Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J Fuchs Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A Bockay Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: T Liptak Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V Ledecky Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M Kuricova Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic Title: Practical use of electromyography in veterinary medicine - A review Abstract: Electromyography (EMG) is a sophisticated electrodiagnostic-neurophysiological method, which serves to diagnose neuromuscular system diseases. It is based on the measurement of the electrical potentials created by the skeletal muscle activity. For this technique, surface electrodes and needle electrodes can be used, which read the action potential of a large number of motor units and read a small number of motor units, respectively. The wide-spectrum application of this method extends our diagnostic possibilities of the clinical examination in veterinary practice. Together with a clinical neurological examination and imaging methods, EMG forms a part of the diagnosis of nervous system diseases and it is a useful diagnostic technique for differentiating neuropathies, junctionopathies, and myopathies. The results of the neurophysiological examination inform us about the functional state of the peripheral and central nervous system; it can demonstrate subclinical diseases and monitor the dynamics of changes in the functional state of individual nervous systems over time. In this article, we review the electromyographic method and its use in veterinary practice. Keywords: animal, electrodiagnostic study, neurologic patient Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 113-122 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/60/2021-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/60/2021-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202203-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:3:id:60-2021-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Zouharova Author-Workplace-Name: Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine Department, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K Nedbalcova Author-Workplace-Name: Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine Department, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P Slama Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Bzdil Author-Workplace-Name: Microbiologist and Practical Veterinarian, Ptácy s.r.o., Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Masarikova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Matiasovic Author-Workplace-Name: Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine Department, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Occurrence of virulence-associated genes in Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus parauberis isolated from bovine mastitis Abstract: Streptococcus uberis is one of the most important mastitis-causing pathogens. Although the pathogenesis and virulence factors required for the intramammary infection development are not yet well established, several putative virulence-associated genes have been described. This work aimed to investigate the presence of ten known and putative virulence-associated genes in S. uberis isolated from subclinical or clinical mastitis and its closely related species Streptococcus parauberis in 135 dairy farms in the Czech Republic. The PCR analysis detected that all the examined isolates possessed at least four virulence genes and most isolates carried eight out of ten virulence genes. All S. uberis isolates were positive for the oppF, gapC and sua genes. Among the most prevalent virulence-associated genes skc (98%) and pauA (97%) were also found. The hasA and hasB genes were always present together in 94% of the isolates. The genes cfu and lbp were detected in 6% and 2%, respectively. In the S. uberis isolates, 14 different virulence gene profiles were observed. The most frequent profile was hasA+ hasB+ sua+ skc+ pauA+ gapC+ oppF with variable hasC, observed in 86% of the tested isolates, occurring in 127 out of 135 farms. S. parauberis was identified very sporadically and, although it is closely related to S. uberis, only a rare occurrence of the examined virulence-associated genes was found. Keywords: cows, intramammary infections, mammary gland, pathogens, virulence factors Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 123-130 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/95/2021-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/95/2021-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202203-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:3:id:95-2021-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J Nisavic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: N Milic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: A Radalj Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: M Mirilovic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: B Vejnovic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: M Cosic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bijeljina, Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina Author-Name: A Knezevic Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: L Veljovic Author-Workplace-Name: Virology Department, Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: A Zivulj Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Specialized Institute "Pancevo", Pancevo, Serbia Title: Detection and characterisation of porcine circoviruses in wild boars in northeastern Serbia Abstract: The objective was to expand and update the knowledge on the presence and genotype diversity of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 (PCV2 and PCV3) in the wild boar populations from the hunting grounds in northeastern Serbia. The presence of PCV3 was not determined, and PCV2 was confirmed in 40.32% of the organ samples from 124 wild boars hunted from 2018 to 2019, indicating their significance in virus circulation since traditional pig farms with irregular PCV2 vaccination strategies are widespread in this region. The most prevalent genotype was PCV2d, followed by PCV2b and PCV2a in 55.6%, 38.9%, and 5.5% of the examined samples, respectively. Nucleotide sequences of the detected strains were homogenous within the genotype and clustered within the subgroups PCV2d-2, PCV2b-1A/B, and PCV2a-2D with high identity to European, Chinese, and Serbian domestic pig sequences suggesting their origin. Wild boars presented with no clinical or pathological signs of infection, implying that these animals might be less susceptible to disease, particularly since the cofactors present in pig farming systems that support the disease development are absent in the wild. The high PCV2 detection frequency demonstrates the importance of wildlife monitoring to track virus population dynamics, especially in regions with free-range pig farming in order to plan adequate disease control strategies. Keywords: PCR, PCV2, PCV3, phylogenetic analysis, sequencing, Sus scrofa Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 131-137 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/32/2021-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2021-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202203-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:3:id:32-2021-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E Salkova Author-Workplace-Name: South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: D Gela Author-Workplace-Name: South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P Pecherkova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Flajshans Author-Workplace-Name: South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Examination of white blood cell indicators for three different ploidy level sturgeon species reared in an indoor recirculation aquaculture system for one year Abstract: Functional diploid Acipenser ruthenus, functional tetraploid Acipenser gueldenstaedtii and functional hexaploid Acipenser brevirostrum juveniles were sampled monthly for one year, and the white blood cell indicators were determined. The total number of leukocytes (TL) was 40.93 ± 17.24 × 109/l for the diploids, 20.63 ± 11.20 × 109/l for the tetraploids, 14.13 ± 7.72 × 109/l for the hexaploids. The TL decreased with an increasing ploidy level. The highest number of leukocytes was reached during September and October for A. ruthenus and A. brevirostrum, from October to January for A. gueldenstaedtii (a statistically significant finding). The lymphocytes dominated (76.89-80.14%) in the differential counts and were found to be reduced in June and July in each group. Granulocytes were represented by neutrophils and eosinophils. Counting from all the leukocytes, the neutrophils represented 13.0-18.7% and eosinophils represented 5.7-6.1%. Increasing number of nuclear segments in the granulocytes was dependent on the increasing ploidy level. Nuclear segmentation in the lymphocytes was a common finding in higher ploidy level groups. The data suggest a significant effect of ploidy level on the total number of leukocytes and morphological nuclear changes in the granulocytes and lymphocytes. The seasonal variation in the differential leukocyte counts depends on the species and the influence of various external conditions rather than the ploidy level. Keywords: Acipenser brevirostrum, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Acipenser ruthenus, differential leukocyte count, white blood cell count Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 138-149 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/215/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/215/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202203-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:3:id:215-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: CF Agudelo Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L Stehlik Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z Filipejova Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: B Koskova Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Sterbova Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Crha Author-Workplace-Name: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Pulmonary eosinophilic granulomatosis in a dog Abstract: A two-year-old female Prague Ratter dog was presented for evaluation of cough, exercise intolerance and worsening dyspnea. A previous treatment with antibiotics did not resolve the clinical signs. A diagnostic approach revealed peripheral eosinophilia, endoscopic bronchial changes, and bronchoalveolar lavage with eosinophilic inflammation. Thoracic radiographs revealed a solitary mass and bilateral interstitial lung pattern. These radiographic findings were confirmed by computed tomography and ultrasound-guided biopsy of the lung mass. Treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine was initiated. Two months afterwards, the granuloma was no longer detectable radiographically. All medication was gradually discontinued after nine months and currently, after almost three years, the dog remains free of clinical signs. Keywords: allergy, bronchoalveolar lavage, eosinophilia, immunosuppression, tomography Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 150-155 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/136/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/136/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202203-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:3:id:136-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea Author-Name: K Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea Author-Name: SG Roh Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea Author-Name: HY Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea Author-Name: JW Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea Author-Name: BJ So Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea Author-Name: EJ Choi Author-Workplace-Name: Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea Title: Clinical cases of zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum (subtype IIdA15G1) infections in Korean goats Abstract: Cryptosporidium parvum is an enteric protozoan, which causes severe diarrhoea in a wide range of vertebrate hosts including ruminants and humans. C. parvum infections are responsible for immense economic losses to the livestock industry; furthermore, the zoonotic spread of the infection may lead to mortality in immunosuppressed humans. In the present study, we report two cases of severe cryptosporidiosis in goat kids in the Republic of Korea. Both cases were afflicted with severe diarrhoea upon presentation; the histopathological examinations revealed atrophied and fused intestinal villi and numerous circular basophilic organisms in the jejunum and ileum. Both cases were diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis based on the results of the histopathological analysis, amplification of the C. parvum gp60 gene, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and C. parvum antigen ELISA. According to the phylogenetic analysis using the C. parvum gp60 gene for the genetic subtypes, the C. parvum isolates were identified as subtype IIdA15G1 with zoonotic potential. This is the first pathological report of caprine cryptosporidiosis induced by C. parvum subtype IId in the Republic of Korea. Considering the clinical manifestations associated with the pathological lesions and the zoonotic significance of these findings, the continuous monitoring and prevention of C. parvum infections in goats are essential for minimising the economic losses in ruminant farms and in maintaining public health safety standards. Keywords: Cryptosporidiosis, diarrhoea, goat, histopathology, phylogenetic analysis, zoonosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 156-162 Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/212/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/212/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202203-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:3:id:212-2020-VETMED