Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: BM Assis Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary and Animal Science School, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, GO, Brazil Author-Name: LPB Borges Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Institut, Pará Federal University, PA, Brazil Author-Name: KF Pereira Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital, Goiás Federal University, Regional Jataí, Jataí, GO, Brazil Author-Name: Lima CR de Oliveira Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Science School, Goiás State University of Jataí Campus, Jataí, GO, Brazil Author-Name: LAF da Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary and Animal Science School, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, GO, Brazil Author-Name: PPM Teixeira Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Institut, Pará Federal University, PA, Brazil Author-Name: RE Rabelo Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Hospital, Goiás Federal University, Regional Jataí, Jataí, GO, Brazil Title: New perspectives in a microstructure study of the bovine and bubaline claw Abstract: The techniques of microtomography (Micro-CT), confocal laser scanner microscopy (CLSM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindentation - Vickers hardness (Nano-VH) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are undeniably important to the modern study of bovine podiatry. These techniques are also employed in engineering, physics and in the assessment of biomaterials used in reconstructive or experimental surgeries in bovine and bubaline claws. Although studies involving these analyses are still inconspicuous in veterinary medicine, these technologies represent a new paradigm in this area, enabling the development of new lines of research. The objective of this review is to gather information about the microstructural aspects of bovine and bubaline claws, concerning the intratubular and extratubular keratin, which is responsible for the physical and mechanical structure of the claw capsule. This study elucidates different methods used to evaluate the hooves of healthy and sick animals through a micrometric analysis and nano-scale analyses. We would like to emphasise that the described techniques can be applied to study other species. Keywords: atomic force microscopy, confocal laser scanner microscopy, microtomography, nanoindentation, X-ray fluorescence Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 395-407 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/167/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/167/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202208-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:8:id:167-2020-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A Hundakova Author-Workplace-Name: Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Toman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z Knotek Author-Workplace-Name: Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The immune system of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) - A review Abstract: The basic information dealing with the anatomy of the ferret's immune system, cross-reactivity of the ferret leukocytes with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in vitro and immune response to the mitogens and various infections are presented. The leukocyte numbers in the peripheral blood in the ferrets are lower compared to other species and only one subclass of IgG has been identified in ferrets so far. Lymphocytes make up 12-67% of all the leukocytes in the peripheral blood of the healthy adult ferrets. Lymphocyte subpopulations are similar to other mammals and include T- and B-lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes differentiate into helper (Th) lymphocytes and cytotoxic (Tc) lymphocytes. Currently, ferret granulocytes (CD11), B-lymphocytes (CD79α), T-lymphocytes (CD3), Th-lymphocytes (CD3, CD4), Tc-lymphocytes (CD3, CD8), and CD30, CD45 subpopulations are detected with the use of a number of polyclonal as well as with monoclonal antibodies. In a lymphocyte transformation assay, the mitogen response of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells to concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) is the greatest at day 2, 2 and 3, respectively. Serious lymphopenia is observed in ferrets during a distemper infection. A significant decrease in the lymphocyte transformation activity is observed on day 5 and reaches a maximal decrease on days 8-11, with full recovery on days 23-30 after the inoculation of laboratory ferrets with the distemper virus. Ferrets have also been used in studies related to the function of the immune system in Helicobacter pylori infections, Crohn's disease and bronchial asthma. Keywords: cross-reactive reagents, immunology, immune response, Mustelidae Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 408-417 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/22/2021-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/22/2021-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202208-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:8:id:22-2021-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H Turlewicz-Podbielska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: CJ Kowalski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: A Burmanczuk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: A Vynjarska Author-Workplace-Name: Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Lviv, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine Author-Name: J Wojciechowski Author-Workplace-Name: VETPOL, Grudziadz, Poland Author-Name: M Pomorska-Mol Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: M Rybska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Title: Tolerance of Biopronil Spot on® after repeated single- or multiple-dose topical treatments in dogs Abstract: A variety of toxic effects of fipronil (FIP), the active substance of Biopronil Spot on®, on animals and humans has been reported and raises the need to investigate the FIP toxic effects. The objectives of the study were the evaluation of the local and systemic tolerance of Biopronil Spot on® and the assessment of its influence on haematological and biochemical blood parameters after single and multiple topical treatment in dogs. Thirty-two mixed breed dogs were included in the study assessing the local and general tolerance of Biopronil Spot on® following single, triple and fivefold dose after spot-on multiple applications in dogs (on days 0, +28 and +56) at a dosage 134 mg for a dog weighing 10-20 kg and 268 mg for a dog weighing 21-40 kg. A physical examination and biochemical and haematological analyses were performed on the days of the study as follows: -14, -5, +3, +31, +59, +70. No visible pathological changes on the skin were observed. The biochemical and haematological indicators rarely exceeded the reference values. No influence of Biopronil Spot on® administered in single, triple and fivefold repeated doses on the assessed clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters in dogs was found under the conditions described in the study. Keywords: adverse effects, biochemical indicators, fipronil, haematological indicators, substance-related disorders Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 418-429 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/6/2021-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6/2021-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202208-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:8:id:6-2021-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: CS Lin Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Taiwan, R.O.C. Author-Name: CH Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Author-Name: VSK Adi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Author-Name: CW Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Author-Name: YI Cheng Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Author-Name: JH Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Author-Name: YC Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Title: A statistical approach to identify prevalent virulence factors responsible for post-weaning diarrhoeic piglets Abstract: A statistical approach was carried out to identify the prevalent virulence factors responsible for post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD). Healthy piglets' faecal samples and diarrhoeic piglets' rectal swab specimens were secured. Twenty-six (26) and 100 independent enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains were subsequently isolated. These strains were assessed utilising polymerase chain reaction to identify the encoding genes of six virulence factors: heat-labile enterotoxin (LT; encoded by eltAB), heat-stable enterotoxin A (STa; encoded by estA), heat-stable enterotoxin B (STb; encoded by estB), enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1; encoded by astA), Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e; encoded by stx2e), and F18 fimbriae (encoded by fedA). The LT and ST secretions were investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. From direct observation, no stx2e was evident in the 126 strains. Among the 26 strains retrieved from the healthy piglets, none harboured fedA or secreted LT; 23% (6/26) secreted ST, and 50% (13/26) carried astA. A statistical regression was applied on the 100 E. coli strains retrieved from the diarrhoeic piglets, where fedA was set as the dependent variable and the enterotoxin secretions were set as the independent variables. The results exhibit that the LT secretion was the only significant factor (P < 0.000 1) correlated to fedA in the diarrhoeic piglets; thus, it is concluded that the prevalent virulence factors for PWD were the ECET strain with F18 fimbriae adhesion and LT secretion, but not astA or stx2e. Keywords: enteroaggregative heat-stable enterotoxin, F18 fimbriae, heat-labile enterotoxin, heat-stable enterotoxin, Shiga toxin 2e Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 430-439 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/84/2021-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/84/2021-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202208-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:8:id:84-2021-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M Koleckarova Author-Workplace-Name: Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z Knotkova Author-Workplace-Name: Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z Knotek Author-Workplace-Name: Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Influence of blood storage on the haematological values in captive green iguanas (Iguana iguana) Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of long-term blood storage in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1) on selected haematological values in the green iguana. Seven adult captive-bred green iguanas (Iguana iguana) were enrolled in this study. Samples of CPDA-1-blood mixture (ratio 1 : 7) were kept at 4 °C for 28 days. Haematological examinations were performed immediately after the blood was collected (D0) and repeated at one-week intervals (D7, D14, D21 and D28). The total erythrocyte and leukocyte counts at D21 and D28 differed significantly from the values at D0 (P < 0.05). Significant differences (P < 0.05) in the haemoglobin concentrations (in comparison to D0) were detected at D14, D21 and D28. Starting at D14, marked erythrocyte degradation was present in the majority of the samples and various degrees of leukocyte degradation were present in all the samples. The mean haemolytic scores at D0, D7, D14, D21 and D28 were 0.14 ± 0.38, 0.71 ± 0.95, 1.43 ± 0.98, 2.14 ± 1.35 and 2.43 ± 1.62, respectively. The results indicate that it is possible to keep the whole blood of green iguanas in CPDA-1 at 4 °C for seven days, as statistically significant changes in the haematological values begin to appear on the 14th day of blood storage. Keywords: citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine, erythrocytes, haematology, leukocytes, reptiles Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 440-446 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/66/2021-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/66/2021-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202208-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:8:id:66-2021-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SY Park Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: JS Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: HY Yoon Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: HE Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Sung-Yong Park and Jong-Sun Lee contributed equally to this work Author-Name: JH Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Title: Different outcomes of multiple sialadenitis involving the submandibular and zygomatic salivary glands in a Welsh Corgi dog Abstract: A ten-year-old indoor, castrated male Cardigan Welsh Corgi (Canis familiaris) presented with the chief complaints of chronic vomiting, retching, hypersalivation, and bilateral submandibular masses for two months. The systemic examinations, including serum chemistry, radiography, ultrasonography, and fluoroscopy, were unremarkable. A fine-needle aspiration revealed bilateral submandibular sialadenitis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics with phenobarbital were prescribed to alleviate the ptyalism. Thereafter, the left submandibular glands were normalised, and the right submandibular glands decreased to half their size. Three weeks later, the animal had an emergency visit because of a sudden left exophthalmos. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed enlarged left zygomatic and right mandibular salivary glands. The affected glands were surgically removed; the histopathologic examination confirmed non-septic sialadenitis, and the patient was finally diagnosed with idiopathic sialadenitis. Vomiting continued after the gland removal and the dog required a gradual increase in the phenobarbital dosage and an additional antiepileptic drug (potassium bromide) to manage the symptoms. The patient died eight months later from an unknown cause. This case report of bilateral submandibular sialadenitis concurrent with unilateral zygomatic sialadenitis in a Welsh Corgi dog suggests that when multiple salivary glands are involved, the response to anti-epileptic drugs and the prognosis is poor compared to that involving a single salivary gland. Keywords: hypersalivation, limbic epilepsy, phenobarbital Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 447-453 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/174/2020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/174/2020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202208-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:67:y:2022:i:8:id:174-2020-VETMED