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We studied the distribution of virus/viruses causing tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) in Antalya and to characterise the partial genome sequences of the selected isolates. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was only detected by the triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24 and 80 greenhouses were found to be TYLCV-infected in the spring and autumn cultivations in 2011, respectively. The rate of TYLCV infection was found to be 29% in the spring cultivation and 43.7% in the autumn cultivation. The partial nucleotide sequences of the isolates were also determined.

The research was focused on operational measurements of tractor plough tools and their subsequent utilisation and simulation under laboratory conditions by a hydrostatic simulator. In this field, theoretical and experimental works were focused on tractors, whereby the proposal of laboratory test arose out of the loading characteristics of the three-point linkage of the tractor. These characteristics were obtained from the agricultural tractor's operation in plough aggregation. Measurements were performed with the following tools: tractor with carrier-mounted four-mouldboard plough PH1-435 and tractor with Kuhn plough manufactured by. The subject of these measurements was to obtain the time courses of forces and pressures in the hydraulic system of the three-point linkage during ploughing with carrier-mounted and semi-mounted ploughs. For objective comparison of the obtained results during experimental measurements, we determined the characteristics of measurement conditions focused on physical and mechanical properties of the soil - bulk density, moisture, penetrometer resistance and slide strength of the soil.

Oxidative stress in the body occurs when the production of free radicals overwhelms the antioxidant defence systems. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a combination of dexmedetomidine, midazolam, butorphanol, and atropine (DMBA) as an anaesthetic on plasma oxidative status in twelve raccoon dogs. Baseline measures were recorded prior to anaesthesia, and then the animals were anaesthetised with the combination of dexmedetomidine (25 ug/kg), midazolam (0.45 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.25 mg/kg), and atropine (0.035 mg/kg). Temperature, respiratory rate, haemoglobin saturation by oxygen, pulse rate, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, and mean arterial pressure were continually monitored. Blood pressure was significantly decreased at 30 to 60 min (P < 0.05). Pulse rate ranged from 96 to 123 bpm, without episodes of severe bradycardia or tachycardia. Blood samples were collected from saphenous venipuncture at 0, 0.5, 1, and 24 h before, during, and after anaesthesia. Plasma superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity, and malondialdehyde concentrations were measured by colorimetry, and plasma vitamin E level was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 0.5 h, and then gradually decreased to baseline values after 1 h. Catalase activity increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 0.5 h, 1 h, and then gradually decreased to baseline values after 24 h. There was no significant change in vitamin E level (P < 0.05).The concentration of malondialdehyde decreased significantly at 0.5, 1, and 24 h after injection (P < 0.05). The results show that the administered dose of dexmedetomidine, midazolam, butorphanol, and atropine has antioxidant effects in raccoon dogs. Our study is the first to demonstrate that dexmedetomidine, midazolam, butorphanol, and atropine exert antioxidant effects, which may be exploited to alleviate the stress of examination and research at veterinary clinics.

In order to achieve homeostasis of soil, the potential of alleviating substances (two innovative: basalt flour and brown algae extract against two classic compounds: barley straw and compost) were analyzed in soil contaminated with cadmium. The studies thus determined the activity of urease, number of ammonification bacteria, nitrogen-immobilizing bacteria, Arthrobacter sp., Azotobacter sp., and spring barley yield. The analyzed parameters were presented as the following indices: RS - resistance of soil; EF - fertilization effect of an alleviating substance; and R:S - rhizosphere effect. Cadmium was applied as CdCl₂∙2.5H₂O at the following doses: 0, 4, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 mg Cd²⁺/kgof soil. Straw increased the values of most examined parameters, mainly at lower doses of cadmium. Among the cultivated plants, resistance was most stimulated by compost. Basalt flour and brown algae extract did not play a major role in the recovery of contaminated soil. Ammonification bacteria were the least sensitive to stress associated with the deposition of cadmium in soil, whereas Azotobacter sp. was the most sensitive. Urease was found to be a reliable indicator of soil condition.

Evaluation was performed of the effect made by integrated and conventional production systems on phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of cv. Senga Sengana strawberry grown under greenhouse conditions over two consecutive years. The experiment also involved three different types of fertilizer. The integrated production system provides significantly larger quantities of polyphenols as well as a higher antioxidant capacity, compared to values obtained using the conventional system. The investigation into total phenolics content and total antioxidant capacity, as well as individual flavonols and phenolic acids (except gallic acid) content reveals a pronounced effect of the applied biofertilizers (PGPR 1 and PGPR 2). On the other hand, applied chemical fertilizer (Multi KMg) gives the best results in terms of anthocyanins content. These results indicate that there were significant differences in phenols content among integrated and conventional production systems, as well as between biofertilizers and a chemical fertilizer.

Coleoptera research was conducted in the Mlyňany Arboretum of SAS (48°19'12''N, 18°22'09''E) in 2013. Once per week monitoring was carried out from late April to early October. During the sample collection process, an occurrence of Scobicia chevrieri (Villa & Villa 1835) from the Bostrichidae family has been recorded. It is considered to be the first record of this powderpost beetle species in the Slovak Republic. An imago was caught in a light trap which uses UV tubes in combination with white light. Its potential host plant seems to be Quercus robur L., or other Quercus species found in the Mlyňany Arboretum of SAS.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of immunising farm animals with the Histophilus somni recombinant heat shock protein 60kDa (H. somni rHsp60) in field conditions. Fifty piglets, 10 calves and 30 hens were immunised twice, and the same number of each species was used as the control. The humoral immune response was evaluated using ELISA in piglets (IgG, IgA and IgM) and calves (IgG₁, IgG₂ and IgM) sera and in hen egg yolks (IgY). Cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated using the skin test. Concentrations of serum haptoglobin in calves and piglets and plasma fibrinogen in calves, daily weight gain in piglets, as well as the inner body temperature and clinical signs in calves were measured to evaluate the clinical effects of vaccination. In animals immunised twice with H. somni rHsp60, a statistically significant increase in IgY antibodies in egg yolk as well as serum IgG₁ and IgG₂ antibodies in calves (P < 0.05) was found. In piglets, the antibody reaction against H. somni rHsp60 was higher in the experimental than in the control group, but the difference was significant only for the IgG class (P < 0.05). A moderate cell-mediated immune response to H. somni rHsp60 measured using the skin test was observed in piglets after 24 h (P < 0.05), but not in calves and hens. The daily weight gain was significantly higher in the experimental than in the control piglets (P < 0.05). The fibrinogen and haptoglobin levels in calves, as well as the inner body temperature, indicated a reduced risk of pathology in the experimental group of calves. The preliminary results confirmed the immunogenicity of H. somni rHsp60. A beneficial effect on piglet weight gain was observed. The obtained results warrant further studies of the protective effects of H. somni rHsp60 as an ingredient of subunit vaccines in farm animals.

The goal of this study was to analyse the quality and dormancy of beechnuts originating from different harvesting sites within large UA and to determine the homogeneity of seed lots from large-scale areas. Currently, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) accounts for 7.21% of the forested area of this country. Almost 24,000 ha of beech are registered as units of approval (UA) for harvesting of reproductive material. About 40% of these UA are made up of areas of 10 ha consisting of stands with different micro-sites. Beechnut dormancy and thus the chilling requirements for the rate of germination are affected by provenance and weather conditions (precipitation and temperature) during seed maturation. Beechnuts collected from different harvest sites reached significantly different germination and also showed different degrees of dormancy. Results illustrated that beechnut seed lots collected from large areas (a set of different stands) can show high heterogeneity in germination and dormancy and this can significantly affect the uniformity of pre-sowing treatment and emergence in nurseries.

In recent times, attention has focused on immunostimulants and plant products which could have beneficial effects in disease control. At present, the application of immunostimulants has been considered a more effective approach to health management in aquaculture through the enhancement of immune capability and disease resistance in shrimp. Garlic possesses bactericidal property against bacteria and can inhibit the growth of protozoa as well as gregarine infection in cultured shrimp. However, its effect on viral disease infection has not been well studied and requires further investigation. Garlic can also stimulate shrimp haemocytes as determined by cellular immune responses (phagocytic activity, superoxide anion production and phenoloxidase activity) suggesting that the immune-stimulatory properties of garlic will be useful for improvement of shrimp health. Here, we determined the expression of the immune-related genes Penaeidin, Crustin, Lysozyme, Toll-like, and tumour necrosis factor in kuruma shrimp, upon stimulation with allicin extract. The expression of these factors was measured for the first time and was found to be elevated in intestine and lymphoid organ after in vivo stimulation for 3, 12, 24 and 48 h. We conclude that garlic can be used in shrimp culture as an alternative to antibiotics or chemotherapeutic agents; however, further research is needed under field conditions.

Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a highly contagious virus that is ubiquitous in multicat environments and may induce oxidative stress. This virus commonly causes an asymptomatic infection, which can persist in certain individuals. Sporadically and unpredictably, FCoV infection leads to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a highly fatal systemic immune-mediated disease. There are no data in the veterinary literature relating to oxidative stress in FCoV. Antioxidant capacity (TAC) can be attributed to single components in the defence systems against free radicals. The measurement of the total oxidant status (TOS) accurately reflects the oxidative status of blood plasma or serum. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a free radical and contributes to host defences against oxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a reliable and commonly used marker of overall lipid peroxidation levels and the presence of oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine levels of oxidative stress markers, serum TAC, total oxidant capacity (TOC), NO and serum MDA in 24 cats seropositive for FCoVs and 15 cats seronegative for FCoVs. Significantly higher serum TOC, NO and MDA levels were found in seropositive animals (P < 0.001, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) than in seronegative animals. In contrast, serum TAC levels were found to be significantly lower in seropositive cats compared with seronegative cats (P < 0.001). The results of the present study suggest that FCoV seropositivity is associated with oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant status.

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to investigate the weed suppressive ability of cover crop mulches in sugar beets. Three cover crops and two cover crop mixtures were tested in all four experiments. Weed densities ranged from 2 up to 210 plants/m² in Chenopodium album L. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. as predominant species. Sinapis alba grew significantly faster than Vicia sativa, Raphanus sativus var. niger, and both cover crop mixtures. Sinapis alba, Vicia sativa, Raphanus sativus var. niger reduced weed density by 57, 22, and 15% across all locations, respectively. A mixture of seven different cover crops reduced weed emergence by 64% compared to the control plot without cover crop mulch. Early sugar beet growth was enhanced by all mulch treatments in 2015 and decelerated in 2016.

Bilberry is a valuable wild forest fruit harvested in many countries in Europe. The biological activities of bilberry include antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and anticholinesterase activities. This study examines the protective effects of a bilberry (BB) preparation on IEC-6, Caco-2, and HepG2 cell lines. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to study the cytotoxicity of BB. The genotoxicity was determined using single-cell microgel electrophoresis. The Ames test was employed to assay bilberry mutagenicity. No significant effects of BB (12.5-100 µg dry mass/ml) were observed on the viability of IEC-6, Caco-2, and HepG2 cells. There were no differences in the percentage of DNA in the comet tail between the cells treated with BB (100 µg dry mass/ml) and the control cells. However, a significant reduction of oxidative DNA damage in the HepG2 cells was found. BB exhibited neither mutagenic nor promutagenic effects. Our results suggest that bilberry can be a potential tool in the prevention of chronic diseases, without any undesired effects on the cells of the gastrointestinal tract.

Carcass fat cover is used in many countries as a predictor of meat quality, although studies relating this parameter to sensor y quality of meat are scarce and are mainly based on acceptability or palatability evaluation. The samples of calf chops with three different degrees of carcass fat cover were analysed according to a specific method for sensor y quality assessment. A trained panel evaluated the samples and scored the sensor y quality related to odour, texture, flavour, and persistence. Samples with higher carcass fat cover presented significantly better scores for texture, flavour, and persistence, although not for odour. When calculating global sensor y quality by integrating the cited parameters, significant differences were found between the three fat cover groups. Texture, f lavour, and persistence were also correlated with fat cover and marbling degree. Specific sensor y characteristics (medium tenderness, slightly tough, rancid odour, cooked meat aroma, equal or higher than fat aroma, ver y low aroma intensity, dominance of fat aroma, obvious liver aroma and milky aroma) contributed to explaining the quality differences obser ved among the groups.

Vegetation restorations of degraded meadows have been widely implemented. The evaluation of soil nutrient changes as affected by degradation is vital for efficient restorations. However, while macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) have been widely investigated, sulfur (S) as one important element correlated tightly with other nutrients has not been thoroughly studied. Two studies were conducted to determine changes of sulfur as affected by degradation and elevation gradients. The results showed that available S (AS) changed non-linearly with elevation and the first principal component based on other soil nutrient variables. Soil AS depended on degradation levels and contributed substantially to the separation of meadows with different degradation levels. Moreover, AS responded stronger to changes in elevation gradients and degradation levels compared with other major nutrients. Thereby, AS could be an important nutrient responding to meadow disturbance, which should be considered in future studies on meadow soil nutrients cycling and vegetation restorations. The findings have implications for ecological restoration of degraded meadows with respect to soil nutrient management and conservations.

The differences in egg production traits in six laying hen genotypes (brown-egg hens Bovans Brown, Bovans Sperwer, ISA Sussex; white-egg hen Dekalb White; laying hens with tinted shells Moravia Barred and Moravia BSL) and the interactions of genotype and oviposition on egg quality were evaluated. The genotype affected the laying rate (P ≤ 0.003), mean sequence length (P ≤ 0.001), and time of oviposition (P ≤ 0.001). The brown-egg genotypes laid eggs approximately 1 h earlier than the white-egg genotypes and approximately 2 h earlier than the tinted-egg genotypes. Egg shell strength was the lowest in tinted-egg genotypes (P ≤ 0.001) and declined with the time of oviposition (P ≤ 0.002). Egg shell percentage (P ≤ 0.011) and thickness (P ≤ 0.011) were affected by the interaction of genotype and oviposition. None of the effects affected egg weight; however, the proportion of egg components was significantly influenced by the interaction of genotype and oviposition. The study confirmed that the differences in the egg production and egg quality of various genotypes are associated with the laying pattern.

Agriculture is the sector that consumes by far most water globally. Much research efforts aim at minimizing losses through the use of drip irrigation. Rural agricultural areas often do not have access to a main electrical grid to power the pumps needed for drip irrigation; it reduces the options in paying for a grid extension, getting a diesel generator or investing in an off-grid renewable energy system. In this paper, these alternatives are assessed technically and economically under real world conditions through the Jordan Valley case study. The results show that the autonomous photovoltaic (PV)-battery system is preferable to the use of a diesel generator, as well as it is preferable to the main grid extension in many cases depending on the cost of grid electricity and distance from the grid. For current subsidized grid electricity retail price to farmers, the PV-battery system becomes more attractive above a 300 m distance from the grid, while if the actual cost of electricity production in Jordan is taken into account, then it breaks even to 128 m.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of cis- and trans-isomers of resveratrol and piceid contained in the shoots, leaves and tendrils of six grapevine varieties and three locations processed under two different drying conditions. The highest trans-resveratrol content was found in the shoots; trans-piceid was contained in lesser amounts (7%) and cis-forms only in very small amounts (~1%). In leaves, both forms of piceid were dominant, while in tendrils trans- and cis-forms of piceid were dominant in samples dried in the laboratory oven at 40°C. Pinot Noir differed from other varieties with a high trans-resveratrol amount. Growing location affected trans-resveratrol levels. Our results suggest that the trimmed clippings might be used as a valuable and inexpensive source of stilbenes. Clippings preserved by drying might be further processed to nutraceuticals or as an additive to the feed.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus represents a major threat to the swine industry worldwide. This study describes the transmission of a European strain of PRRS-1 to a pig farm leading to the spread of the virus to different age categories of pigs and the development of clinical signs in pregnant sows and piglets. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome aetiology was confirmed by serological tests and by virus isolation and subsequent sequencing. Repeated mass vaccination using modified live virus was used to synchronise the level of PRRS-specific immunity in all age categories of animals and to hinder virus circulation in the herd. Four months after the second mass vaccination, regular modified live virus vaccination of sows and gilts was implemented. Introduction of sentinel animals demonstrated cessation of virus circulation and the success of the control programme.

The prospects of sparkling wine production by the 'Champenoise' method using alginate-immobilised yeast cells were examined. Grape varieties dominant in quantity were selected within the group of recommended and permitted varieties of Kutjevo vineyards, located in the eastern part of continental Croatia. Research revealed that there are no influential variations in the principal physicochemical and sensory characteristics between sparkling wines obtained through immobilised yeast and traditional sparkling method. The analysis of aroma compounds showed minor differences between samples. Observed oenological parameters assessed in the final products did not show any relevant oenological differences, with the exception of alcohol content, which was slightly higher in sparkling wines made with yeast cells immobilised with calcium alginate beads. According to this research, the sensory properties of the produced sparkling wines, compared to sparkling wine produced with free yeast, did not show any significant differences. On the full-scale obtained results indicate that some of the selected varieties can be sorted as suitable for the production of sparkling wine using immobilised yeast cells.

In this study, 12 microsatellite markers (SSR) were evaluated for their applicability to protect from frauds and misuse the Italian PGI product "Common bean from Lamon". SSR analysis generated polymorphic alleles, with an average of 4 alleles per locus and all in the range of molecular weight between 181 and 284 bp. Twenty-nine variety-specific fragments were identified, which might be reasonably adopted for characterization and traceability purposes. Cluster analysis well outlined the relationships between the genotypes studied. Overall, our study underlines the use and usefulness of molecular markers to protect both farmers and consumers from frauds.

The paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment aimed at the assessment of N₂O emissions, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺ and carbon (C) leaching from agricultural soils subjected to long-term mineral and organic fertilization. Our results show that long-term treatment impacts the N₂O emissions from loamy-sand Luvisols to a greater extent than the recent single application of mineral or organic fertilizers. The N₂O fluxes from soils with higher C_org content that results from long-term organic fertilization exceed those from soils with lower C_org content subsequent to long-term mineral fertilization. Our research confirms previous reports that the intensity of N₂O emission is related to soil moisture. The NO₃^- leaching depended on the recent application of fertilizers with a stronger influence of single application of NH₄NO₃ than farmyard manure. Long-term fertilization did not impact the NO₃^- leaching.

This paper follows up the landscape changes of Prague outskirts from 1990 to 2012 using the CORINE land cover data. It quantifies these changes by observing the acreage decrease and increase of individual types of land cover. The results confirm the frequently emerging trend in Europe, namely the increase of the urban area at the expense of arable land. Another significant change is the increase of pastures in the areas farther from the city. These changes are further analysed to find regularities relating to the relief, to the distance from the city and to the transport and settlement infrastructure. On the bases of the analyses there are defined the types of changes. The most significant change is a decrease of arable land at the expense of discontinuous urban fabric and pastures. The results show that there were changes made to the land cover on an area of 17,429 ha which is equivalent to 7.3% of the evaluated area.

The effect of cold storage of testes and epididymides at 4 °C for 12 h on the cryopreservation capacity of epididymal feline sperm was evaluated. Ten domestic cats were castrated, and testes and epididymides collected. Specimens were randomly assigned to two groups: in Group A, epididymal samples were immediately processed and frozen in 0.25-ml straws; in Group B, both testes and epididymides were maintained in saline at 4 °C for 12 h and sperm was then processed and frozen. Motility, morphology, acrosome status, sperm viability and DNA integrity were assessed in epididymal sperm samples before freezing (baseline), at thawing (0 h) and 6 h post-thawing (6 h). Although values were lower in Group B, no significant intergroup difference was observed for any of the parameters tested either at baseline or at 0 h. However, significantly higher values (P < 0.05) were observed in Group A at 6 h for total sperm motility (29.0 ± 2.4% vs 13.0 ± 4.3%), sperm viability (35.2 ± 5.4% vs 15.4 ± 1.4%) and normal morphology (47.6 ± 0.8% vs 40.0 ± 2.1%). It was observed that motility and acrosome status of epididymal sperm are the most sensitive parameters when both types of sperm samples (from fresh epididymis or from 12 h cold-stored epididymis) are frozen-thawed. When sperm quality was assessed 6 h after thawing, spermatozoa precooled in the epididymides showed significantly lower values for motility, viability and morphology than spermatozoa from fresh epididymal samples.

This paper is part of a broader study which aims to investigate the success factors of agricultural enterprises. It attempts to present the partial results of a questionnaire survey whose goal was to determine the quality of HRM (Human Resource Management) departments in basic agricultural enterprises. Studies focusing on the HRM of basic agricultural enterprises have been published in many countries. In the Slovak Republic, experts and academics from the Slovak University of Technology in Nitra, and the Slovak Research Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics have arrived at perceptive conclusions on the current state of human capital in the agri-food sector and have proposed innovative directions for further development. Surprisingly, however, academia still fails to perceive HR management as a partner in an enterprise, rather than simply a service unit in the organisational structure of the agricultural enterprise. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the role of HRM departments is missing and this paper aims to fill that gap. The methodology of research is based on Ulrich's model of the mixed roles of HR departments (2009), which is used as a framework to determine the quality levels of role performance, defined by the model, of HRM departments. The survey sample consists of 70 basic agricultural enterprises.

In this research, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique combined with back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was employed to analyse different nitrogen (N) fertilization levels in paddy rice. Leaf fluorescence characteristics (FLCs) were measured by using the LIF system built in our laboratory and exhibited different FLCs with different nitrogen fertilization levels. The correlation between fluorescence intensity ratios (F685/F460, F735/F460 and F735/F685) and the dose of N fertilization was established and analysed. Then, the BPNN algorithm was utilized to validate that the different N fertilization levels can be classified based on the three FLCs. The overall identification accuracies of 2014 and 2015 were 90% and 92.5%, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that the three FLCs with the help of multivariate analysis can be served as a helpful tool in the evaluation of paddy rice N fertilization levels. Besides, this study can also provide guidance for the selection of LIF Lidar channels in the following research.

Apricot is one of the oldest fruit tree crops in China and it was spread via Armenia to other areas. There are about ten species of apricot (Subg. Armeniaca Mill.) worldwide, among which nine species are native to China. Sharka disease caused by the Plum pox virus (PPV) is widely distributed in the main producing regions of apricot. In this study, linked simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers were used to detect allele variations potentially associated with PPV resistance among Chinese apricot germplasm resources, including 52 accessions belonging to Prunus armeniaca, 7 to Prunus mandshurica, 6 to Prunus sibirica, 4 to Prunus mume, 17 to other species or types. The allelic variation at loci with PPV resistance showed that these SSR markers linked to PPV resistance kept a relatively high level of diversity in Chinese apricot. The special alleles and genotypes only found in South China cultivars might reveal new PPV resistance sources. Some famous local cultivars of Chinese apricot might be considered as candidates for PPV resistance.

This report describes the case of spontaneous nephro-cutaneous fistula with pyonephrosis due to renal calculi and obstructive nephropathy without renal surgery or trauma history in two dogs. A five-year-old, female, Shih-tzu and a seven-year-old, female, Maltese were presented with erythematous swelling, and subcutaneous abscess formation in their flanks. Complementary exams were performed and ultrasonography revealed marked enlargement of the kidneys with hyperechoic purulent debris filling, subcutaneous abscesses and the formation of draining sinus tracts between renal abscesses and subcutaneous tissue. At surgery, kidneys were grossly dilated and contained purulent material, which was visible in the draining sinus tract in the abdominal wall. Thus, a nephrectomy was performed. The dogs recovered uneventfully and three months later there were no further specific problems.

Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, 160 sweet and sour cherry trees from a germplasm collection, orchards, and wild trees in the Czech Republic were screened for the presence of Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) and Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV). The viruses were detected exclusively in sweet cherry trees in the germplasm collection, with CNRMV determined in two trees and CGRMV in four trees. Using next-generation sequencing, nearly complete genomic sequences (complete ORFs) were obtained for one CNRMV and three CGRMV isolates. Their relatedness to GenBank sequences of isolates from different countries together with negative results from screening outside of the germplasm collection suggests that the viruses had been imported with accessions.

Historically, species of the family Lamiaceae have enjoyed a rich tradition of use for flavouring, food preservation, and medicinal purposes, due to both their curative and their preventive properties. It is well known that each species has a special, complex mixture of bioactive compounds in which each component contributes to its overall bioactivity. Their value lays in the production of a wide range of secondary metabolites with potent antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer activities. This review focuses on the Lamiaceae species and their secondary metabolites encompassing a wide array of beneficial functions and their applicability as sources of functional foods. It could help in addressing specific consumer needs as healthy diet is a part of the lifestyle that maintains or improves overall health.

The effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP1 80% O2/20% CO2 and MAP2 70% N2/30% CO2) on the selected parameters (ammonia, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances /TBARS/) and antioxidant capacity in chilled meat (2 ± 2°C) of organic chickens (breast and thigh) was evaluated. Control samples were packaged using a polyolefin film. The experiment was conducted on day 2 and repeated on day 7, 10, and 14 of storage. TBARS of samples in MAP1 were higher than in samples stored in MAP2. Ammonia in meat in MAP2 was constant during storage. In general, the DPPH inhibition percentage of meat in MAP1 was lower than that in meat in MAP2. Results of the present study indicated that MAP2 could be preferable for the packaging of organic chicken meat.