regular magnetic resonance imaging scans, the overall appearance of the lesions deteriorated but improved again after an increase in the imatinib mesylate dose. The patient had not shown any neurological signs until death and survived for 1052 days after initial presentation. On histopathological examination, the patient was diagnosed with disseminated granulomatous meningoencephalitis involving the cerebrum and brainstem. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the five types of tyrosine kinase (PDGFR-α, PDGFR-ß, VEGFR-2, c-Kit and c-Abl proteins), which constitute therapeutic targets for conventional multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that all these tyrosine kinases were expressed in the brain samples. The present report describes the first case of the use of imatinib mesylate therapy for granulomatous meningoencephalitis in the dog. Therapy with imatinib mesylate plus glucocorticoids appears promising as a new therapeutic intervention in meningoencephalitis of unknown aetiology.
Keywords: dog, immunohistochemical staining, magnetic resonance imaging, unknown aetiology, tyrosine kinase, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 92-99
Volume: 64
Issue: 2
Year: 2019
DOI: 10.17221/70/2018-VETMED
File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/70/2018-VETMED.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201902-0006.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:2:id:70-2018-VETMED