Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: MA Mohd Shaufi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: SL Chia Author-Workplace-Name: Research Laboratory of Probiotics and Cancer Therapeutics, UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: H Abu Hassim Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: MT Yusof Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: MA Akbar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: AAL Song Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: S Mustafa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Title: Effect of bacteriophages on growth performance and health indicators in broiler chickens in the absence of bacterial challenge - A review Abstract: This review examines bacteriophages as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in broiler chickens, with a unique focus on effects observed in studies without experimental bacterial challenges. Driven by global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) concerns and sustainable poultry production demands, phage supplementation, a targeted strategy, potentially improves growth performance and gut health by preserving beneficial microbiota. This literature analysis assesses phage efficacy in healthy broilers under non-challenge conditions, evaluating key variables such as phage concentration, delivery, and targets, as well as outcomes such as feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gut health markers. Crucially, this review extends beyond efficacy to explore phage immunomodulatory capabilities, outlines optimisation strategies, and addresses risks and mitigation. Key findings show mixed efficacy of phages in non-challenged broilers: significant improvements in FCR and gut health were generally observed with high phage concentrations (e.g., ≥108 PFU/g) and continuous delivery protocols, whereas lower doses yielded inconsistent or minimal benefits. Furthermore, choosing which bacteria phages target - for example, aiming at pathogens like Salmonella or managing common gut bacteria such as E. coli - greatly impacts outcomes. While phages show considerable potential as AGP alternatives, the review highlights that further research is vital to resolve inconsistencies, standardise protocols, and understand host genetic and environmental influences to optimise their commercial application. Keywords: antibiotic alternatives, feed efficiency, gut microbiota, phage formulation, poultry health Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 35-53 Volume: 71 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/5/2025-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5/2025-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202602-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:2:id:5-2025-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R Batista Viana Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil Author-Name: A Araujo Borges Lima Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil Author-Name: Soares JM de Sousa Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil Author-Name: G Meireles Borges Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil Author-Name: D Araujo Marques Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil Author-Name: Lobato SM da Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil Author-Name: D de Menezes Melo Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil Author-Name: JC Melem Santos Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil Author-Name: L do Socorro Bremgarter Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil Author-Name: PE Zezema Author-Workplace-Name: Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém, PA, Brazil Author-Name: S da Gama Barbosa Monger Author-Workplace-Name: Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém, PA, Brazil Author-Name: G Melo Alves dos Santos Author-Workplace-Name: Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil Author-Name: PP Maia Teixeira Author-Workplace-Name: Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil Author-Name: G Rodrigues Galvao Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil Author-Name: J Dantas Ribeiro Filho Author-Workplace-Name: Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil Author-Name: B Moura Monteiro Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, PA, Brazil Title: Ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a female buffalo Abstract: Ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an epithelial neoplasm that affects the ocular and periocular tissues, often associated with factors such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The disease is rarely reported in buffalo, particularly regarding its progression and treatment. This report describes a case of a buffalo with a pink mass in the right eye showing signs of inflammation. After clinical examination and initial treatment with topical solutions and systemic drugs, the tumour continued to grow. As a result, surgery was performed to remove the mass while preserving the eyeball and third eyelid. The procedure was successful, and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of OSCC. Postoperative recovery was satisfactory. It was concluded that early surgical treatment followed by medical treatment allowed complete recovery in the buffalo with OSCC. Keywords: Amazonia, buffaloes, eye, ocular neoplasia Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 73-81 Volume: 71 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/26/2025-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/26/2025-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202602-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:2:id:26-2025-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: IA Susianto Author-Workplace-Name: Doctoral Research Degree, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Workplace-Name: Obstetric Gynecology Department, Anugerah Women and Children Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Workplace-Name: Obstetric Gynecology Department, Medical Faculty, Soegijapranta Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Name: N Susilaningsih Author-Workplace-Name: Doctoral Research Degree, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Workplace-Name: Anatomy Histology Department, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Name: ST Hidayat Author-Workplace-Name: Doctoral Research Degree, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Workplace-Name: Obstetric Gynecology Department, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Name: Hardian Author-Workplace-Name: Doctoral Research Degree, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Workplace-Name: Physiology Department, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Name: RR Tjandrawinata Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnology Department, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Banten, Indonesia Author-Name: B Rachmawati Author-Workplace-Name: Doctoral Research Degree, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Author-Workplace-Name: Endocrinology and Clinical Pathology Department, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Title: The inhibition of deep peritoneal endometriosis by Andrographolide through macrophage M1 activity in an endometriosis mice model Abstract: This study aims to demonstrate that Andrographolide, an herbal immunostimulant, can influence M1 macrophages to inhibit inflammation, including the growth of endometriosis caused by inflammation. This study evaluates the effects of Andrographolide on suppressing endometriosis through M1 macrophage activity. This post-test-only experimental study involved 42 female Balb/C mice, which were divided into six groups: Group N, KN (endometriosis without therapy), and KP (endometriosis + dienogest), P1 (endometriosis with 0.05 mg/kg), P2 (endometriosis + 0.1 mg/kg Andrographolide), and P3 (endometriosis + 0.2 mg/kg Andrographolide). Peritoneal fluid was aspirated, and the peritoneum was cut and stretched to observe the extent of the endometriosis. This study compared the formation of ectopic endometrial lesions and analysed the M1/M2 ratio in each group that received standard therapy versus Andrographolide therapy. The results from peritoneal fluid flow cytometry indicated that M1 was more dominant than M2 compared with KP. The levels of M2 in the P2 and P3 groups were also significantly lower than in the KN group. This study demonstrated that Andrographolide may enhance the regulation of M1 macrophage differentiation, acting as a precursor to endometriosis growth by suppressing M2 phenotypes that promote the condition. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, endometriosis, immunomodulator, peritoneal macrophage Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 62-72 Volume: 71 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/32/2025-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2025-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202602-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:2:id:32-2025-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C Bounoua Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomic and Bioinformatic, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Chlef, Algeria Author-Name: D Souna Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomic and Bioinformatic, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Chlef, Algeria Author-Name: MEA Bekara Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomic and Bioinformatic, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Chlef, Algeria Author-Name: I Belabdi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Chlef, Algeria Author-Name: M Sebaihia Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomic and Bioinformatic, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Chlef, Algeria Author-Name: N Mimoune Author-Workplace-Name: Higher National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria; Biotechnologies Platform for Animal Medicine & Reproduction (BIOMERA), Saad Dahleb Blida University 1, Blida, Algeria Title: Bovine mastitis: Risk factors and isolation of Gram-negative bacteria in Western Algeria Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted in western Algeria between February and October 2024, aimed at determining the prevalence of bovine mastitis, Gram-negative bacilli, and their associated risk factors. A total of 524 cows were sampled using clinical examination and the California mastitis test. Milk samples from the affected quarter were subjected to bacteriological assays. Three generalised linear mixed models were used to identify the risk factors for clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM), as well as Gram-negative bacilli isolates associated with bovine mastitis. Model selection was performed using the Akaike information criterion. The prevalence of mastitis was 59.7% at the cow level, of which 12.6% was CM and 47.14% SCM. Overall, 65.5% of the mastitis cows showed a positive culture for Gram-negative bacilli. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia spp. (44%), Klebsiella spp. (23.1%), and Pseudomonas spp. (11.6%). The parity, contact with visitors, and daily milk yield (l/day) were identified as risk factors for SCM in dairy cows. However, foremilk discarding reduced the risk of developing SCM. A history of mastitis, udder injuries, udder and leg hygiene scores, and parity were identified as risk factors for CM. Nevertheless, none of the variables examined were risk factors for an udder infection by the Gram-negative bacilli isolates. Keywords: dairy herds, environmental effect, epidemiology, prevalence, subclinical and clinical mastitis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 54-61 Volume: 71 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/40/2025-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/40/2025-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202602-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:2:id:40-2025-VETMED