Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jindriska Matejkova Author-Name: Peter Podhorec Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Controlled Reproduction and Intensive Fish Culture, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Title: Sustained drug delivery system in fish and the potential for use of PLGA microparticles: a review Abstract: Many fish species display some form of reproductive disorder in captivity. Captive fish reared in conditions outside the natural spawning environment show a failure of the pituitary to release the maturational gonadotropin luteinizing hormone thus necessitating administration of the hormone to induce spawning. A controlled sustained-release delivery system can conquer the issue of short half-life of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in blood and avoid the necessity of using re-injections. Sustained release of GnRHa can induce long-term enhancement in semen production and multiple spawning in species with asynchronous or multiple batch group synchronous ovarian physiology. The most recent development is the incorporation of GnRHa into microparticles of biodegradable polymers that release the drug during a certain period of time ranging from days to weeks. The most attractive polymeric candidate used as a carrier for administering a pharmaceutical products is poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); (PLGA). PLGA has excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility and is generally recognised as safe by international regulatory agencies including the European Medicines Agency and the United States Food and Drug Administration. This review describes methods of hormonal treatment in fish, highlights the advantage of sustained drug delivery system and discusses the potential of PLGA microparticles as a tool for achieving successful reproduction. Keywords: GnRHa, reproductive dysfunction, induced spawning, aquaculture Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 287-293 Volume: 64 Issue: 7 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/161/2018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/161/2018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201907-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:7:id:161-2018-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio Gonzalez-Munoz Author-Workplace-Name: Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Estado de México Author-Name: Jose Sanchez Author-Workplace-Name: Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Estado de México Author-Name: Samuel Lopez-Aguirre Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, México Author-Name: Jorge Vicente Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México Author-Name: Juan Pinos-Rodriguez Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, México Title: Ruminal fermentation and digestion of cattle diets with total and partial replacement of soybean meal by a slow-release urea product Abstract: One in vitro assay and one in vivo trial with ruminally cannulated Holstein steers were conducted to evaluate the effects of a dietary substitution of soybean meal by a urea and slow-release urea source of fermentation and degradation of diets for cattle. The experimental diets consisted of the total mixed rations defined as the control with soybean meal (SBM), U (urea), SRU (slow-release urea), and SRU+U+AA (0.42% + 0.42% + 1% amino acids methionine and lysine). The dietary substitution of SBM by U or SRU reduced (P < 0.05) the total gas production (V), microbial mass and degradation at 72 h incubation under the in vitro conditions, as well as the degradation rate (c) and the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen of the steers; however, when the dietary substitution of SBM was by U+SRU+AA, those values did not decrease. In the steers, the dietary substitution of SBM by U and SRU reduced the ruminal degradation rate and the total VFA, and increased the ammonia N, but when SBM was substituted by U+SRU+AA in the diets, these changes were not observed. No advantage of SRU over U was found. The dietary substitution of SBM by U, SRU, U+SRU+AA did not modify the molar proportion of the VFA in the rumen nor were there changes in the nutrient digestion or excretion. Both the in vitro assay and the in vivo trial indicated that replacing SBM with U or SRU increases the ruminal ammonia N concentrations and reduces the degradation rate in the rumen, although those undesirable findings were not found when the SBM was replaced by U+SRU+AA. Therefore, it is feasible to replace the SBM with a combination of urea, slow-release urea, lysine and methionine in the diet for the ruminants. Keywords: degradation, duodenal flow, nitrogen, nutrient excretion Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 294-301 Volume: 64 Issue: 7 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/159/2018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/159/2018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201907-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:7:id:159-2018-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmet Sabuncu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Gamze Evkuran Dal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Sinem Ozlem Enginler Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Omur Kocak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Ramazan Arici Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey Title: Association of Anti-Müllerian Hormone concentrations between the pregnancy rates and pregnancy continuity of cows in different age groups Abstract: The potential relationships between Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) concentrations and fertility were investigated by examining pregnancy rates and early pregnancy loss in different age groups of cows. Holstein heifers (17.35 ± 1.35 months, n = 20), young cows (3.25 ± 1.02 years, n = 20), and old cows (6.7 ± 0.80 years, n = 20) were synchronised and time fixed inseminated. A single blood sample per animal was taken during oestrus just before artificial insemination (AI), (Day 0) for the AMH analysis. The highest plasma AMH concentrations were determined in the heifer group (149.01 ± 12.62 pg/ml, P < 0.001) in the study. The AMH concentrations and conception rates decreased with age. The Day-0-AMH concentrations were higher in the pregnant animals at Day 20 after AI than in the non-pregnant animals (P < 0.05) in each group. The mean Day-0-AMH concentrations in the pregnant animals at Day 60 after AI was higher (P < 0.001) than the AMH concentrations in those with a detected pregnancy loss between D20 and D60, and also in those with a pregnancy loss and not being pregnant by Day 20 considered together. When each group was assessed on its own, based on the pregnancy results of Day 60, the Day-0-AMH concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the pregnant heifers than in the non-pregnant heifers and heifers with a pregnancy loss (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the AMH analysis might provide valuable information on the reproductive efficiency of the animals in a herd. Keywords: bovine livestock management, herd management Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 302-308 Volume: 64 Issue: 7 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/168/2018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/168/2018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201907-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:7:id:168-2018-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabricia Geovania Fernandes Filgueira Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital Adílio Santos de Azevedo, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba, Sousa, Paraiba, Brazil Author-Name: Bruno Watanabe Minto Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: Denise Granato Chung Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: Tiago Carmagni Prada Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: Natalie Massaro Rosa-Ballaben Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: Maria Gabriela Nogueira Campos Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas, Campus Poços de Caldas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil Title: Platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow and chitosan in minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of canine tibia fractures - a randomized study Abstract: The goal of this study was to analyse the effects of percutaneous application of platelet rich plasma (PRP), autologous bone marrow concentrate (BM) and chitosan gel (CHI) on bone consolidation following minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) of the fractures of the tibia in dogs. Client-owned dogs (n = 30) with tibial fracture were divided into four treatment groups - Group 1 (control), Group 2 (BM), Group 3 (PRP) and Group 4 (CHI). The biomaterial specific to each group was injected at the fracture site immediately after the MIPO procedure. Serial radiographs were used to determine the fracture line and the development of periosteal callus immediately after surgery and at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days post-surgery. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the degree of oedema or grade of lameness between the groups. Grade 4 (minimum) or 5 lameness (absent) was observed in 70% of animals from all groups at 15 days post-surgery. The biomaterials PRP, BM and CHI combined with MIPO contribute to bone consolidation of tibial fractures in dogs and do not cause adverse reactions or fracture complications. Bone marrow concentrate results in shorter bone consolidation time. Keywords: bone consolidation, surgery, biomaterials, dogs, percutaneous application Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 309-316 Volume: 64 Issue: 7 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/19/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/19/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201907-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:7:id:19-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nikolai Mikhailovich Mandro Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary and Sanitary Examination, Epizootology and Microbiology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Far Eastern State Agrarian University", Blagoveshchensk, Russia Author-Name: Yuri Alexandrovich Kopeikin Author-Workplace-Name: LLC Amur Broiler, Blagoveshchensk, Russia Author-Name: Zoya Alexandrovna Litvinova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary and Sanitary Examination, Epizootology and Microbiology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Far Eastern State Agrarian University", Blagoveshchensk, Russia Title: The effect of a bone marrow-derived immunostimulatory preparation on the immunity of broiler chickens vaccinated against salmonellosis Abstract: The use of bone marrow-derived immunostimulants is a promising direction in poultry production. The objective of this research was to study the effect of introducing a bone marrow cell protein formulation on the immunity of chickens vaccinated against salmonellosis. According to the principle of analogues, a control and two experimental groups of chickens were formed with 20 heads each (in total 60 individuals). To Group 1 birds, a protein preparation from bovine bone marrow cells was administered with feed by irrigation with 10% suspension in physiological saline at a rate of 0.2 ml per head once per day from the first day of life for three days. In Group 2, the drug was administered once, on day 1, at a rate of 0.2 ml per head. Control chickens were injected with saline in the same volumes. All chickens were vaccinated against salmonellosis. Blood for analysis of cellular, biochemical and humoral indicators was taken on days 7 and 14 of bird life. The use of the bone marrow cell-derived protein preparation resulted in higher values in the blood of chickens of Groups 1 and 2, respectively, by day 14 of age in comparison with controls as follows: erythrocytes (15.51% and 22.28%) and leukocytes (3.93% and 3.70%), T- and B- lymphocytes (67.5% and 69.16%; 23.24% and 23.75%), neutrophil phagocytic activity (10.14% and 25.36%) and phagocytic index (17.25% and 18.74%), bactericidal (13.32% and 20.25%) and lysozyme activity (23.88% and 24.41%), total protein (13.23% and 14.21%), immunoglobulins (19.59% and 20.76%), specific antibody titre (47.50% and 51.25%). Our study confirms the suitability of using bone marrow-derived protein preparations in poultry production. In practical terms, our study has particular importance for the development and implementation of preparations based on proteins of bone marrow cells. Keywords: poultry, bone marrow protein preparations, prevention, cellular, biochemical and humoral blood counts Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 317-322 Volume: 64 Issue: 7 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/156/2018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/156/2018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201907-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:7:id:156-2018-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blazej Nowak Author-Name: Edward Pawlina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland Author-Name: Katarzyna Ilska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland Author-Name: Anna Mucha Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland Author-Name: Wojciech Kruszynski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland Title: Breeder line and age affects the occurrence of developmental defects, the number of culled one-day old broiler chicks and their body mass Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the reasons for culling one-day old broiler chicks and to examine the relationship between the age and line of the hens and the culled chick's body mass. Hatching eggs and day-old chicks were collected from a commercial flock of the Cobb 500 and Ross 308 broiler lines. The eggs were collected when the hens were 32, 42 and 52 weeks old. The reasons for culling the chicks were assessed immediately after the chicks had been removed from the hatcheries. The four main groups of defects were distinguished, depending on the part of the chick's body. A fifth group covered general developmental defects. Within each group, the structural defects were identified in detail. The statistical analysis was performed in the R project. Amongst 57 600 chicks evaluated, 1042 malformations disqualifying them from further rearing were found in 666. The most frequent developmental defects were associated with the structure of the abdominal wall and umbilical cord: these were found in 155 chicks from the Ross 308 line and in 107 from the Cobb 500 line. In turn, umbilical defects occurred in 95 and 104 chicks from the Ross 308 and Cobb 500 lines, respectively. Abdominal defects were the most common in 107 chicks from the 42-week-old layers and in 89 chicks from the 52-week-old layers. There were also correlations between the age of the parent flock and the following defects: glued down, lack of down on the wings, contorted hips, wry neck and spine, and lack of a wake-up reflex. The average body weights of the Ross 308 and Cobb 500 chicks were 44.00 g and 43.13 g, respectively, but these differences were not statistically significant. However, the age of the broiler breeders (42 or 52 weeks) did affect the chick's body weight (P ≤ 0.05). The lightest chicks (40.75 g) came from the Ross 308 line (age 42 weeks) and were nearly 4 g lighter than all the other groups. Most relationships between the lines of the layer hens at a particular age and the occurrence of malformations in the chicks were found in the hens aged 32 weeks, which may indicate the need for changes in the management of the eggs from the youngest layers belonging to the different lines. Keywords: broiler chicks, culling, malformations, Cobb 500, Ross 308 Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 323-333 Volume: 64 Issue: 7 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/137/2018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/137/2018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201907-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:7:id:137-2018-VETMED