Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N Mutschler Author-Workplace-Name: Chair of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Munich, Germany Author-Name: J Maierl Author-Workplace-Name: Chair of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Munich, Germany Title: Origin and composition of the brachial plexus in the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Abstract: Alpacas (Vicugna pacos), members of the family Camelidae, are gaining popularity in Europe and worldwide. This study describes the origin and composition of the brachial plexus in alpacas and compares them with those of selected mammals. Six alpacas, aged one day to 16 years, were examined. In five animals, the plexus was formed by the ventral branches of C7, C8, and T1; in one specimen, T2 also contributed. After passing through the scalenus muscles - with C7 traversing separately from the caudal roots (C8, T1) - the roots continued as trunks toward the forelimb. Fibre exchange resulted in the formation of two cords. Nerves to the shoulder girdle muscles, except for the caudal pectoral nerve, contained only C8 fibre bundles. The suprascapular, subscapular, and axillary nerves arose from the cranial cord (C7, C8), which continued distally as the radial nerve (C8, T1). The caudal cord first gave rise to the cranial pectoral nerve (C8), followed by the caudal pectoral nerve (C8, T1) and the ulnar nerve (C8, T1), and then continued as the median nerve. The musculocutaneous nerve (C7, C8) originated at the trunk level, coursed caudally, and joined the median nerve in the ansa axillaris, resulting in the median nerve containing fibre bundles from all three spinal nerves. The reduced number of contributing spinal nerves and the distinctive arrangement of the plexus may be related to the elongated cervical vertebrae of alpacas. These findings support clinical applications, particularly in forelimb surgery and nerve block techniques, and provide comparative insights into morphological adaptation of the brachial plexus among mammals. Keywords: cervical vertebrae, comparative anatomy, peripheral nerves, regional anaesthesia Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 354-372 Volume: 71 Issue: 9 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/94/2025-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/94/2025-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202609-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:9:id:94-2025-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C Park Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan City, Jeollabuk do, Republic of Korea Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Dentistry, Royal Animal Medical Centre, Jungnang-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: MM Rahman Author-Workplace-Name: Gachon Pain Centre and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea Author-Name: K Han Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan City, Jeollabuk do, Republic of Korea Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Dentistry, Royal Animal Medical Centre, Jungnang-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: I Jeong Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery, Royal Animal Medical Centre, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: NS Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan City, Jeollabuk do, Republic of Korea Title: Guided tissue regeneration for severe periodontal disease in dogs: A retrospective study Abstract: Clinical evidence on guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in dogs with advanced periodontal defects is limited. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes and tooth survival after GTR in dogs with severe periodontal disease. The medical records of 67 dogs with 129 treated teeth/sites in total were reviewed. The regenerative treatment consisted of an enamel matrix derivative or bovine-derived xenograft in combination with a collagen membrane, which was selected based on the clinical characteristics of each case. Periodontal outcomes were assessed based on probing depth, clinical attachment level, radiographic bone defect size, and tooth survival at postoperative follow-up examinations. Significant postoperative improvements were observed in the clinical and radiographic parameters. The tooth survival rates at 3-5, 6-8, 10-13, and 18-24 months were 98.45%, 97.67%, 96.12%, and 93.02%, respectively. These findings suggest that GTR is a tooth-preserving treatment option for selected dogs with severe periodontal defects. However, the long-term outcomes should be interpreted cautiously because the follow-up was incomplete and variable, the number of cases decreased over time, and no control group was included. Keywords: bone defect, clinical attachment level, dogs, guided tissue regeneration, periodontal disorder, probing depth Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 373-386 Volume: 71 Issue: 9 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/96/2025-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/96/2025-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202609-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:9:id:96-2025-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J-H Han Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S-E Ryu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Workplace-Name: Seoul Wildlife Centre, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: H-W An Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: HJ Son Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: SY Ahn Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: J Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: JW Park Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S-C Yeon Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Workplace-Name: Seoul Wildlife Centre, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Title: Evaluation of organ visualisation and biopsy quality during left-sided coelioscopy in rescued Northern boobooks (Ninox japonica) Abstract:  Intra-vital diagnosis in wild raptors can be confounded by their stoic nature, often leading to cryptic morbidity. While coelioscopy offers a minimally invasive alternative, its performance regarding diagnostic utility and biopsy quality remains uncharacterised in small owls. Eight Northern boobooks (Ninox japonica) underwent diagnostic coelioscopy using a 2.7 mm rigid endoscope. Ease of coelomic entry was scored on a predefined scale, followed by a clockwise systematic survey of the anterior, dorsal, and caudal quadrants, during which organ visibility was graded. Lung, liver, and kidney biopsies were acquired; for four euthanised owls, these were compared with necropsy tissues to assess diagnostic concordance. Two-thirds of the biopsy specimens were considered identifiable as the target organ based on characteristic histological features. Kidney samples were of excellent diagnostic quality, and liver samples were of fair quality, with both demonstrating high consistency with post-mortem findings. In contrast, lung biopsies were frequently compromised by severe iatrogenic artefacts, such as parenchymal collapse and fragmentation, rendering their histopathological value poor. Coelioscopy affords reliable intra-vital access to liver and kidney tissue in Northern boobooks, supporting clinical evaluation of hepatorenal disease. Given the frequent artefact burden, pulmonary specimens should be interpreted cautiously and supplemented by alternative sampling strategies. Keywords: avian histopathology, coelioscopic-guided biopsy, minimally invasive technique, raptor medicine, Strigiformes Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 387-397 Volume: 71 Issue: 9 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/9/2026-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/9/2026-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/9/2026-VETMED.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202609-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:9:id:9-2026-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K Tvarozkova Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republik Author-Name: B Gancarova Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republik Author-Name: L Cernek Author-Workplace-Name: VETWELL s.r.o., Lužianky, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L Macuhova Author-Workplace-Name: National Agriculture and Food Centre, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M Uhrincat Author-Workplace-Name: National Agriculture and Food Centre, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M Vrskova Author-Workplace-Name: National Agriculture and Food Centre, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V Tancin Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republik Author-Workplace-Name: National Agriculture and Food Centre, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Title: The occurrence of minor mastitis pathogens in dairy cows in Slovakia Abstract: Udder health in the dairy industry is one of the main factors influencing the production of high-quality and safe dairy products. In dairy practice, the udder is exposed to the presence of microorganisms, which, after penetration through the teat canal into the tissue, cause the main health problem - mastitis. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of minor pathogens in the milk of dairy cows with suspected udder health problems under the conditions of Slovak dairy farms in 2017-2023. A total of 47 dairy farms were involved, and 2 236 udder quarter milk samples were collected from dairy cows. Minor pathogens accounted for 11.38% of the identified pathogens in milk samples, indicating their low incidence in dairy practice. In total, the most frequent minor pathogens were Enterococcus spp. (2.65%), Serratia marcescens (1.77%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.41%), with differences in occurrence in the studied years. In conclusion, the occurrence of minor mastitis pathogens in milk samples indicates lower importance in causing mastitis problems, but their identification is also necessary for the application of preventive anti-mastitis programmes and mastitis treatment. Keywords: cows, mastitis, milk, minor pathogens Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 349-353 Volume: 71 Issue: 9 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/14/2026-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/14/2026-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/14/2026-VETMED.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-202609-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:71:y:2026:i:9:id:14-2026-VETMED