Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A Necasova Author-Workplace-Name: Private Veterinarian, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A Pechova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R Bodor Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: M Masar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia Title: Evaluation of the glutathione concentration in whole blood of dairy Holstein cows Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of the total (T-GSH), oxidised (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione in the blood of dairy cows, assess the relationships of the phase and number of lactation, milk production, body condition score (BCS) and selected biochemical parameters on its concentrations. We analysed 79 samples of whole blood from dairy Holstein cows. The concentration of glutathione was assessed by the spectrophotometric enzymatic method. The whole dataset shows the mean concentration of T-GSH, GSSG and GSH of 803 ± 22 µmol/l, 23 ± 2.5 µmol/l and 757 ± 27 µmol/l, respectively. The GSH/GSSG ratio was 95 ± 17. The phase of the lactation had a significant impact on the levels of T-GSH and GSH, but the number of lactation and BCS had no effect. Dry cows had higher levels of T-GSH (938 ± 44 µmol/l) than the fresh (713 ± 46 µmol/l) and peak lactation (785 ± 45 µmol/l) cows. The fresh cows had significantly lower concentrations of GSH (618 ± 44 µmol/l) than the peak lactation (719 ± 46 µmol/l) and dry cows (827 ± 43 µmol/l). On the basis of a regression analysis, blood glutathione was affected mainly by the liver function and energy metabolism. Glutathione as the marker of oxidation stress seems to be a promising tool in monitoring the health and welfare of the herd, yet intensive research in this field remains necessary. Keywords: antioxidant defence, lactation period, liver metabolism, spectrophotometric method Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 179-188 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/157/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/157/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202105-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:5:id:157-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V Kamanova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P Nevrkla Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z Hadas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Lujka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R Filipcik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Changes of sperm morphology in Duroc, Landrace and Large White boars depending on the ambient temperature during the year Abstract: Utilisation of artificial insemination has led to the increased role of male animals. They significantly contribute to the efficiency of productivity; therefore, sperm quality has been emphasised. The aim of this study was to analyse changes in the boar sperm morphology during the year in forty-two Duroc, Landrace and Large White boars in the Czech Republic. For each boar, a spermiogram was evaluated every month in 2018. The number of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa was recorded every month to evaluate the morphology. The abnormalities were categorised as abnormalities of the head, abnormalities of the acrosome, proximal cytoplasmic droplets and abnormalities of the tail. Throughout the study, the temperature in the stable was monitored. Changes in the sperm morphology were recorded in all breeds during the year, the changes were different for each breed. In the Landrace boars, the highest concentrations of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa were observed in July and August (P < 0.05). In this period, the concentration of the tail defects increased (P < 0.05), while, in October, a higher concentration (P < 0.05) of spermatozoa with defects of the acrosome was recorded in the Landrace boars. In the Duroc and Large White boars, the highest morphologically abnormal spermatozoa values were observed in September and October (P < 0.05). In the Duroc boars, the increase in the morphologically abnormal spermatozoa in this period was mainly caused by an increased occurrence of proximal cytoplasmic droplets (P < 0.05). On the contrary, in the Large White boars, the increase was related to a higher incidence of tail defects (P < 0.05). These results show that changes in the sperm morphology are influenced by the ambient temperature and the breed. Keywords: ambient temperature, boar, breed, morphological anomalies, sperm Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 189-196 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/203/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/203/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202105-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:5:id:203-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: FR Anjum Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: SU Rahman Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: Aslam Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: AS Qureshi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Title: Antiviral potential and stability analysis of chicken interferon-α produced by Newcastle disease virus in chicken embryo fibroblast cells Abstract: Chicken interferon-α (chIFN-α) is an important antiviral cytokine and represents one of the first lines of the chicken's innate immune system. The current study is the first-ever report of chicken IFN (chIFN) production in Pakistan. In this study, we have used live and UV-irradiated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) to induce the expression of chIFN-α in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. ChIFN-α was partially purified in a two-step protocol; ultracentrifugation followed by treatment with anti-chIFN-β antibodies. The purified chIFN-α was ana-lysed via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and the in vitro antiviral potential of chIFN-α was determined against the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) via a cytopathic inhibition assay. The relative mRNA level of the IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the IFN-stimulated CEF cells was measured at various time intervals by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The stability of natural chIFN-α to the temperature, pH, and ultraviolet (UV) light was also determined. The in vivo therapeutic potential of chIFN-α was determined in 7-day-old broiler chickens challenged with AIV. We found that a higher chIFN-α expression level was induced by the UV-irradiated NDV in the CEF cells as compared to the live NDV. The UV-irradiated NDV induced the maximum IFN production in the CEF cells at 24 h post-infection. Two bands of 21 kDa on SDS-PAGE confirmed the presence of the chIFN-α protein. The cytopathic inhibition assay indicated the strong antiviral activity of chIFN-α against AIV. Our results of the stability analysis showed that chIFN-α was stable at a wide range of temperatures and pH levels. However, a little exposure to UV-light resulted in a significant loss of antiviral activity. We also observed that the antiviral activity of chIFN-α is related to the expression levels of the antiviral ISGs. The results of the in vivo study showed that the chIFN-α therapy via the oral route resulted in a significant improvement in the tracheal pathology of chickens challenged with AIV. In conclusion, we suggest that chIFN-α could be an important therapeutic tool to control avian influenza infection in poultry. Keywords: antiviral, chicken embryo fibroblast, chicken type I IFNs, cytopathic inhibition assay, IFN-stimulated genes, innate immunity, Newcastle disease virus Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 197-207 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/106/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/106/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202105-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:5:id:106-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Skocovska Author-Workplace-Name: Section of Large Animal Diseases, Large Animal Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Ferencik Author-Workplace-Name: Elbe River Basin, State Enterprise, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Section of Large Animals Diseases, Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Residues of selected sulfonamides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics-antipyretics in surface water of the Elbe river basin (Czech Republic) Abstract: The occurrence of human as well as veterinary drug residues in surface water is caused by their insufficient removal ability from wastewater. Drug residues disturb the natural balance of water ecosystem, have a negative effect on non-target organisms and pose a significant risk for human health. The main aim of this study was to determine the concentration of residues of eight drugs from the group of sulfonamides (sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfachlorpyridazine), four drugs from the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug group (ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac) and one representative of the analgesics-antipyretics group [paracetamol (acetaminophen)] in the surface water of the Elbe river basin. A total of 65 samples of surface water from the Elbe river basin were taken during August 2018 when the weather was constant without any significant fluctuations. The analysis was performed by means of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results have shown the numerous occurrences of sulfamethoxazole, ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and paracetamol (acetaminophen). A statistically significant negative correlation between the river flow rate in the monitored locations and the residue concentration was found for ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and paracetamol (acetaminophen). The most significant findings of the monitored drug residues were mostly determined in samples from small streams below larger urban settlements with a hospital or other health facilities. Keywords: diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, paracetamol (acetaminophen), sulfamethoxazole Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 208-218 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/180/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/180/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202105-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:5:id:180-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: GG Franco Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil Author-Name: EGM Siqueira Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: JAL Souza Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: LOC Prado Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: SC Rahal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: MJ Mamprim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: BW Minto Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil Author-Name: CVS Brandao Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: JSCosta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil Title: Closed spinal dysraphism in a 6-month-old mixed breed dog Abstract: The term spinal dysraphism defines an incomplete fusion or a bone defect that affects the neural structures of the spinal cord due to a neural tube malformation. A 6-month-old, male, mixed-breed dog, was evaluated for paraparesis, pelvic limb proprioceptive ataxia, faecal and urinary incontinence. A neurological examination indicated an L4-S3 spinal cord segment lesion. A thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spine magnetic resonance imaging was performed and a closed spinal dysraphism, with the presence of a lipomyelomeningocele, was detected. The magnetic resonance imaging showed an entire narrowing passage and a fibrous mass stemming from a wedge-shaped gap in the caudal region of the dorsal lamina of the L4 vertebra, leaving the spinal canal towards the skin surface in the region where the skin stigma was observed. A dorsal laminectomy was performed, the spinal cord was exposed, and the entire fibrous mass was excised. Three months postoperatively, the patient had a complete resolution of the urinary and faecal incontinence showing only a residual mild paraparesis, which remained six months after surgery. The surgical procedure resulted in the satisfactory recovery of the neurological signs. Keywords: congenital malformation, lipomyelomeningocele, spina bifida Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 219-224 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/68/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/68/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202105-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:5:id:68-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: HS Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: HJ Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States Author-Workplace-Name: Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, United States Author-Name: HJ Hwang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S Oh Author-Workplace-Name: OSH Veterinary Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: SH Do Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Title: Aggressive behaviour of Hodgkin's-like lymphoma in a domestic ferret Abstract: A 3-year-old castrated male ferret was suspected to have lymphoma based on a markedly enlarged mesenteric lymph node. Hodgkin's-like lymphoma (HLL) was suspected because numerous Reed-Sternberg-like cells were observed in the fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the mesenteric lymph node. In the post-mortem histopathology, neoplastic cells were invasively proliferated not only in the mesenteric lymph nodes, but also in the liver and spleen. Immunohistochemically, most neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and BLA-36, weakly positive for CD20, and negative for Pax5, CD79a, CD3, CD45, and Iba-1, demonstrating similarity to human Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). In addition, a prominent programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression was observed at the sites showing malignant tumour proliferation. HLL in non-human beings can be morphologically and immunophenotypically similar to human HL, but the prognosis and clinical outcome may differ. This is the first study analysing the PD-1 expression in a ferret, suggesting that PD-1 can be a novel diagnostic and prognostic factor in a similar manner to humans. Keywords: cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, programmed cell death protein 1, Reed-Sternberg cell Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 225-232 Volume: 66 Issue: 5 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/115/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/115/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202105-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:66:y:2021:i:5:id:115-2020-VETMED