Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vytautas Januskevicius Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Science, Kaunas, Lithuania Author-Name: Grazina Januskeviciene Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Safety, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania Author-Name: Petras Prakas Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania Author-Name: Dalius Butkauskas Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania Author-Name: Saulius Petkevicius Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Science, Kaunas, Lithuania Title: Prevalence and intensity of Sarcocystis spp. infection in animals slaughtered for food in Lithuania Abstract: The exact prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. infection in animals slaughtered for food is unknown in Lithuania. Therefore, the present study was initiated to evaluate Sarcocystis spp. infection in the carcasses of cattle (n = 206), sheep (n = 61), pigs (n = 73) and horses (n = 72) raised in Lithuania for food. The prevalence and intensity of Sarcocystis spp. infection were assessed under light microscopy by analysing 1 g of stained and squashed muscle samples. All the investigated muscle types (oesophagus, diaphragm, heart, neck, jaw, back, leg and tongue) were found to have been infected with microcysts rather than with macrocysts. A high prevalence of infection was established in cattle (44.9-98.1%) and sheep (100%), whereas the prevalence of this infection in pigs (30.1-50.0%) and horses (34.7-63.9%) was considered to be moderate. Significant differences in the infection prevalence were detected in the majority of muscle groups of cattle and in some muscle groups of pigs and horses. Similarly, significant differences in the median (Md) intensity of infection were observed in the majority of the muscle groups of cattle (Md = 4-29) and sheep (Md = 21-73) and only in some muscle groups of pigs (Md = 4.5-16) and horses (Md = 1-3). Cases of intense infection (> 40 cysts in a sample) were relatively often detected in sheep (44.9%) and cattle (19.1%), and rarely in pigs (3.7%). Hence, based on the varying rates of infection in the examined samples, the infection was identified as being intense in sheep and cattle, moderate in pigs and low in horses. Keywords: cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, infection prevalence, infection intensity Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 149-157 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/151/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/151/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201904-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:4:id:151-2017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kanber Kara Author-Name: Berrin Kocaoglu Guclu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey Author-Name: Erol Baytok Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey Title: Comparison of fermentative digestion levels of processed different starch sources by Labrador Retrievers at different ages Abstract: Extruded commercial dog foods contain high levels of carbohydrates. The limited starch digestive capacity of dogs can change with age. The effectiveness of the extrusion (heat-steam pressure) process applied to raw/by-product feedstuffs (different starch sources in terms of starch digestion) may also differ. Therefore, in this study we determined the effects of age and the heat-steam pressure process on the in vitro digestion of different starch sources in dogs. The in vitro digestion was done in faecal inoculums from Labrador Retrievers of different ages (puppy; six months, mature; two years, and geriatric; eight years). The substrates (barley, corn, wheat, rice, oat and potato flours) were studied for in vitro digestion after both extrusion processes (processed; 2.4 bar and 134° C for 14 min) and a non-extrusion (unprocessed). The extrusion process generally increased the in vitro total gas production and true organic matter disappearance (T-OMd) (at 6-48 h) of barley, corn, wheat, rice, and oat flours (P < 0.05). The extrusion process increased T-OMd of potato flour at 6 h (P = 0.005), but did not change at 12-48 h (P > 0.05). The T-OMd at 6-12 h of barley flour by faecal inoculums of ≥ two-year-old dogs was higher than that of six-month-old dogs. The T-OMd and gas production of starch sources cumulatively increased with incubation time (P < 0.05). The molarities of acetic acid, butyric acid and toal volatile fatty acids in the fermentation fluids of barley, rice and wheat flours increased with the extrusion process or faecal inoculums of two- and eight-year-old dogs (P < 0.05). As a result, the extrusion process positively affected digestion of starch sources for medium to large breed dogs at ≥ six months of age. We advise that food meant for medium-size breed dogs that are six months and older should be made with more potato, oat and wheat flours rather than other sources. Keywords: in vitro true digestibility, in vitro gas production, carbohydrate, dog, puppy, geriatric Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 158-171 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/105/2018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/105/2018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201904-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:4:id:105-2018-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zora Knotkova Author-Workplace-Name: Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Manuel Morici Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Service, Safari Park Pombia, Novara, Italy Author-Name: Matteo Oliveri Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic Polivet, Centro Veterinario Animali Esotici, Roma, Italy Author-Name: Zdenek Knotek Author-Workplace-Name: Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Title: Blood profile in captive adult male leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine blood profile data in captive adult male leopard geckos. Animals were manually restrained with the head and neck extended. The right external jugular vein was punctured with a pre-heparinised needle and insulin syringe. The means and standard deviations for haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total red blood cell count, total white blood cell count and counts for heterophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, azurophils and lymphocytes for 20 healthy male leopard geckos were 72.58 ± 11.03 g/l, 25.40 ± 3.68%, 0.85 ± 0.14 1012/l, 10.47 ± 2.58 109/l, 1.83 ± 0.92 109/l, 1.67 ± 1.04 109/l, 0.29 ± 0.33 109/l, 0.48 ± 0.40 109/l, 2.03 ± 1.07 109/l and 4.17 ± 2.12 109/l, respectively. The means and standard deviations for total protein, albumin, globulins, glucose, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, calcium, phosphorus and potassium for 20 healthy adult captive male leopard geckos were 55.60 ± 7.52 g/l, 16.45 ± 2.37 g/l, 39.15 ± 5.74 g/l, 6.18 ± 1.35 mmol/l, 67.95 ± 42.63 µmol/l, 0.83 ± 0.42 µkat/l, 25.40 ± 29.46 µkat/l, 3.05 ± 0.18 mmol/l, 1.4 ± 0.23 mmol/l, and 5.78 ± 0.58 mmol/l, respectively. This is the first study to report blood haematology and biochemistry values for a group of captive adult male leopard geckos. Keywords: reptiles, lizards, venepuncture, haematology, blood chemistry Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 172-177 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/164/2018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/164/2018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201904-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:4:id:164-2018-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yancheng Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China Author-Name: Fei Liao Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Epidemic Disease Control Center of Qiandongnan Prefectural, Kaili, China Author-Name: Jiahua Weng Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China Author-Name: Quan Mo Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China Author-Name: Ruiguang Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China Author-Name: Yong Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China Author-Name: Zhihua Ren Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China Author-Name: Zhijun Zhong Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China Author-Name: Zhicai Zuo Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China Author-Name: Guangneng Peng Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China Author-Name: Junliang Deng Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China Author-Name: Cheng Tang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China Author-Name: Yanchun Hu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China Title: Composition and acaricidal activity of essential oil from Elsholtzia densa Benth against Sarcoptes scabiei mites in vitro Abstract: Plant-based natural products represent an alternative to chemical compounds for the control of mites in veterinary medicine. Here, the essential oil of Elsholtzia densa (E. densa) Benth was extracted using hydrodistillation at a rate of 1.2%. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The GC-MS analysis indicated that the principal compounds in the volatile oil of the sample were 4-Pyridinol (28.16%) and thymol (26.58%). The acaricidal activity of E. densa oil against Sarcoptes scabiei (S. scabiei) was tested in vitro. Toxicity test data were analysed using a complementary log-log (CLL) model. The E. densa oil was prepared in five concentrations by dilution with liquid paraffin (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/ml) and exhibited strong toxicity against S. scabiei with LT50 values of 16.637, 5.075, 2.884, 1.184 and 0.760 h, respectively. The LC50 values were 7.678, 4.623, 2.543, 1.502, 1.298 and 0.981 mg/ml for S. scabiei at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h, respectively. Compared to the control, the essential oil showed significant effects against S. scabiei in vitro. At 16 mg/ml, E. densa oil was found to kill all mites within a 16-h period. The results indicate that E. densa oil possesses potential acaricidal activity in vitro and may be exploited as a novel drug for the effective control of S. scabiei. Keywords: 4-Pyridinol, thymol, rabbit, botanical acaricides, degradation Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 178-183 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/20/2018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/20/2018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201904-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:4:id:20-2018-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yoon-Hyeong Yoo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Soon-Wuk Jeong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Jae-Hwan Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Ki-Dong Eom Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Hun-Young Yoon Title: Carotid body tumour in a dog: computed tomography and histopathology findings and evaluation of surgical management Abstract: A 2.5-kg, eight-year-old, neutered male Yorkshire Terrier was presented for evaluation of a cervical mass that had first been noticed a year earlier. A firm spherical mass located caudal to the left mandible was found on physical examination. Ultrasonography revealed a well-defined, round-shaped mass located medial to the left mandibular salivary gland that was approximately 2.6 cm in height, 2.3 cm in width and 3 cm in length. Volume-rendered images obtained by computed tomography (CT) showed that the left external and internal carotid arteries and internal jugular vein were encased in the mass. A definitive diagnosis of carotid body tumour was made based on histopathology. The tumour and the carotid arteries and internal jugular vein encased in the tumour were resected using CT-based surgical planning. The regional neural structures were preserved by careful blunt dissection. The dog had a mild hacking cough after swallowing and hoarseness that disappeared spontaneously five days and two months, respectively, after surgery. There was no evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis at 18 months postoperatively. This case report describes successful surgical management of a carotid body tumour with ligation and transection of the carotid arteries in a dog. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of successful surgical treatment of an advanced carotid body tumour based on CT findings. Keywords: dog, carotid body tumour, computed tomography, carotid arteries, transection Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 184-189 Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/92/2017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/92/2017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201904-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:4:id:92-2017-VETMED