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The study deals with the monitoring of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in seepage water sampled from differently managed forest plots in the Drahanská vrchovina Upland. Simultaneously, the input of DOC in precipitation and throughfall is evaluated. Preliminary results show higher mobility level of carbon substances in forest soil in a pure spruce stand compared to mixed stand or a pure beech stand. DOC can be one of suitable characteristics to evaluate the conversion effectiveness of spruce monocultures.

The goal of this study was to gather more clinical information about the relationship between Helicobacter species and gastric ulceration in horses. Twenty seven privately owned patients were selected for the clinical study. All horses were gastroscopically examined and biopsies were taken from the glandular mucosa. Stomach biopsies were examined using a PCR assay specific for Helicobacter pylori and/or Helicobacter equorum. In addition, faecal samples from thirteen horses were examined using a PCR assay specific for H. equorum. Twenty five horses (25/27; 93%) had lesions in their stomach. Gastric biopsies from twenty two horses were examined using the H. pylori specific PCR and the ure gene was detected in three of them (3/22; 14%). H. equorum DNA was not found in the stomach of any of the ten horses examined. H. equorum was diagnosed in only one faecal sample from the thirteen horses examined (1/13; 8%) and that case was not associated with gastric pathology. This study shows the possibility of sporadic detection of the ure gene in the equine stomach affected by mucosal ulceration.

There exists no energy policy in the European Union, but rather a whole series of long-term goals setting its strategic orientation. Until 2000, when the Green Book named "Towards the European Strategy of Energy Supplies Securing" was accepted, no real debate on the strategy of energy was held in the EU. The Green Book represents a key document of the European energy policy and it originated as a consequence of the fears of the European Committee regarding the growing energy dependence on the energy resources imports, from the politically not stable parts of the world. Among the three key points of the energy strategy, there belong stable supply of energy, acceptable energy prices and environment protection. With regard to the deepening European integration and interconnection of the individual member states economies, the decisions of one country also have an energy impact on the other states. Therefore, the cooperation among the individual members is necessary.

The quality of water has to be controlled and monitored by drinking water suppliers during all stages of the treatment process from the water sources to the end of distribution systems. The research, performed in Czech Republic from 2006 to 2008, deals with the assessment of the affect of water tanks on the quality of water supplied to consumers, specifically from various points of view: microbiological, biological and physic-chemical changes in water accumulation. Also studied was the influence of the air on the quality of accumulated water (secondary contamination), the influence of the structural layout and hydraulic ratios. In the project quick screening methods (paddle testers and BART^TM tests) were applied in the collection of water samples and scrapings from wetted surfaces of water tanks. The results of the contamination degree discovered in the course of the project solution will serve as basic data for a scale that should evaluate the degree of water tank pollution as well as for resulting corrective measures or optimisation of water tank cleaning. The recommendations of limits for a scraping sample are based especially on the microbiological parameters. Secondary air contamination plays an important role in maintains of biologically stable water. Based on the number of microbial contamination discovered water tanks will be categorised and methods of suitable measures to be taken will be stipulated, operation optimisation as well as cleaning (schedule, methods and frequency of cleaning). The water quality in a storage tanks depends on their maintenance, e.g., to prevent the plaster falling on water surface, the use of antifungal surface coatings (prevention the growth of fungi on walls), the use of ceramics surface of reservoir walls, dark conditions (no windows or blue sheets) in all technological units, the prevention of dust fall out, the selection of suitable air condition and special air filters.

Total benefit effect of beer is a result of many individual contributions of natural substances present in such complicated biological material. Recently, regional mark "Czech beer" was obtained by EC. This beer is processed by traditional technology using only recommended brewery materials. Presented work is focused on proteomic and metabolomic analysis of some characteristic active substances specific for "Czech beer". Eight beer samples obtained from retail chain and/or from breweries were enrolled into this study. Polypeptides and proteins that influence beer sensory properties originated mainly from malt. The results of our preliminary study indicate that the main protein fractions in most of beers are protein Z, LTP1 and hordein/glutelin fragments. 2D analyses of "Czech beer" differed in several spots when compared with beer made by other technology. Further, individual beer phenolics originated from malt and hop were analysed by HPLC/UV-VIS and LC/MS. Individual beers differed in distribution as well as in content of phenolics. Hence, some phenolic derivatives seem to be useful as potential authenticity markers.

This paper is aimed to investigate the effects of some terricolous lichens on soil bacteria's growth in natural conditions. It is focused on species of bacteria and also on numbers of colony of soil specimens that were taken from substrates of three different terricolous lichen species. Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb., which has not secondary metabolites, did not show an inhibition effect on soil bacteria. However, Peltigera neckerii Hepp ex Müll. Arg., which has secondary metabolites, has a negative effect on soil bacteria's growth. Besides, it was observed that Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm., which has many kinds of secondary metabolites, has the highest inhibition effect among the studied species. For this reason, we think that in the next researches, it is convenient to investigate elaborately by soil analysis the effect of lichen's secondary metabolites that have an effect on soil mineralization, on soil bacteria's growth.

Changes in root anatomical structures at successive cycles of selection (cycle 1 to cycle 18, alternating) were observed in the study of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Saracura-BRS 4154) capable to survive and produce in temporarily flooded soils; this cultivars was developed by the Maize and Sorghum National Research Center through stratified phenotypic recurrent selection for cultivation wetland soils. Field trial was carried out and flooding of the soil was initiated at the six-leaf stage; the soil was flooded with water (20-cm deep) three times per week. Root sample was collected, fixed, and selected for observation in photon microscope. A gradual increase in the number of aerenchyma, the proportion of vascular cylinder, smaller metaxylem, and phloem and epidermis width, and a decrease in exodermis and cortex were observed in successive selection cycles. Such phenotypic changes impart the flood tolerance ability to this maize cultivar.

Unit hydrograph is a basic method to show changes in runoff in the watershed. The investigation of runoff changes was carried out in the U Dvou louček watershed situated at the summit part of the Orlické hory Mts., East Bohemia. The waveform ordinates of recession limbs of unit hydrographs obtained using a common approach had to be approximated by the least-squares method. Final hydrographs reflected both drainage treatment and forest stand growth influencing the runoff from the watershed. Both factors increase culmination in synergy and reduce runoff on the recession limb of the hydrograph. We confirmed increased maximum runoff taking up 25-30% of the total runoff time when waterlogged sites were drained. The culmination increased by 0.2-0.8 mm/hour indicates the runoff increased by 2-8 m³/ha/hr.

A young speckled alder (Alnus incana [L.] Moench) stand was planted on a tract clear-felled due to air pollution and located on a summit plateau of the Jizerské hory Mts. (Central Europe, Czech Republic) at an altitude of 950 m a.s.l. The aim of the experiment was to test the suitability of Alnus incana to form preparatory stands covering the site and thus enabling the reintroduction of more sensitive target species. A potential of Alnus incana to respond to slow-release fertilizing was tested as well. The control treatment showed sufficient growth dynamics, nevertheless, the fertilization significantly promoted the growth (documented by height, height increment and stem-base diameter). If some limitations of alder such as high light requirements are respected, the speckled alder can be recommended as a suitable species for preparatory stands even in the 7^th and 8^th altitudinal (vegetation) zones, especially when fertilized.

This case report concerns a two year old female mongrel weighing about 25 kg which was admitted to an animal shelter. A grapefruit-sized mass was found in the animal's left ovary during a routinely performed ovariohysterectomy. On sectioning, the mass revealed cysts containing tufts of hair in creamy white sebaceous fluid. A histological examination revealed a mixture of tissues. The tumor was diagnosed as a mature teratoma (teratoma adultum).

The southern area of the province of Alicante (Spain) embraces the regions Vega Baja del Segura (The Low Valley of The Segura River) and Bajo Vinalopó (Low Vinalopó) in the Valencian Community. Although both regions have a growing residential, touristy and industrial potential, agriculture is still an important activity here. In this study, a characterization of agricultural land distribution in the southern regions of Alicante is carried out, regarding the main crops where the most important current problems are irrigation water shortage and low harvest prices. Incomes received by farmers according to the level of harvest prices and the evolution of these prices in the last two years are studied. Besides, prices have been noticed to keep stable at the best. The evolution of land for different uses, mainly industrial, is also estimated. The competition for land and water use with other sectors has significantly increased the amount of land for these uses and what is more, it is still on increase.

Oxidation changes of different types of vegetable oils were studied during microwave heating. Samples of vegetable oils (rapeseed, sunflower, soybean and corn oil), commercially available at the market in the Czech Republic, were heated in a microwave oven. Parameters as peroxide value, conjugated dienes and trienes levels were determined in oil samples before and after heating in the period from 3 to 30 minutes.

A collection of lactic acid bacteria (38 Enterococcus and 41 Lactobacillus strains) was tested for the antilisterial activity against 15 Listeria spp. strains (two L. monocytogenes, one L. ivanovii and 12 L. innocua strains) using agar spot method. Out of all 79 bacteria only six Enterococcus strains (1/3A, 3/3A, 6/4D, 6/1A, 1282 and EN3) exhibited antilisterial activity against almost all used indicator strains, when their live cells were tested. When their cell free neutralised supernatants (CFNS) were tested against four selected indicator strains (L. innocua Ln-03, Ln-06, Ln-10 and L. monocytogenes CCM5576) only two Enterococcus spp. strains were active - E. faecalis 6/1A strain from raw cow milk of minor interest due to the activity of its CFNS only against L. innocua Ln-06 and thermolability of the compound and E. mundtii 1282 strain from goat raw milk with CFNS active against 13 Listeria spp. strains including L. monocytogenes. E. mundtii 1282 strain produced probably a bacteriocin, because it completely lost the activity after treatment CFNS with proteinase K.

The influence of application of increasing doses of selenium (0.05 mg, 0.10 mg and 0.20 mg/kg) into soil in pot experiments, with NPK fertilization of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., variety Banti), on the biomass yield (grain, straw, roots) and on selenium accumulation was observed. Selenium in the form of sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃*5H₂O) and the NPK nutrients in the form of LAD-27, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ and KCl were applied. The average two-year results showed the expected indifferent effect of increasing doses of selenium on the yield of wheat grain, straw and roots. The differentiated doses of selenium into soil caused a significant increase of selenium content in dry matter (dm) of grain, straw and roots of wheat. The highest content of selenium (0.732 mg/kg in grain, 0.227 mg/kg in straw and 1.375 mg/kg in roots dm) was determined in the variant where 0.2 mg Se/kg of soil was applied. When applying the lowest dose of selenium (0.05 mg Se/kg of soil) the content of selenium was 0.155 mg Se/kg in grain. The selenium content in individual analysed parts of wheat was increasing in the following order: straw - grain - roots.

Microarray analysis is a cultivation-independent, high-throughput technology that can be used for direct and simultaneous identification of microorganisms in complex environmental samples. This review summarizes current methodologies for oligonucleotide microarrays used in microbial ecology. It deals with probe design, microarray manufacturing, sample preparation and labeling, and data handling, as well as with the key features of microarray analysis such as specificity, sensitivity and quantification potential. Microarray analysis has been validated as an effective approach to describe the composition and dynamics of taxonomic and functional microbial communities, in environments including soil, compost, sediment, air or humans. It is now part of the technical arsenal available to address key issues in microbial community ecology, ranging from biogeography to ecosystem functioning.

The basis of the biogas production in agriculture is the processing of waste agricultural products (particularly excrements of farm animals but also phytomass). Different but rather similar is the biogas production from biologically degradable municipal waste (BDMW) and biologically degradable industrial waste (BDIW) coming mainly from food industry. The processing of these wastes in agricultural biogas stations could significantly improve their economy. It is necessary to note that all these biogas stations differ from the wastewater cleaning plants where municipal sludge water from public sewers is processed. The municipal sludge water processing to biogas by anaerobic fermentation is a classical technology introduced all over the world. At present, about 100 wastewater cleaning plants operate in the Czech Republic using regular sludge processing into biogas. Electricity produced is utilised mainly for the needs of own operation of waste water treatment plant (WWTP), partly it is sold into public power net. The heat energy is used for heating in the process and its surplus is utilised for operational and administrative facilities. Usually, the heat and electricity quantities produced do not cover the wastewater cleaning plant operation. Agricultural biogas stations and biogas stations for BDMW processing provide considerably higher gas yields because they work with higher dry matter contents in substratum, i.e. 8-12% (compared with waste water treatment plants - 2-6%), and are able to produce high gas surpluses for following applications. Frequently discussed issue are the processing of slaughter waste and grass (or public green areas at biogas stations).

Segmentation of stands by tracks is often the first phase of forest tending. However, a suitable track width is still discussed in forest practice in the Czech Republic. This article deals with the effect of track width on the growth characteristics of young spruce stands. Research involves several variants of European thinning experiment IUFRO CZ 14 Machov situated in Eastern Bohemia. Totally 3 variants were analyzed: 1 - non-segmented control plot without thinning and plots with forest tending (at top height 10 and 20 m) and with different present width of tracks (plot 3 - originally 3.5 m, plot 4 - originally 5.0 m). The significantly positive effect of stand segmentation and tracks on dbh and crown length was found only for individuals growing in the first row next to a track. As regards the stand volume and volume of mean stem, differences between variants with skidding track (3 and 4) were found minimal and insignificant. Therefore, the observation did not reveal any evident losses of production caused by different widths of skidding tracks.

The article describes the competitiveness of Slovak agricultural and food products after the accession of the Slovak Republic into the EU. The analysis has shown that even despite the increased subsidization and full liberalisation of trade, the competitiveness of our products still needs to develop. The main reason behind this is the poor efficiency of production and the lack of innovation activities. Most agricultural commodities are profitable only because of subsidies. Processing industry is the main contributor to the worsening deficit of trade balance. Specific commodities with good sales potential in the EU market include cereals, malt, wheat flour, dairy products, live cattle and sheep meat.

Fermented pig slurry was used for two kinds of tomatoes fertilisation as a replacement of industrial mineral fertilisers in three-year experiment and selected elements (Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Hg) content were monitored by the AAS method. The results obtained showed that anaerobically fermented pig slurry can be a suitable alternative to mineral fertiliser use. Its use as an organic fertiliser also did not decrease the hygienic quality and safety of the grown vegetable products, and all tomato samples fulfilled the heavy metals legislation limits for Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Hg content. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) influences of the year, cultivar and fertilisation method were found in case of zinc content. No statistically significant differences in case of arsenic were discovered. Statistically significant influence (P < 0.05) of the year was found in case of cadmium and mercury contents.

This paper presents the results of a three-year research on the effect of perforated polyethylene foil and polypropylene fibre covers on the growth of early potato cultivars at various lengths of plant covering period (2 and 3 weeks after plant emergence). Plants grown under covers were higher, produced higher mass of above-ground parts, and were characterised by a smaller value of leaf weight ratio (LWR) and leaf area ratio (LAR) compared with the cultivation without covering. In the case of plant covering for 2 weeks after emergence the mass of leaves at the time of cover removal was on average almost 2 times higher and the mass of stems over 2.5 times higher than in the cultivation without covering; the values of LWR and LAR were however smaller by 0.094 and 0.137 m

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the most important crop in the group of leafy vegetables. It is characterized by considerable morphological and genetic variation. The crop comprises seven main groups of cultivars (including oilseed lettuce) differing phenotypically; they are usually described as morphotypes. Lettuce breeding is primarilly focused on various morphological features and resistance against diseases and pests. The accurate description of lettuce germplasm provides basic information useful for lettuce breeders. The construction of a lettuce descriptor list has been stimulated by the international genebank community. This list consists of 55 descriptors with 15 elucidated by figures. It provides a tool for detailed characterization of and discrimination within the intraspecific variation of L. sativa, verification of old varieties, and identification of putative duplicates and gaps in germplasm collections. These descriptors, along with descriptors of wild Lactuca species, provide an efficient analytical tool for studying the complex morphological variability of this genus and relationships among the species.

Koch method of ornamental trees evaluation is based on interest paid on costs invested in tree-growing up to their maturity stage minus deductions for age, defects and damage. The aim of this paper is to apply the above mentioned method in the economic conditions of the Czech Republic. The paper presents essential economic data generated in accordance with the technological model of tree growing at a permanent site. We also describe the mechanism of the so-called base tree price calculation as a basis for the subtraction of deductions derived from its current condition. The calculated base tree prices are illustratively compared to prices based on the to-date applied calculating techniques and the relevant regulation. We also refer to the method of base price adjustment based on the criterion of landscape tree value. The mechanism of price calculation applied for Koch method testing included two modifications. The first relates to due consideration of growth qualities when calculating development care costs; the other introduces landscaping value indicator as the only base price adjustment to achieve the resulting price, corresponding with the current tree condition.

The impact of blue spruce (Picea pungens) and reed Calamagrostis villosa) cover on quantity and quality of upper soil layers was investigated. The research was conducted in the Jizerské hory Mts., Czech Republic (altitude 880 m, acidic spruce forest site type - 8K). Mean weight of dry matter of holorganic horizons was similar under both variants. Totally, there were accumulated 153 t/ha of dry matter of humus horizons in blue spruce and 174 t/ha in reed. Soil pH (KCl) varied from 3.7 to 3.2 under blue spruce stand and from 3.6 to 3.3 under reed. The differences of concentrations of nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg) were not found significant either. Only L horizon showed significant differences: there were higher values of cation exchangeable capacity (T) and higher content of exchangeable bases (S) under reed. We found very similar forest-floor humus properties under both species. Therefore we can not state worsening of the soil conditions under blue spruce compared to areas covered with tested forest weed species.

Avian tuberculosis (ATBC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in birds in zoos and breeding establishments. The primary sources of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA) of serotypes 1, 2 and 3 are infected animals (esp. birds), who shed MAA in different ways and thus contaminate the environment. The first aim of this work was to compare the efficiency of the diagnostic methods that are routinely used for the diagnosis of ATBC (skin test, serology and culture of faeces and eggs) in naturally infected hens with different levels of infection. The second aim was to determine the excretion rate of MAA in faeces and eggs. The tuberculin skin test gave a positive result in nine (42.9%) infected hens of which four (57.1%) and one (14.3%) were heavily and slightly infected hens, respectively. A positive serological response to MAA-b antigen (water bird isolate of serotype 1) was observed in five (23.8%) and to MAA-p antigen (pig isolate serotype 2) in seven (33.3%) hens. No correlation between serological and skin-test data was found. The results show that both techniques, serological and skin-test data are inadequate for the diagnosis of ATBC. In consecutively euthanized hens, with heavy infection and tuberculous lesions, serological positivity was significant (P < 0.05) in comparison with slightly infected hens lacking tuberculous lesions. Faecal culture detected MAA in 50 (29.8%) of 168 samples collected for eight days before euthanasia. MAA excretion in faeces was intermittent, but significantly (P < 0.01) higher in heavily infected hens. No mycobacteria were detected in any of the 43 examined eggs, which implies that the shedding of MAAand/or transmission of ATBC through eggs may not be frequent events.

The changes were studied in microbiological, chemical, and sensory properties of Pacific oysters stored at 10°C, 5°C, and 0°C. Pseudomonas (22%) and Vibrionaceae (20%) species were dominant in raw oysters. The dominant bacteria found in the spoiled samples were Pseudomonas regardless of the storage temperature. During storage, rapid increases in aerobic plate count (APC) values of the samples stored at 10°C and 5°C were observed, while no obvious lag phases were detected. With the samples stored at 0°C, a decrease in APC value during the first 4 days and a lag phase of about 6 days were observed. The APC values of the samples stored at 10°C, 5°C, and 0°C reached the level of 10⁷ CFU/g on day 6, 10, and 18, respectively. All the tested samples stored at different temperatures revealed a slight decrease in pH and a significant increase of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) during storage. The average TVB-N concentration of about 22.0 mg N/100 g was observed at the end of the shelf-life as determined by APC. Combined with the sensory assessments, the shelf-life of 6-7, 10-11, and 17-18 days for oysters stored at 10°C, 5°C, and 0°C, respectively, was determined.

Taste is the chemical sensation whose function is not very well known. Recently it was shown that the range of taste is more extensive than the five basic taste sweet, salty, bitter, sour and umami. A metallic taste has been suggested as another basic taste, but its mode of perception is not well understood and has not been really accepted in the taste literature. Ferrous sulphate solutions were presented to the assessors so their sensitivity and best estimate thresholds (BET) were measured. The best estimated threshold range was 0.00049-0.00669 g/l for demineralised water, 0.00079-0.00669 g/l for distilled water and 0.00108-0.00669 g/l for tap water.

The heavy metal contents and their bioavailability were monitored in soils of Central Spiš region of SR. This area belongs to long term contaminated and hygienically loaded areas. Soil contamination by heavy metals is caused especially by ore mining, processing and treatment. Soil samples from the Central Spiš contained higher proportions of mobile forms which corresponded to the following sequence Pb > Zn > Cu, while for mobilizable forms the sequence of investigated metals was as follows: Cu > Zn > Pb. Soil pH is one of the parameters that affect significantly the share of bioavailable forms of metals. Higher proportions of mobile fractions of metals were detected in samples taken from soils with acidic pH. Statistical processing confirmed a relationship between the percentage share of lead and zinc in the mobile form and the level of pH/KCl, which was significant for Zn: r = -0.53. The relationships for lead and copper were insignificant.

The objective of the study was to examine a possibility of predicting phosphorus leaching from the top layer of agricultural soils by rainfall simulations by means of three multi-nutrient soil tests: Mehlich 3, NH₄-acetate extraction and water extraction (1:5, w/v). Another objective was to determine parameters of maximum phosphorus losses after an extreme load of rainfall on the top layer. Forty soils from different localities of the Czech Republic were used for the experiment. A leaching experiment was conducted in pedological cylinders with a soil layer of about 1 cm and with the bottom from a glass microfibre filter with pores 1.2 μm in size. Within 15 days the soils were flooded ten times with 25 mm of simulated rainfall in a minimum interval of 1 day. The closest regression between the soil test and phosphorus leaching was computed for NH₄-acetate soil test (R² = 0.8831) and Mehlich 3 test (R² = 0.8572) after the first application of 25 mm of rainfall. In water extraction it was for the mean of 10 simulated rainfalls (R² = 0.8674). As leaching proceeded, the closeness of regression diminished due to fluctuations of P concentration in leachates (increases and decreases), mainly in soils with higher P-test. The increase in P concentration could be caused by the activation of phosphorus from Fe-phosphates under anaerobic conditions in wet soils. The steepest decrease in P concentration in leachates was observed in light soils with low CEC value and higher initial P-test.

In an experiment with 45 neonatal male Holstein calves, effects of yeast cultures Yea-Sacc^® 1026 (SC) containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain 1026) and Vitex (KF) containing Kluyveromyces fragilis (strain Jürgensen) on rumen fermentation characteristics were determined. From day 4 to day 56 of age, the calves were allocated to one of the three dietary treatments (Control, SC, and KF) of 15 animals each, placed in individual pens, and fed 4 l of whole milk twice daily and a basal concentrate mixture ad libitum as calf starter feeds. The control treatment was not supplemented with yeast culture. The yeast culture supplements Yea-Sacc^® 1026 and Vitex were top-dressed at 10 g/calf daily on the basal concentrate mixture of treatments SC and KF, respectively. At the end of the experiment (day 56), all calves were slaughtered and the rumen fluid was analysed. The administration of yeast cultures Yea-Sacc^®026 and Vitex to calves did not affect final body weight (BW), BW gain, dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, ruminal pH, lactic acid concentration and the molar proportion of propionic acid, but it decreased (P < 0.05) the total volatile fatty acid concentration and the molar proportion of butyric acid, and increased (P < 0.05) the molar proportion of acetic acid and the acetate to propionate ratio. In addition, the microbial cellulolytic activity was higher in calves that received both yeast cultures compared to the control treatment. The results of this study suggest that the ruminal fermentation was more stable in calves receiving yeast culture supplements.

In the years 2005, 2006, and 2007 the described pomological characteristics were evaluated and both heritability and correlation coefficients of the determined characteristics of parents and progeny were estimated for the Minaret × Betinka apricot hybrid population. Estimated heritability of fruit weight, over colour and flesh consistency was approximately 0.9. Heritability of flesh colour, fruit attractiveness and fruit flavour ranged from 0.6 to 0.9. The correlations show a strong dependence of the following characteristics of parent varieties and progeny: over colour and fruit attractiveness. Medium strong dependence was determined in the following characteristics: fruit colour and fruit flavour. Weak dependence was found in the case of fruit size.