Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S Wataradee Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit of Data Innovation for Livestock, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: T Boonserm Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit of Data Innovation for Livestock, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: C Sangaprakhon Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Veterinary Biologics, Department of Livestock Development, Nakorn-Ratchasima, Thailand Author-Name: K Ajariyakhajorn Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit of Data Innovation for Livestock, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: C Inchaisri Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit of Data Innovation for Livestock, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Title: Use of an automatic needle-free injection device for foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in dairy heifers Abstract: The foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination of Thai dairy cows is routinely conducted to control and prevent the disease. In Thailand, FMD control strategies include a subcutaneous route (s.c.) vaccination with 2 ml of inactivated FMD vaccine 2-3 times a year produced by the Department of Livestock Development (DLD). A new way of vaccination was introduced in the form of an automatic needle-free injection device. This technology has several important advantages, such as requiring less animal restraint, reduced time and labour with high precision, and a consistent delivery system. Here, the effectiveness of an automatic needle-free injection (ANFI) device was evaluated in 30 dairy heifers (randomly divided into three groups, 10 in each group) in the FMD vaccine delivery. The first group was subcutaneously (s.c.) vaccinated using a conventional hypodermic needle with 2 ml of the vaccine, the second group received the same, but using a CO2-powered ANFI device, and the third group received the vaccine using the same ANFI device, but administered intradermally (i.d.) with only 1 ml of the vaccine. The blood samples collected up to 120 days post-vaccination revealed that both injection methods resulted in a similar serological response. The results suggest that the i.d. and s.c. ANFI systems are effective and safe. Moreover, the i.d. use of the ANFI enabled the possibility to half the vaccination dose with the same efficacy. Therefore, the ANFI can be used as an alternative approach for FMD vaccination by s.c. or i.d. routes in dairy cows in Thailand. Ultimately, reducing the use of restraint devices and labour will improve the vaccination for the prevention and control of FMD and may improve the cows' welfare. Keywords: antibody, dairy, foot-and-mouth disease, needle-free, vaccine Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 87-93 Volume: 66 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/4/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202103-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:3:id:4-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W Hananeh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Author-Name: M Ababneh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Title: Spotty liver disease in Jordan: An emerging disease Abstract: Spotty liver disease is an acute bacterial disease that affects the poultry industry throughout the world. In this report, we discuss the first documented outbreak of the recently emerging disease, spotty liver disease, in a poultry flock in Jordan. The clinical history, pathological and molecular findings are described. The outbreak was characterised by recurrent mortalities that subsided with antibiotic treatments. Grossly, there were multiple pinpoint white foci distributed throughout the enlarged liver and less frequently throughout the spleen too. Histologically, the white foci represented areas of acute hepatocellular lytic necrosis and degeneration that were consistent with those of spotty liver disease. An end point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the glycerol kinase gene, coupled with sequencing, confirmed the pathological diagnosis. Continuous surveillance is needed to estimate the prevalence of this disease in Jordanian poultry flocks. Keywords: Campylobacter, liver, poultry, spleen Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 94-98 Volume: 66 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/73/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/73/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202103-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:3:id:73-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Munir Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author-Name: SNH Shah Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author-Name: U Almas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dermatology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan Author-Name: FA Khan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan Author-Name: A Zaidi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan Author-Name: SM Bukhari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan Author-Name: G Murtaza Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan Title: An assessment of the wound healing potential of a herbal gel containing an Azadirachta indica leaf extract Abstract: The objective of this study was to produce a Carbopol 940 based gel formula containing an Azadirachta indica leaf extract and evaluate its wound healing potential. The ethanolic extract was derived from the dried leaves of Azadirachta indica and was subjected to a phytochemical evaluation. Three gel formulations of Carbopol 940 containing an Azadirachta indica extract in three different concentrations, i.e., 1, 2, and 3% w/w were prepared. These gels were evaluated for their physical appearance, stability, antimicrobial activity, extrudability, skin irritability, pH, spreadability, and viscosity. The prepared formulas were stable, greenish and homogeneous. None of them showed irritation to the skin. The spreadability (g.cm/sec), viscosity (cps), and pH of all three formulations was 34.68, 53 270-65 400, and 6-7, respectively. Gel-III exhibited the highest antimicrobial potential against E. coli and P. aeruginosa with a zone of inhibition of 16.2 ± 0.6 mm and 15.6 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. It was revealed from the wound healing studies that the epithelialisation time for the Albino rabbits treated with Gel-III was 23 days. The Albino rabbits treated with Gel-I, Gel-II, a standard gel, and those with the untreated one (control), epithelialised in 27, 25, 26, and 34 days, respectively. A formulation containing 3% w/w extract showed better antimicrobial activity, physicochemical characteristics, and pharmacological parameters than the other formulations. It can be concluded that the wound healing process was faster with the gel formulation containing 3% w/w of the Azadirachta indica extract, proposing that this formulation is a promising candidate for wound healing. Keywords: antimicrobial activity, Carbopol 940, epithelialisation time, ethanolic extract, phytochemical evaluation Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 99-109 Volume: 66 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/46/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/46/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202103-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:3:id:46-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Pijacek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pathological Morphology, State Veterinary Institute Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Bzdil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Special Microbiology, State Veterinary Institute Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: I Bedanova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Danihlik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Moravkova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The inhibiting effect of microwave radiation on Paenibacillus larvae spores suspended in water Abstract: The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of microwave radiation on the viability of Paenibacillus larvae spores and to study the relationship between the microwave power consumption, the exposure time and the number of spores in the examined suspensions. Sterile distilled water suspensions were made using larval detritus, to contain tens, hundreds and thousands of spores. The suspensions of all the dilutions were gradually exposed to a microwave radiation power of 170, 510 and 850 W. In all the cases, the exposure time was 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. After cooling, 0.1 ml of each exposed suspension was inoculated onto three modified MYP (mannitol egg yolk polymyxin) agar plates and incubated aerobically at 37 ± 1 °C for 120 hours. The statistical evaluation of the spore counts decreasing with time was performed with the use of the nonparametric Friedman's variance test using the Unistat Statistical Package v6.5. The results showed that the rate of devitalisation of the spores is dependent on the microwave oven power consumption, but independent of the number of spores. Using a power consumption of 170, 510 and 850 W, the devitalisation of the spores occurred after 15, 3 and 2 min of exposure, respectively. Keywords: exposure, frequency, microorganisms, resistance, sporulating Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 110-116 Volume: 66 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/156/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/156/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202103-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:3:id:156-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Houszka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: B Bazanow Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: I Wesolowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: J Szczepanik Author-Workplace-Name: Nadlesnictwo Oborniki, Oborniki, Poland Title: Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Poland - A case report Abstract: Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) has not been observed in European deer (Cervus elaphus). Our case concerned two red deer bulls in a natural environment, which had orientation disorders and/or circle movement. A detailed post-mortem examination of one of the bulls revealed extensive conjunctivitis in both eyes, clouding and ulceration of the cornea. There were no lesions in the other organs, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS). The histopathological examination of the eyeballs showed corneal epithelium erosions and vascularisation and an inflammatory infiltration of the stroma. Descemet's membrane was found to be disrupted and the corneal stroma was fused with the iris. The remaining structure of the eye did not show any lesions. Furthermore, the polymerase chain reaction analysis for OvHV-1, BHV-1, BHV-5, CapHV-1, CcHV-1, and EHV-1 showed negative results. In the agar culture, only single bacteria were present. There were no Thelazia spp. worms in the conjunctival sac, but numerous Lipoptena cervi flies were present on the skin in the eye region and on the corneal surface. The findings of our case study and those reported in the literature suggest that IKC is a polyetiological disease, where the composition of the pathogenic agents may differ from case to case. The present study suggests that the mechanical irritation of L. cervi parasites could be a contributing factor to the corneal damage, infection and chronic inflammation resulting in a loss of vision in red deer. Keywords: herpesvirus, Lipoptena cervi, ocular infections, wildlife Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 117-120 Volume: 66 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/171/2019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/171/2019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202103-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:3:id:171-2019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: DL Santos Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Author-Name: JF Chaves Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Author-Name: MP Souto Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Author-Name: GMM Lima Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Author-Name: JS Siqueira Author-Workplace-Name: Pathology Animal Lab, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Author-Name: SS Sousa Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Author-Name: GS Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Author-Name: MAO Moura Author-Workplace-Name: Pathology Animal Lab, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Author-Name: PS Ribas Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Author-Name: K Schwanke Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Author-Name: PS Bezerra Junior Author-Workplace-Name: Pathology Animal Lab, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Author-Name: PPM Teixeira Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal - Pará, Brazil Title: Episiectomy and partial vaginectomy with urethroplasty for excision of vulvar mast cell tumour in a female dog Abstract: This case report describes the surgical treatment of a grade II mast cell tumour in the vulvar region of a 4-year-old female Miniature Pinscher dog. The patient weighed 2 kg, and the tumour measured 2 cm in diameter. The surgery involved an episiotomy, a partial vaginectomy, and a subsequent urethroplasty. Due to the patient's small size, the surgical margins were set at 2 cm laterally and 2 cm deep, which meant that the entire vulva, as well as the ventral part of the vaginal canal had to be removed. Afterwards, the urethral ostium was elliptically fixed to the skin at the end of the urethroplasty. The follow-up evaluations revealed an excellent recovery without metastasis or recurrence over the following two years. Keywords: canine, neoplasia, reconstructive surgery, surgical margin Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 121-126 Volume: 66 Issue: 3 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/94/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/94/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202103-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:3:id:94-2020-VETMED