Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P Chundekkad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Eshwar Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, India Author-Name: T Stankiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: B Blaszczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: J Udala Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Title: Polyspermic fertilisation of porcine oocytes in vitro - a current review Abstract: Polyspermic fertilisation has been a continual problem in porcine in vitro fertilisation. Over the years, researchers have tried to resolve this persistent problem, but have not been entirely successful in their endeavour. This can be attributed to several factors. This review discusses the role of sperm capacitation in the in vitro fertilisation and the most recent studies on the capacitation media. This includes the results obtained by testing the effect of various compounds on sperm capacitation. Additionally, the importance of the oviductal fluid on the porcine oocytes prior to fertilisation is also discussed. This is of significance, as the experiments show that oviductal fluid is crucial for the pre-fertilisation zona pellucida hardening. Also, the significance of using high quality oocytes for the in vitro fertilisation is highlighted. Lastly, the different and latest techniques to prevent or reduce polyspermic fertilisation have been reviewed. Keywords: oviductal fluid, capacitation media, zona pellucida, hardening, oocyte maturation, supplementary hormones Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 513-520 Volume: 64 Issue: 12 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/79/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/79/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201912-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:12:id:79-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Gwida Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Author-Name: A Zakaria Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Author-Name: H El-Sherbiny Author-Workplace-Name: Educational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Author-Name: R Elkenany Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt Author-Name: M Elsayed Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Title: Prevalence of Campylobacter, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus in slaughtered camels Abstract: The contribution of camels and their products (meat and offal) as potential reservoirs of foodborne pathogens is far from elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of camels as potential sources of different foodborne agents and to determine their antibiotic resistance profile. For this reason, one hundred apparently healthy camels admitted to the Zagazig abattoir (Sharkia province, Egypt) for slaughtering were studied. Three different specimens were collected from each camel including fresh faeces, raw meat and liver which were processed to determine the presence of different foodborne pathogens using standard bacteriological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed using the disc diffusion method. The occurrence of Campylobacter in the faeces, raw meat and liver were 20%, 33% and 15%, respectively, with the most prevalent C. coli (21%) followed by C. jejuni (0.7%) and C. lari (0.7%). Enterococcus spp. was isolated at 50%, 40%, and 43% from the examined faeces, meat and liver, respectively, with E. faecalis (24%) as the most widely identified bacterial spp. The respective specimens showed typical colonies of S. aureus with 15%, 45% and 25%, respectively, with an overall prevalence 28.3%. S. aureus was found to colonise workers hands (40%; 10/25), followed by E. faecalis (20%) while Campylobacter spp. was not detected in any of the tested workers' hands. All recovered foodborne agents were found to be susceptible to enrofloxacin and resistant to rifampicin. The high loads of the pathogenic, as well as indicator bacteria in the raw camel meat, could indicate unhygienic conditions at the abattoir. Keywords: abattoir, Camelus dromedarius, raw meat, liver, offal, faeces, workers, hand swabs, foodborne disease Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 521-530 Volume: 64 Issue: 12 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/104/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/104/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201912-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:12:id:104-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JW Yun Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Dajeon, Republic of Korea Author-Name: SY Heo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Specialized Campus, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: MH Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Institute of Oral Bioscience and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: HB Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Dajeon, Republic of Korea Title: Evaluation of a poly(lactic-acid) scaffold filled with poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite nanofibres for reconstruction of a segmental bone defect in a canine model Abstract: Critical-sized bone defects are a difficult problem in both human and veterinary medicine. To address this issue, synthetic graft materials have been garnering attention. Abundant in vitro studies have proven the possibilities of poly(lactic-acid) (PLA) scaffolds and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HAp) nanofibres for treating bone defects. The present study aimed at conducting an in vivo assessment of the biological performance of a three dimensional (3D)-printed PLA scaffold filled with a PLGA/HAp nanofibrous scaffold to estimate its potential applications in bone defect reconstruction surgery. Defects were created in a 20 mm-long region of the radius bone. The defects created on the right side in six Beagle dogs (n = 6) were left untreated (Group 1). The defects on the left side (n = 6) were filled with 3D-printed PLA scaffolds incorporated with PLGA/Hap nanofibres with gelatine (Group 2). The other six Beagle dog defects were made bilaterally (n = 12) and filled with the same material as that used in Group 2 along with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) (Group 3). Both the radiological and histological examinations were performed for observing the reaction of the scaffold and the bone. Micro-computed tomography (CT) was utilised for the evaluation of the bone parameters 20 weeks after the experiment. The radiological and histological results revealed that the scaffold was biodegradable and was replaced by new bone tissue. The micro-CT revealed that the bone parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in Group 3. Based on these results, our study serves as a foundation for future studies on bone defect treatment using synthetic polymeric scaffolds. Keywords: bone regeneration, bone tissue engineering, FDM technology, electrospinning, osteogenic factor Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 531-538 Volume: 64 Issue: 12 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/80/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/80/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201912-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:12:id:80-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O Stastnik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E Mrkvicova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L Pavlata Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E Anzenbacherova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Prokop Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: A Roztocilova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: B Umlaskova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Novotny Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E Metnarova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T Vyhnanek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V Trojan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Purple wheat as a source of anthocyanins and its effect on the metabolism of rabbits Abstract: The effects of feeding rabbits a diet that includes wheat enriched with anthocyanins were examined in this study. In addition to the animal's performance, the basic carcass yield indicators and the basic indicators of the clinical biochemistry were also evaluated. The experiment was carried out using 18 HYLA female rabbits. The trial was performed at the age of 42 to 103 days. The experimental group (n = 9) received a pelleted feed mixture containing 15% PS Karkulka wheat. The control group (n = 9) received a pelleted feed mixture containing the common wheat variety Vanessa with a minimal anthocyanin content. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the control and experimental group in the live weight on the 103rd day. The same trend was found in the average weight gain per trial and in the feed conversion ratio. The average feed consumption was higher (P < 0.05) in the control group compared to the experimental group. There was also a higher (P < 0.05) carcass weight in the control group of the rabbits compared to the experimental group. There were no differences in the percentage carcass yield between the groups. The biochemical indicators and antioxidant activities did not differ between the two groups of rabbits (P > 0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the use of 15% PS Karkulka wheat in the feed ration for HYLA broiler rabbits was safe and may be fed to broiler rabbits. Keywords: PS Karkulka, colour wheat, purple pericarp, HYLA rabbit, rabbit nutrition Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 539-546 Volume: 64 Issue: 12 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/40/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/40/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201912-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:12:id:40-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H Minarova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Palikova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Mares Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E Syrova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Blahova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Faldyna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P Ondrackova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Optimisation of the lymphocyte proliferation assay in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Abstract: The lymphocyte proliferation assay is a valuable method used for the evaluation of the fish immune system. However, there are many variations and optimal results are not always obtained. Unification is necessary to ensure the comparability between different studies. The aim of this study was to optimise the lymphocyte proliferation assay in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This goal included the determination of the optimal incubation length, serum type, incubation temperature, type of mitogen and its concentration, and anticoagulant. The peripheral blood and head kidney lymphocytes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Subsequently, the cells were incubated for 3-8 days with different mitogens (pokeweed mitogen 5, 10 and 50 µg/ml, concanavalin A 1, 10 and 20 µg/ml, phytohaemagglutinin 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml, lipopolysaccharide 1, 50 and 100 µg/ml). The use of the different serum types (foetal bovine serum, trout serum), incubation temperatures (10-20 °C) and anticoagulants (heparin, EDTA) was compared. Labelled thymidine was used to evaluate the assay. The best results were obtained after seven days of incubation at 15 °C with foetal bovine serum (FBS). The head kidney lymphocytes showed the highest proliferative response with 50 µg/ml phytohaemagglutinin. With the peripheral blood lymphocytes (heparin and EDTA), the best results were obtained with 50 µg/ml pokeweed mitogen. The highest proliferation levels were detected with heparinised blood. In conclusion, optimisation of this assay contributes to the improved assessment of the rainbow trout immune function. Keywords: fish, mitogen, stimulation, thymidine, transformation Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 547-557 Volume: 64 Issue: 12 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/98/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/98/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201912-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:12:id:98-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SM Baek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: SW Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: AR Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: JS Bang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: MM Seo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: T Oh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: SK Choi Author-Workplace-Name: Core Protein Resources Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: SJ Park Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Veterinary Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: IH Hong Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: TH Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: KS Jeong Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Workplace-Name: Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Author-Name: JK Park Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea Title: Septicaemia due to a Proteus infection in a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) Abstract: A 2-year-old male Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) died after a very brief period of illness at a zoo aquarium; the penguin showed sudden depression, anorexia, dyspnoea, and had recurrent melena a day prior to death. The gross examination revealed an extensive bilious effusion in the abdominal cavity due to a gallbladder rupture. Moreover, abscess formation, purulent exudate, severe congestion, and haemorrhages were observed in the trachea and parenchymal organs such as the kidneys and the lungs. A histopathological examination revealed a fibrin deposition with a severe haemorrhage and secondary infiltration of chronic-active inflammatory cells in the parabronchi, atria, and air capillaries and blood vessels of the lungs as well as in most of the parenchymal organs. Moreover, Gram-negative bacilli were found in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tracts including the small and large intestines accompanied by severe epithelial necrosis and the capsule of the liver. Especially, bile pigments were microscopically observed in the whole liver, which indicated a gallbladder rupture. Samples collected from the trachea, lungs, and blood were cultured on a blood agar, and the pure colonies of Proteus genus were isolated. Proteus mirabilis, P. penneri, P. vulgaris, and P. cibarius were identified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As a result, the diagnosis was confirmed as Proteus septicaemia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of concomitant infection by different Proteus species that eventually resulted in septicaemia in a Humboldt penguin, and it will provide valuable information for zoo veterinarians for its diagnosis as well, since Humboldt penguins are the most widely found penguins in zoos and Proteus septicaemia in the penguins has, to the best of our knowledge, not been reported as yet. Keywords: aquatic animals, aves, haemorrhage, parenchymal organs, bilious effusion, sepsis, histopathology Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 558-564 Volume: 64 Issue: 12 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/73/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/73/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201912-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:64:y:2019:i:12:id:73-2019-VETMED