Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S Manfredi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Author-Name: G Covi Author-Workplace-Name: Ambulatorio Veterinary Health Center, Fabbrico, Reggio Emilia, Italy Author-Name: M Bonazzi Author-Workplace-Name: Casa di Cura San Geminiano, Strada Bellaria, Modena, Italy Author-Name: G Gnudi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Author-Name: M Fumeo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Author-Name: F Miduri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Author-Name: E Daga Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Author-Name: A Volta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Title: Ultrasound-guided removal of soft tissue foreign bodies in companion animals: A case series Abstract: Foreign bodies (FBs) retained in the subcutaneous tissues are a common reason for medical consultation. In small animals, FBs usually consist of vegetal materials, especially grass awns. Failure to remove the FBs is likely to give rise to acute or late complications. The surgical removal of the FBs can be invasive, costly and technically challenging. Ultrasound has become a mainstay in the detection of FBs and it can be used to guide the extraction of the FBs with a minimally invasive technique. This study describes the detection and extraction of soft-tissue FBs in small animals. One hundred-sixty-two patients, presenting at two veterinary clinics with suspected FBs retained in the soft tissues of various body districts, were considered. Once an ultrasound diagnosis was established, the ultrasound-guided removal of the FB was performed. A high-frequency linear transducer, a skin disinfection, sedation or anaesthesia was used when needed and a scalpel and some Hartmann forceps were also used. One hundred-eighty-two FBs were successfully removed in all the patients. In six cases, the FB was identified during a second ultrasonographic examination, after recurrence of the fistula. No complications were reported after the procedure. The extraction of the FB was performed in an echographic suite in 138 cases and in a surgery room with surgical intervention in 24 cases. In the latter situation, the surgical minimally invasive dissection of tissues under ultrasound guidance was performed before the removal of the FB. In conclusion, the ultrasound-guided removal of the FBs retained in the superficial soft tissue can be considered a good alternative to surgery. However, failure to remove a FB does not preclude the removal by traditional surgery. Keywords: sonography, extraction, grass awn, dogs, cats Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 49-55 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/18/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/18/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202002-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:65:y:2020:i:2:id:18-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: AT Liao Author-Workplace-Name: Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Author-Name: YC Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Author-Name: SL Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Title: Comparison of the cytotoxic effects of single and divided treatment of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide at the same total dosage amount in canine lymphoma cell lines Abstract: Cyclophosphamide is widely used in combination chemotherapy to treat dogs with lymphoma. The metabolite of cyclophosphamide, acrolein, can irritate the urinary bladder and cause sterile haemorrhagic cystitis. The divided administration of cyclophosphamide across multiple days may reduce the occurrence of the cystitis. However, the therapeutic effect of this modification has not been evaluated and compared to the traditional single maximum-tolerated dose. It is difficult to evaluate the cytotoxic effect by the single chemotherapeutic drug in dogs. In order to verify the effect of the single and divided treatment of cyclophosphamide in canine lymphoma, we used two canine lymphoma cell lines (CLBL-1, B-cell lymphoma and UL-1, T-cell lymphoma) to imitate the clinical conditions. The cell viability in the CLBL-1 and UL-1 cells treated by a single dosage of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide after 48 h were 70.4% and 61.5%, respectively. The cell viability in the CLBL-1 and UL-1 cells treated by the divided dosage of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide after 48 h were 109.4% and 50.8%. There were no significant differences between the two administration methods in the T-cell lymphoma cell line (P = 0.215). The single full dosage of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect rather than the divided dosage in B-cell lymphoma cell line (P = 0.007) did. The maximum-tolerated dose of cyclophosphamide is still recommended to be used in dogs with B-cell lymphoma. Keywords: cyclophosphamide, cytotoxic effect, dog, lymphosarcoma Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 56-61 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/86/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/86/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202002-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:65:y:2020:i:2:id:86-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K Parlak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey Author-Name: M Arican Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey Title: Effect of intra-articular administration of autologous PRP and activated PRP on inflammatory mediators in dogs with osteoarthritis Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the intra-articular use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and bio-physically activated PRP (BPRP) on the inflammatory mediators for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs. The animals included in this study were 36 mix breed dogs diagnosed with osteoarthritis in the stifle as a result of the clinical and radiological examinations. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups: PRP (platelet-rich plasma), BPRP (biophysically activated platelet-rich plasma) and control (given 0.9% isotonic saline). These three main groups were each further divided into two groups as single and double according to the number of intraarticular administrations. Joint fluid analyses, a clinical examination (Hudson Visual Analog Scale and Canine Brief Pain Inventory Tests) radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations were performed on days 1, 15, 30, 60, and 90 for each group. Genesis System 2 branded and BPRP preparation kits were used in this study. An ELISA method was used to measure the cytokines in charge of the inflammatory mediation (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) in the synovial fluid samples. The records obtained from the walking and pain rating tests were subjected to a statistical analysis program and a Mann-Whitney U test was performed. The results of the ELISA were evaluated by a Tukey test. There was a significant difference between the single and double groups of the PRP administration on days 60 and 90 (P < 0.05) in the walking and pain scores. The double groups of the PRP had better results than the single groups. There was a significant difference between the single groups of the PRP and BPRP for the IL-10 on the 30th day (P < 0.05). In the single application groups, the BPRP was better than the PRP on day 30 in the IL-10 measurements. In the comparison of the single and double administration groups, there was significant difference between the single and double groups of the BPRP on day 90 (P < 0.05). The double groups of the BPRP had better results than the single groups. In addition, the biophysically activated PRP was found to be superior to the PRP for the IL-10 content. In conclusion, the efficacy of the PRP and BPRP was related to the degree of the osteoarthritis (OA). Especially the success rate in the acute OA patients was higher due to the anti-inflammatory activity of the BPRP. Moreover, the double administration groups gave more positive results than the single administration groups. Keywords: anti-inflammatory effect, degenerative joint disease, IL-1β, , IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 62-70 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/36/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/36/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202002-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:65:y:2020:i:2:id:36-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: AE Ahmed Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt Author-Name: MA Al-Kahtani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: AM Khalil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt Author-Name: AS Alshehri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: AA Elghoneimy Author-Workplace-Name: Pharmacology Department and Molecular Biology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt Author-Name: ESI Elbehairi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: MY Alfaifi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: AA Shati Author-Workplace-Name: Pharmacology Department and Molecular Biology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt Author-Name: KS Morsy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt Author-Name: MA Alshehri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: HI El-Mekkawy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: AA Elmansi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Title: Co-administration of vitamin E and selenium in vivo and in vitro ameliorates the toxic effects caused by ivermection and doramectin Abstract: Avermectins are used in animals and humans for their broad-spectrum effects against parasites causing cytotoxicity and damage to the cellular DNA. In this study, we examined the toxicological changes of ivermectin (IVM) and doramectin (DME) with or without the co-administration of vitamin E (Vit. E) and selenium (Se). The drugs used were for animal use. Twenty-five adult male rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 (control) was given saline, Group 2 was given IVM (0.2 mg/kg b.w.), Group 3 was given IVM and Vit. E/Se (80/1.6 mg/kg b.w., respectively), Group 4 received DME (0.2 mg/kg b.w.), and Group 5 received DME and Vitamin E/Se. Both IVM and DME were given by subcutaneous injections whereas Vit. E and Se were given orally. All the treatments were given once per week throughout the eight weeks. Although the doses were off-label use, they were given in a long-term course to unveil their toxicity effects in a clear manner and the response of the amelioration. By 24-h after the 8th week, the rats were sacrificed. Their blood was sampled for the haematological and serobiochemical examinations. Histopathological changes and caspase-3 were determined in the hepatic and renal tissues. The histopathological findings showed that Vit. E and Se reduced the cellular changes induced by IVM or DME, indicating that Vit. E and Se protect against both types of avermectins, and that DME was safer than IVM. The cytotoxicity was assessed on a human embryo kidney (HEK) and skin cells by the SRB/IC50 method and AO/EB (acridine orange-ethidium bromide) staining. Both IVM and DME caused apoptosis in the cultured HEK more than in the skin cells (80% vs. 30%, respectively). The cellular apoptosis in response to the IVM was more than that of DME, and the use of Vit. E and Se reduced the cytotoxicity as observed by caspase-3, in vivo, and IC50, in vitro. Keywords: avermectins, HEK, apoptosis, caspase-3, antioxidants, α, -Tocopherol, HEK. skin cells Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 71-83 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/74/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/74/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202002-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:65:y:2020:i:2:id:74-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: HJ Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Title: Treatment of a feline cutaneous mast cell tumour using imatinib mesylate as a neoadjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapeutic agent Abstract: A two-year-old spayed female American shorthair cat presented with a rough, circular, exophytic mass on the genital area. The clinical findings and histopathological examination revealed that the mass contained neoplastic mast cells and, thus, was diagnosed as a mast cell tumour. The anatomical location of the mass was not easily accessible for surgical intervention. We administered a targeted therapy using oral imatinib mesylate for eight weeks to reduce the size of the lesion and to facilitate the successful surgical removal. The tumour mass eventually reduced by 21% and was surgically excised. This is possibly the first study to use imatinib mesylate as a tumour reduction neoadjuvant to therapeutically address a feline cutaneous mast cell tumour located in a surgically inaccessible part of the body. Keywords: feline, mast cell tumour, chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitor Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 84-88 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/91/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/91/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202002-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:65:y:2020:i:2:id:91-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T Yoshida Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan Author-Name: K Matsuura Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan Author-Name: S Goya Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan Author-Name: D Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan Author-Name: K Shimada Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan Author-Name: P Kitpipatkun Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan Author-Name: A Takeuchi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan Author-Name: A Uemura Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan Author-Name: R Tanaka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan Title: Balloon valvuloplasty in two dogs with aortic valve stenosis showing congestive heart failure Abstract: A 10-year-old female Papillon and a 1-year-old male Golden Retriever were presented to the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology for a second opinion on an aortic valve stenosis (AS). The aortic flow rate was not as high as it should have been (the aortic flow velocity for case 1 and case 2 was 2.82 m/s and 3.96 m/s, respectively). However, the AS was suspected to be an exacerbating factor in the congestive heart failure, so that a balloon valvuloplasty was conducted. As a result, the congestion and clinical symptoms were much improved in both cases. In conclusion, in cases with an AS, in which afterload is a key factor for the exacerbation of the congestion, a balloon aortic valvuloplasty may reduce the afterload and consequently lead to an improvement in the congestion. Keywords: interventional cardiology, congestive heart failure, dogs Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 89-94 Volume: 65 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/154/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/154/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202002-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:65:y:2020:i:2:id:154-2019-VETMED