Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Igor Capik Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Small Animals Clinic, Kosice, Slovakia Author-Name: Isabela Polkovska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: Branislav Lukac Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Small Animals Clinic, Kosice, Slovakia Title: A comparison of propofol and alfaxalone in a continuous rate infusion in dogs with mitral valve insufficiency Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare alfaxalone and propofol in balanced anaesthesia using midazolam 0.5 mg/kg, xylazine 0.125 mg/kg, butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg intravenously as premedication and the ultrashort acting anaesthetics alfaxalone or propofol for inducing and maintaining in dogs with medically stabilised mitral valve regurgitation. Seven client-owned dogs with a second stage cardiac insufficiency were used in this study. All the dogs suffered from class II cardiac insufficiency according to the classification by the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACH). All the dogs were treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (enalapril) and diuretics (furosemide), which eliminated the clinical signs of mitral valve regurgitation in all the dogs included in the study. This was a prospective controlled clinical study, 12 months in duration, when the dogs included in the study underwent regular dental prophylaxis. The dogs were monitored electrocardiographically throughout the anaesthesia for the presence of arrhythmias, % oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (%SpO2) measured by pulse oximetry, heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature. The dogs underwent two anaesthesia procedures with an interval of one year due to the prophylaxis of periodontitis, with the first anaesthesia maintained by propofol and second one by alfaxalone. The respiratory rate was mostly significantly higher in the individuals undergoing alfaxalone anaesthesia (P < 0.05), but neither the slower respiratory frequency in the propofol anaesthesia had any negative impact on the % oxygen saturation of the haemoglobin (%SpO2). The heart frequency was significantly higher in the alfaxalone group (P < 0.005). The arterial blood pressures were comparable, but, on the contrary, the two dogs from propofol group had significantly higher blood pressure. The cardiovascular values in both types of anaesthesia had a tendency to progressively decrease within the physiological range. The level of the analgesia was significantly higher in the case of the propofol anaesthesia (P < 0.01) and the recovery period was also significantly shorter (P < 0.005). It can be concluded that the investigated ultra short acting anaesthetics used in balanced anaesthesia containing subanaesthetic doses of xylazine can be used over one hour of surgical procedures in dogs stabilised for mitral valve regurgitation without a significantly increased risk from the anaesthesia. Keywords: ultrashort anaesthetics, intravenous anaesthesia, cardiac disease, small animal Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 335-341 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/6/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201908-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:8:id:6-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Keiji Kamijo Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Author-Name: Eiichi Kanai Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Author-Name: Motoharu Oishi Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Author-Name: Nobutsune Ichihara Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Author-Name: Masao Asari Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Author-Name: Kazutaka Yamada Title: Perirectal injection of imaging materials for computed tomographic lymphography and near infrared fluorescent thoracoscopy in cats Abstract: For the treatment of chylothorax, the most common procedure is a thoracic duct ligation; however, recurrence of the issue is often common, generally due to the incomplete ligation of all thoracic duct tributaries. Therefore, accurate localisation of the thoracic duct tributaries is required to determine the ligation sites in each patient. The concept of the perirectal injection of the imaging materials, which provides a simple and minimally invasive approach, is investigated for computed tomographic (CT) lymphography and near infrared fluorescent thoracoscopy in cats. Three clinically healthy cats were used for the CT lymphography, and two clinically healthy cats were used for the near infrared fluorescent thoracoscopy. Iodine contrast agent for the CT or indocyanine green for the thoracoscopy was injected subcutaneously into the peri-anal tissue. The injection site was massaged for 5 min post-injection. However, in the indirect injection of the imaging materials, in three iohexol-administered cats, the abdominal lymphatics, cisterna chyle, and thoracic duct could be depicted by the CT lymphography; and in both indocyanine green-administered cats, the thoracic duct was depicted running alongside the aorta by the near infrared fluorescent thoracoscopy. The ideal imaging procedure for the thoracic duct ligation involves the pre-operative CT lymphography of the entire pathway of the lymphatic vessels in advance, followed by the direct visualisation using a thoracoscopy. A combined CT lymphography and thoracoscopy could be a reliable method for successful surgeries. Crucially, the subcutaneous peri-anal injection of a contrast/dye provides a simple and minimally invasive method for the pre-operative and intra-operative depiction of the lymphatic pathways. Keywords: computed tomography, contrast agent, indocyanine green, iohexol, iopamidol Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 342-347 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/32/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201908-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:8:id:32-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ozlem Guzel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Ahmet Gulcubuk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Esma Yildar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Feraye Esen Gursel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Iraz Akis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Funda Bagcigil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Ozge Erdogan Bamac Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Gulay Yuzbasioglu Ozturk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Bulent Ekiz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Title: Effects of antibiotic and intra-peritoneal ozone administration on proinflammatory cytokine formation, antioxidant levels and abdominal organ functions in the treatment of experimentally generated infectious peritonitis in rabbits Abstract: In this study we investigated the effects of antibiotic and intraperitoneal ozone administration on pro-inflammatory cytokine, antioxidant levels and tissue damage in the treatment of experimentally infectious peritonitis. Thirty-three adult male New Zealand White Rabbits were used. The study consisted of four groups including the non-treatment group (G1), antibiotic group (G2), ozone group (G3) and ozone + antibiotic group (G4). Trimethoprim sulfadimethylprymidine was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) and amoxicillin sodium at a dose of 15 mg/kg intramuscularly (i.m.). Medical ozone was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a concentration of 30 µg O3/ml and dose of 80 ml/kg. Once peritonitis was produced, blood samples were taken from the animals before treatment and at regular intervals following treatment. Blood samples were used for haemograms and to measure levels of antioxidant and oxidative enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Tissue samples were examined histopathologically. There was no statistically significant difference between groups with respect to levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Antioxidant enzymes were found to be higher in groups G2 and G3. The granulocyte and lymphocyte values in group G3 were determined to increase earlier than in the other groups. The peritonitis scores were similar in G1 and G3, which is higher compared to G2 and G4 groups. Minimal tissue damage was observed in the group G2. It was concluded that antibiotic use for preventing peritoneum damage in experimental acute peritonitis was more effective than ozone therapy alone. Keywords: ozone, tissue damage, septic peritonitis, rabbit Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 348-361 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/97/2018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/97/2018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201908-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:8:id:97-2018-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reiichiro Sato Author-Name: Kazutaka Yamada Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Azabu, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Author-Name: Yasunori Shinozuka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Azabu, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Author-Name: Hideharu Ochiai Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Azabu, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Author-Name: Ken Onda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Azabu, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Title: Gas-filled urachal abscess with a pinging sound in a heifer calf Abstract: A 6-month-old crossbred of a Holstein and Japanese Black heifer calf weighing 95 kg presented with a history of intermittent abdominal distension and failure to thrive. The physical examination identified a pinging sound over the dorsal left flank. The abdominal radiography showed a huge gas-filled mass. The intravenous urography revealed no communication between the mass and the urinary bladder. Although the visual examination and palpation of the umbilicus did not reveal visible abnormalities, an umbilical disease was suspected because the animal exhibited poor growth, depression, and a hunched back posture. When the eschar adhering to the centre of the umbilicus was removed, the presence of a fistulous tract was revealed. The umbilical ultrasound examination revealed an intra-abdominal abscess and the fistulography demonstrated that the abscess communicated with the umbilicus. The abscess, compressing into the rumen, was observed by computed tomography. From these images, it was diagnosed as an umbilical cord remnant abscess and a definitive diagnosis of a urachal abscess was obtained by open abdominal surgery and the subsequent removal of the mass. The calf was discharged from the university hospital on day 14 after the operation. This case shows that a urachal abscess should be considered when a pinging sound is present, even if the animal exhibits no swelling or pain of the umbilicus. Keywords: cattle, computed tomography (CT), fistulography, intravenous urography Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 362-366 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/61/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/61/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201908-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:8:id:61-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sang-Woo Bae Author-Workplace-Name: Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Chang-Hoon Han Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Aram Jang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Hye-Jin Jung Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Hee-Sup Moon Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Jae-Hoon Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Title: Surgical treatment of an oesophageal achalasia in a small breed dog Abstract: A 6-year-old, male Yorkshire Terrier dog presented with persistent regurgitation and severe weight loss. Based on the clinical signs, physical and other various diagnostic examinations, including fluoroscopy, were performed. Myasthenia gravis was ruled out through a serum acetylcholine receptor antibody titre measurement and a negative response to neostigmine bromide (0.02 mg/kg) within 4 hours of injection. The dog was diagnosed with idiopathic oesophageal achalasia. As a treatment, a modified Heller's oesophagomyotomy was performed, and the dog recovered well with no signs of recurrence for 18 months. Keywords: canine oesophageal achalasia, oesophagomyotomy, modified Heller's myotomy, myenteric plexus Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 367-372 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/27/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/27/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201908-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:8:id:27-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Su Jin An Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Joon Hyeok Jeon Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Do Hyeon Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Joong Hyun Song Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Hee Chun Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Ki Chang Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Jung Hyang Sur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pathobiology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Dong In Jung Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Title: Mycophenolate mofetil plus prednisolone combination therapy for necrotising leukoencephalitis in a dog: long-term clinical observation, serial imaging analysis and histopathological findings Abstract: An 8-year-old intact male mixed-breed dog presented with tetraparesis, right side head tilt, and cluster seizure-like episodes. Based on the magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis results, meningoencephalitis of an unknown aetiology was strongly suspected. The patient survived for 963 days under mycophenolate mofetil plus prednisolone therapy and was ultimately diagnosed with necrotising leukoencephalitis. This report describes the clinical findings, the serial magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, and the histopathologic features of a case of necrotising leukoencephalitis and the long-term survival after mycophenolate mofetil plus prednisolone therapy. Keywords: autoimmune encephalitis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), meningoencephalitis of an unknown aetiology (MUE), necrotising meningoencephalitis (NME) Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 373-378 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/116/2018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/116/2018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201908-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:8:id:116-2018-VETMED