Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N Hodkovicova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A Hollerova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Gebauer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Crhanova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K Stastny Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Faldyna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Microplastic-induced changes in the rainbow trout gut: Insights from transcriptomic, proteomic, and microbial approaches Abstract: This study examined the intestinal effects of polyethylene (PE; size 46.6 ± 11.3 µm) and polystyrene (PS; size 52.5 ± 11.5 µm) microparticles at three different concentrations (0.5%, 2%, and 5%) on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using an integrative approach combining transcriptomics, proteomics, and microbiome analysis. After a six-week experiment, molecular analyses identified concentration-dependent transcriptional responses, including downregulation of genes involved in ion exchange (slc9a1b) and appetite regulation (ghrl), alongside upregulation of immune- and stress-related genes (il10, tfa), particularly at higher concentrations. Proteomic profiling showed a more pronounced effect of PS compared to PE, including suppression of digestive enzymes, disruption of lipid and energy metabolism, and activation of proteins associated with oxidative stress and immune responses. Microbiome analysis confirmed plastic-induced dysbiosis, characterised by reduced microbial diversity, depletion of beneficial taxa (e.g., Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota), and shifts in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. By integrating multiple levels of biological organisation, this study provides new insights into how microplastics interfere with intestinal physiology, beyond acute toxicity. The findings emphasise the relevance of polymer type and exposure concentration in shaping biological responses and highlight the vulnerability of freshwater species to environmental microplastics. Keywords: gene expression, microbiome, polyethylene, polystyrene, Salmonidae, sequencing Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 295-309 Volume: 71 Issue: 8 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/85/2025-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/85/2025-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202608-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:8:id:85-2025-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ASM Aljohani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Medical Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: S Al Dakhil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Medical Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: AS Soliman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Basic Sciences, Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt Author-Name: M El-Alreshoodi Author-Workplace-Name: Salam Veterinary Group, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: IM El-Ashmawy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Title: The efficacy of sap obtained from Commiphora gileadensis against cadmium-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male rats Abstract: Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, ranks among the top ten environmental threats to human health, adversely affecting vital organs such as the central nervous system, kidneys, liver, pancreas, lungs, and testes. The antioxidant potentials of Commiphora gileadensis (CG) sap in vitro were estimated by the total phenolic and flavonoid content, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radical scavenging. The reducing activities were also assessed using copper (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, CUPRAC) and ferric (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP). The protective effects of the CG sap against Cd-induced liver and kidney damage in male rats were investigated in vivo. Forty-two healthy adult male albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups and treated for 60 days as follows: G1 (negative control), G2 (50 mg/l cadmium chloride in drinking water), G3 and G4 (100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg CG sap, respectively), G5 (50 mg/l cadmium chloride + 100 mg/kg CG sap), G6 (50 mg/l cadmium chloride + 400 mg/kg CG sap), and G7 (1 % Tween 80, 1 ml/rat as a vehicle). The in vitro investigation revealed the potential antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS) and reducing (CUPRAC, FRAP) activities of the sap obtained from Commiphora gileadensis. Additionally, the in vivo experiment showed that cadmium exposure resulted in significantly increased malondialdehyde, reduced catalase and antioxidant capacities, and impaired liver and kidney functions. However, the co-administration of CG sap markedly ameliorated these adverse effects in a dose-dependent manner, improving the antioxidant capacity and restoring the hepato-renal function by improving the biochemical parameters and histological structure. It could be concluded that CG sap has the potential as a natural therapeutic agent to mitigate cadmium toxicity and its associated environmental hazards. Keywords: antioxidants, heavy metals, histopathology, liver and kidney functions, medicinal plant Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 322-336 Volume: 71 Issue: 8 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/86/2025-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/86/2025-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202608-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:8:id:86-2025-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I Papezikova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology & Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Fisheries and Hydrobiology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V Vaibarova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L Pojezdal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K Matejickova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Blahova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J Mendel Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E Maresova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I Mikulikova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology & Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Fisheries and Hydrobiology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M Palikova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology & Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Fisheries and Hydrobiology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I Toulova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology & Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, Fisheries and Hydrobiology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Susceptibility of different rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) genetic lines to infectious disease Abstract: This study assessed the resistance of three rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) genetic lines to three pathogens, the bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum and the parasites Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, by monitoring mortality, immune parameters (leukocyte count and phagocytic activity), and pathogen load. Two of the fish lines tested carried quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to the selected pathogens. Unexpectedly, the line with declared genetic resistance exhibited the highest mortality rate following F. psychrophilum infection, suggesting the influence of additional factors such as differences in strain virulence or interactions between genetic background and environmental conditions. Following I. multifiliis infection, the resistant line initially exhibited a higher parasite load but later achieved more efficient parasite clearance. Overall, the findings suggest that disease resistance in trout is a complex trait influenced by interactions between genotype, pathogen and environment. Consequently, resistant lines must always be tested under specific conditions of the target aquaculture facility before implementation. Keywords: genetic resistance, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, proliferative kidney disease, rainbow trout fry syndrome, white spot disease Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 310-321 Volume: 71 Issue: 8 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/100/2025-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/100/2025-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202608-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:8:id:100-2025-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y Gunes Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkiye Author-Name: Y Gultekin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkiye Author-Name: O Dogan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkiye Author-Name: C Anlas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkiye Author-Name: O Ustuner Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkiye Author-Name: N Yilmaz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkiye Author-Name: T Bakirel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkiye Title: Effects of vitamins A and E on eprinomectin transport in Caco-2 cells Abstract: Eprinomectin (EPR) is a macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic widely used in veterinary medicine. Although the off-label oral use of the pour-on formulation of EPR is known to be effective and practical, data regarding its interactions with foods or vitamin supplements that may affect intestinal absorption remain limited. This study investigated the effects of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin E (VE) on the transepithelial permeability of EPR using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. An analytical method for EPR quantification was developed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The integrity of tight junction dynamics in epithelial monolayers was monitored using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) throughout the 21-day differentiation protocol. Apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated in both apical-to-basolateral and basolateral-to-apical directions and compared between EPR alone and EPR combined with the vitamins. EPR alone exhibited moderate permeability across Caco-2 monolayers (7.64 ± 2.27 × 10-6 cm/s). Notably, our results demonstrate that co-treatment of EPR with VA alone, as well as co-treatment with the combination of VA and VE, significantly reduced EPR permeability in vitro (P < 0.001). These findings highlight possible food/nutrient-drug interactions relevant to veterinary oral drug administration, and additional mechanistic and in vivo studies will be necessary to clarify the underlying pathways. Keywords: Caco-2 transwell model, eprinomectin, fat-soluble vitamins, intestinal permeability, P-glycoprotein Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 337-347 Volume: 71 Issue: 8 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/8/2026-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8/2026-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202608-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:8:id:8-2026-VETMED