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The exclusive pre-selective effect of BLAD carriers reproducing in the exposed Holstein-Friesian cattle population prompted to search for the candidate gene variants of high quality of milk performance traits within the bovine ITBG2 gene or loci linked with bovine ITBG2 gene. Theoretical considerations indicated that the &Idquo;silent mutation" C→T localized at the position of 775 bp of the gene encoding the CD18 subunit might be a potential QTL marker of high milk productivity. An association study between the polymorphism of SNP 775C>T, and the diversification of milk performance traits was carried out on the progeny of four bulls with genotypes BL/TL and 775C/T and one bull with genotypes TL/TL and 775C/T. The results documented statistically significant differences in the protein content percentage of milk in two half-sib families of bulls with BL/TL and 775C/T genotype and one half-sib family of bull with TL/TL and 775C/T genotype. It was further concluded that the polymorphism of SNP 775C>T was found to be a more efficient QTL marker than that of D128G, since in all the analysed milk performance traits for half-sib families higher values of the F coefficient were obtained for the SNP 775C>T mutation in comparison with D128G.

Small towns are defined as towns with the population not exceeding 15,000 (20,000) residents. They are organisms that can be embraced visually, mostly with the clearly demarcated area. Residents know their small town very well, the majority of buildings and structures is constructed at a reasonable scale and architectonic dominants allow easy orientation. Verdure in a small town is either a separate functional space (park, landscaped area, forest, scattered green vegetation) or it is associated with another function (residential green spaces, green spaces of housing estates, line verdure, verdure of self-retained areas - sports grounds, cemeteries, schools, etc.). The verdure of a small town is formed to make up a system. It may be realised but its functionality may be diminished by barriers of different type. Verdure significantly contributes to the image of a small town and its particular spaces. From the recreation aspect it is important to create near and easily accessible green spaces that may be used for the short- or long-time recreation of residents and visitors; the good connection of the urban verdure system with suburban landscape is desirable. To accentuate the basic landscape values and to realise the potential of the verdure system of a small town it is advisable to use the system of land-use planning while the landscape plan becomes its integral part.

This paper presents detailed data on the biomass and element pools of six sample trees in the catchments of Plešné andČertovoLakes. Diameters and heights of the sample trees ranged from 28.0 to 63.7 cm and from 14.1 to 38.7 m. The age of the sample trees ranged from 84 to 177 years. Total biomass of the sample trees was in the range of 239.4 kg to 2,932.3 kg. Variation of total biomass between the sample trees was a consequence of the tree biometric data (height and dbh) and age differences. The proportion of stem wood and bark ranged from 63.5 to 69.5%, and from 4.6 to 7.2%, respectively. The proportion of foliage and fine branches ranged from 4.3 to 8.4%, and from 0.7 to 1.9%, respectively. The proportion of branch wood and bark ranged from 2.2 to 6.5%, and from 0.8 to 2.2%, respectively. Mean concentrations of C in different tree components were quite similar. Except C and compared to the other elements, N had the highest mean concentrations in tree components in all cases. Concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, and K showed similar patterns. Generally the highest concentrations of these elements were found in foliage, fine branches, fine roots and bark of stem and branches. Fe, Na, Al and Mn showed the lowest mean concentrations in tree components for all the analyzed elements. The total element pools per tree were highly variable because of the differences in total biomass between the individual trees. Generally, stem wood and bark, foliage, and roots contained the highest proportion of the elements. But there were differences between individual elements. Concerning the important nutrients, while the highest proportion of Ca and Mg was contained in stem wood and bark, the highest proportion of P was contained in foliage. The foliage contained a relatively high proportion of P and K, but a relatively low proportion of Ca and Mg.

The objective of this study was to probe the relationship between prevalence of selected principal mastitis pathogens and somatic cell counts in bulk tank milk samples. The sources of milk contamination were evaluated. The samples were collected from 298 dairy herds (with approximately 32 000 dairy cows). Only 48.3% of the bulk tank milk samples were free of contamination of pathogens of interest. Approximately 38.9% of the milk samples were contaminated with only one, 12.4% with two and 0.3% with three pathogens. The arithmetic mean of logarithmically transformed data of bulk tank milk somatic cell count rise in order: pathogen free, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (5.381; 5.413; 5.495; 5.518; 5.563, respectively). The arithmetic mean differences between bulk tank milk somatic cell counts in pathogen-free and single-pathogen contaminated samples have revealed a significance for the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus groups (P < 0.01). Using binary logistic regression, a statistically highly significant relationship (P < 0.001) has been found between the number of contaminations of bulk tank milk samples with mastitis pathogens and bulk tank milk somatic cell counts. The relationship allows the determination of the probability of finding relevant mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk samples with different levels of bulk tank milk SCC. A 63% probability can be defined at a cell count level of 400 000/ml and 20% at a cell count level of 100 000/ml. Analysis may reveal the potential sources of the bulk tank milk sample contamination, i.e. infected mammary glands or the environment. The presence of high levels of contamination along with a low bulk tank SCC may suggest an environmental source of contamination. The study clarified that a potential source of bulk tank milk contamination by relevant pathogens (the environment or the mammary gland) may be elucidated and the probability of the contamination of bulk tank milk samples with mastitis pathogens predicted by the analysis of relationship between the bulk tank milk somatic cell counts and the number of mastitis pathogen contaminations.

A large crown is one of the most important prerequisites for the good growth of a tree and therefore the crown could be called an engine of increment. The care for a large crown brings a decrease in the bole value at the same time as it makes large branches and later knots on it. Pruning is a possible solution of these two contradictions. Young wild cherry trees were pruned in three different ways: (i) half of the crown left, (ii) one quarter of the crown left and (iii) control, i.e. no pruning. The results show that height growth was not influenced by pruning while diameter growth was significantly affected. The crown reduction to a half means 10% less in diameter growth within a 5-year period after pruning. The crown reduction to one quarter of the crown means only two thirds of 'full' diameter growth on the control plot. The data suggest that the pruning of young wild cherry trees should be done moderately (more than a half of the crown should be left) and pruning should be done when the bottom part of the crown is in the shadow zone of the crown layer, not earlier.

Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements were carried out on two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars Arabi Abiad and Arabi Aswad at 8 and 14 days after emergence to identify their early tolerance mechanism for heavy metals (25 and 50μM of cadmium and lead). Transient fluorescence curves (OJIP curves) and energy flux models showed different specific reactions of photosystem II (PSII) of each cultivar to each type of stress. After 7 days of lead stress application plants of cv. A. Aswad showed weaker I and P peaks on the OJIP curve than control plants, and the appearance of a new K step; parameters of phenomenological energy fluxes for cv. A. Abiad were similar to those for control plants and only some silent reaction centers appeared. Generally, parameters of energy fluxes within PSII were directly shifted shortly (24 h) after the application of both heavy metals, especially in the case of plants grown under cadmium treatment. This suggests that these parameters could be good indicators for monitoring of these two pollutants in the environment at early stages of plant development.

This work presents results of a qualitative empirical study on practices of farmers participating in the Czech system of organic agriculture (ecological agriculture). Growth of this sector has been seen almost solely in positive terms, without questioning its content. However, Czech organic agriculture does not stem from the organic movement as is the case in Western Europe and therefore it is necessary to ask what it draws on and to discover, with regard to its nature, whether it can meet the expectations stated in official policies. This paper briefly describes the development of organic farming in other countries and the current problem of its conventionalization. The research study then shows evidence that organic farming is not adopted only because of state's subsidies, but also due to the specific value orientation of farmers, despite the history and the lack of tradition of these specific practices in the Czech Republic.

At present, photogrammetric interpretation of aerial images is a dominant method of forestry mapping. In the last years, transition from analogue to digital photogrammetry has been distinct. Digital photogrammetry enables to achieve workflow effectivity, and so to decrease the final product costs. The objective of the submitted paper was to evaluate the availability of digital photogrammetry for the forestry mapping rationalization. Digital aerotriangulation using the ImageStation SSK system brings more accurate results without requirements for the use of a larger amount of control points. The results also demonstrated the use of colour infrared aerial images, and also black and white aerial images at the scale 1:15,000 for the orthoimage creation in the forestry mapping department. Compared with the black and white aerial images, the colour infrared images have an essentially more interesting content, mainly from the qualitative aspect, which shifts them to use in many forestry disciplines (mostly for determination of the health conditions of forests stands, …), in combination with the remote sensing of the Earth and GIS (Geographic Information Systems).

The lack of recombination in some genomic regions represents a serious obstacle in mapping studies. In this review, we describe methods that are currently used to overcome this problem. Main attention is given to the comparison of methods that are based on the principle of radiation hybrid mapping. We also discuss a strategy called HAPPY mapping (mapping based on the analysis of approximately HAPloid DNA samples using the PolYmerase chain reaction). In addition to reviewing the methods used by other authors, we also summarize our experience with deletion mapping of Y-chromosome in dioecious model plant species (Silene latifolia).

The paper refers to the possibilities of the evaluation of the wind erosion risks by using a model created in GIS. The model exploits the pedological information database for determining the potential risks of soils by wind erosion. The following data are the database of the agricultural land use, meteorological data and the topographic maps for determining the direction of wind and climatic conditions. Using the data transferred to the graphic form, it is possible to create the digital terrain model and to regionalise the meteorological data. Consequently, the wind barriers are localised in the landscape and it is possible to create the zone of efficiency around each barrier (protecting the land from the erosive effects of the wind) according to the characteristics of their height and density.

Porcine oocytes matured in vitro develop in various ways if they are further cultivated. In our studies these oocytes were cultivated for 1 to 5 days (in vitro aging). During the 1st day of aging, most of them remained at the stage of metaphase II (98%). Then many oocytes underwent the spontaneous parthenogenetic activation. The portion of activated oocytes reached its peak after 2 or 3 days of aging in vitro (39 or 45%). The portion of fragmented oocytes peaked at the same time (28%). During subsequent aging in vitro (i.e. day 4 or 5 of aging), the portion of lysed oocytes significantly increased (30 or 37%). The highest portion of spontaneously activated parthenogenetic embryos at a pronuclear stage (35%) was observed during the 2nd day of aging in vitro. These pronuclear embryos had mainly one polar body with two pronuclei (47% of all pronuclear embryos) or two polar bodies with one pronucleus (38% of all pronuclear embryos). During the 3rd and 5th day of in vitro aging, there was a significant increase in the portion of parthenogenetic embryos cleaved to the 2-cell or 3-cell stage. When considering the prolonged in vitro culture of porcine oocyte, only the first day of aging should be taken into account, since beyond this time significant changes, i.e. parthenogenesis, fragmentation or lysis, occurred in oocytes under in vitro conditions.

At present, farm animal genetic resources are used to a various extent and with different objectives inSlovakia. The use of highly productive breeds or hybrids aimed at profitable and competitive production prevails. To a smaller extent, breeds that are a part ofSlovakia's and world cultural heritage are kept. The improvement of these breeds for high production or reproduction traits is not a priority. Diversity of farm animals is viewed through the variety of species and breeds used for production of food for people and, also, through the variety of production systems in livestock. Within livestock species, populations of cattle, sheep, goat, pig and horse breeds were analysed in detail. Preferably, breeds were evaluated with respect to the extent of endangerment (number of breeding females) and conservation programmes involved. The origin of breeds was also taken into account. Within respective species, twenty-three local breeds, including native or indigenous, and twenty-nine imported or exotic breeds, thirteen being newly imported and sixteen being imported for a longer time, were identified in Slovakia. Out of local breeds, fifteen breeds were classified as endangered.

The study is already the 5^th account on the production potential and stability of mixed forest stands in uplands. A spruce/beech stand established in the mid-30s of the 20^thcentury is assessed. The stand is situated at an altitude of 470 m and since 1960, it is left to its spontaneous development. At that time, the stand was characterized as a silviculturally neglected dense spruce young growth to a small pole-stage stand with an admixture of beech (spruce 71%, beech 13%). In the course of 41 years, spruce proportion in the stand without intentional thinning measures decreased from 71 to 56% and, vice versa, beech proportion increased from 13 to 31%. Present dominant and co-dominant position of spruce in the stand, its health condition and development in recent years indicate that the ecosystem under evaluation is stabilized fulfilling all functions on the given site at an age of 65 years. The stand is permanently fully stocked and its initial standing volume of 109 m³/ha at an age of 24 years in 1960 increased to 560 m³/ha at an age of 65 years in 2001.

Soil organic matter and its turnover rate are key parameters for agricultural management practice as well as for environmental issues. In a field experiment comparing organic (compost) and mineral fertilisation and combinations of both the amount of inorganic nitrogen in the soil and the nitrogen uptake by the plants were measured. Considering these data and the fertilisation practice the net N-mineralisation during the vegetation periods 1996-2001 was estimated for six fertilisation treatments. Simultaneously the nitrogen dynamics in the soil were calculated using the STOTRASIM model, which takes into account four soil organic matter pools of different turnover rate. A close relation was found between the amount of a slow decomposable fraction and the net N-mineralisation during the vegetation period.

Caraway fruits contain 1-6% of essential oils consisting of about 30 compounds, from which carvone and limonene account form the main portion, about 95%. To evaluate the quality of various caraway cultivars, the amounts of essential oils and the carvone/limonene ratio were measured. The most common method of essential oil evaluation is steam distillation in accordance with Standard ČSN 58 0110, but an alternative method - supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) - was also investigated in this paper. Ground caraway fruits were extracted under different SFE conditions (pressure, temperature, use of modifiers). Released compounds (carvone and limonene) were quantified by GC.

Rapeseed oil was spiked with benzo(a)pyrene [BaP] solution at the level of 29.4 μg/kg, filled into polyethylene terephtalate [PET] cylindrical shape receptacles and the BaP concentrations were followed for during 97 h by HPLC. During this time, the BaP concentrations decreased to 22.9 μg/kg due to an interaction of BaP with PET. Using a modified kinetic equation, the diffusion coefficient for BaP in the oil was determined. Calculation of the area occupied by a BaP molecule on PET surface suggests that either the multilayer adsorption or the diffusion of BaP into PET bulk came into account as the decisive factors bringing about the decrease of BaP concentrations in the oil.

Abstract: Heat treatment of inulin at 135 to 190°C leads to a decrease in the measurable amount of the fructan, when quantified as fructose after enzymatic hydrolysis. Using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, degradation of the fructan chains and concomitant formation of low-molecular products was observed, most likely representing di-D-fructose dianhydrides. Heat-induced degradation of inulin during thermal processing of foods like bakery products must be taken into account within the discussion about possible prebiotic properties of the fructan.

The objectives of this study are to determine the progress of the development cycle of the forest taking into account untypical development periods caused by fir decline and recovery, and to compare the per cent participation of individual phases and periods of forest development in the Święta Katarzyna and Święty Krzyż Forest Ranges of the Świętokrzyski National Park. The development stages, phases, and periods was determined in P₆ fields of the SINUS System of Information on Natural Environment. Tree age distribution, stand structure, volume increment tendency (an increasing or decreasing one), and also the radial increment of fir and beech, and the age of the stand upper story or upper layer were taken as criteria. Fir until about 1960 was characterized by more or less even growth while during 1960-1985 a strong increment collapse occurred, followed by its recovery since 1986. On the other hand, beech during the whole analysed period (1890-1994) did not exhibit any significant decrease in its radial increment. After taking into account the progress of diameter increment of fir and beech the hypothetical series of successive changes of stand phases, mainly caused by decline and then recovery of fir, were developed. Seven new development phases taking place during the periods of decline, recovery and transformation, and not occurring in typical KORPEĽ's (1982) development cycle, are described. New phases were found in 140 P₆ fields out of 206 analysed fields. It was proved on the basis of the fraction equality chi-squared test that there was no reason to reject a null hypothesis according to which the per cent participation of phases during the recovery period in the Święta Katarzyna Forest Range is the same as in the Święty Krzyż Forest Range (² = 2.756; df = 3; p = 0.4308). The absence of significant difference between these two forest ranges indicates, among others, an extensive and strong process of fir decline in the analysed part of the Świętokrzyski National Park (in the Łysogóry Mountain Range). In order to improve the description of the development phases of the forest during the periods of decline, recovery and transformation these studies should be continued, especially on permanent research plots.

The objective of this study was an improvement on oat identification procedure for laboratory applications, and the comparison of albumin-globulin and avenin protein patterns in five hulled and naked oat cultivars: Abel (CZ) and Izák (CZ) - naked oats, Auron (CZ), Edmund (D) and Expander (D) - hulled oats. The last object of this study was the authenticity verification of standardly prepared meal samples with various proportions of admixture. It was confirmed that avenins, characterised under SDS-PAGE conditions, are reliable implements for the identification of oat cultivars. It was found that oat grain contains, on the basis of Osborne fractionation, another significant protein fraction - glutelins. The question of the protein fraction analysis that was used for the admixture identification stays still open. In sufficiently different cultivars, the certainty of the admixture detection in meal samples may be high. Nevertheless, in other cases (higher cultivar similarity) it will be necessary to use some other, more sensitive techniques.

In the spring of 2000, field experiments were begun on three 20-year old grand fir (Abies grandis) to influence the elasto-mechanical behavior of the stem, as well as the distribution of the assimilate crown production. The aim was to analyze, and then describe and model the expected resulting change in stem growth. Three stem sections of one fir were reinforced by rigidly attaching T-shaped steel bars to reduce bending stresses. Preliminary calculations with an elasto-mechanical tree and force model (that had been developed for a different tree, but was adapted by taking the size differences into account) gave first indications for the experimental design in regards to the necessary number of the bars and their dimensions required to guarantee that the stem rigidity would be highly increased. Furthermore, the simulations proposed no increased risk of stem breakage in the non-reinforced stem parts. The stability of the second tree was decreased by hanging sand bags with defined masses on the branches. Directly after loading, a significantly changed swaying behavior could be observed, which should cause correspondingly higher stress in the fibers. As for this load case, the simulated results prognosticate only a negligible increase in stress. The roughly-adapted model used, is seemingly invalid for this tree. In regards to the third tree, the bark at the base of all branches of the eastern half of the crown was removed to prevent any import of assimilates into the stem. The branches were not cut off because the mass distribution and thus, the mechanical behavior, of the tree was to be influenced as little as possible. The experiment will be concluded in the winter of 2003, after a four-year growth period. In addition to detailed stem analyses, the spatial crown structure with its needle and branch mass distribution, as well as the mechanical wood properties of the stem will be measured.

Dependently on planting conditions caraway fruits contain 1-9% of essential oils consisting of about 30 compounds. Carvone and limonene account for the main portion, about 95%. To evaluate the quality of various registered caraway (Carum carvi L.) cultivars (Kepron, Prochan and Rekord) planted during 1998-2000, regarding the effect of sample grinding and preparation, plant treatment and time of harvest, the amounts of essential oil and the carvone/limonene ratio were determined. Both whole and ground caraway seeds were extracted. As obvious from the results, SFE is not suitable for the determination of essential oils in whole seeds since the results are lower in comparison with those of ground caraway. The way of grinding was also examined. Of the three mills used, a splintery mill VIPO seemed to be the most suitable. Further, the amount of essential oil was studied in caraway gathered at the beginning of maturation (sample A) and at full ripeness (sample B) of caraway seeds. It was found that the samples gathered at full ripeness (samples B) had more essential oil. It was also concluded that the use of the regulator Roundup Bioaktiv during caraway maturation to unite the ripening of achenes in the main umbel and the first-order umbels, and the use of fungicides (Alert S and Prelude 10) affected positively the amount of essential oil in caraway. Possibilities of SFE application for the essential oil determination in small samples gathered during breeding were investigated. The results were used as a one of the criteria during breeding. Classical way of the essential oil determination does not allow this option. An alternative method for the isolation and determination of essential oils - supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) - was investigated in this study.

A traditional approach to problems of the opening-up of forests has been based primarily on technical and economic aspects. It results particularly from the ground configuration and calculations of minimum costs for logging and transport operations. Optimum density of main forest roads is determined by a minimum value of the summary curve of costs of forest road construction and timber skidding. A new conception from the aspect of integrated forest management taking into account forest functions is based on a standard approach when technical and economic aspects are complemented by the particular functions of the forest. Thus, the technical and economic approach is changed to a technical-economic-environmental conception that will contribute to a reduction in negative effects of the construction of forest road network on the environment.

In spruce windfalls incurred in the autumn and winter season the synusia of cambioxylophagous fauna was evaluated in the profile of a whole stem and crown branches according to the species spectrum, tree cover and intensity of attack. The fauna of windfalls in the area with the basic level of Ips typographus and in the gradation area differed by species diversity. In the gradation area, frequency of the occurrence of Ips typographus (L.) was higher by 20-40%. P. chalcographus (L.) showed decreased stem cover in the gradation area. In the area with the basic state of Ips typographus, windfalls were intensively colonized by secondary species Hylurgops palliatus (Gyll.), Isarthron fuscum (Fabr.), Monochamus sp. With the increasing dbh (diameter at breast height) of windfalls the colonization of stems by Ips typographus was positively affected, H. palliatus, I. fuscum, Polygraphus poligraphus (L.) responded the other way round.

Effects of the year, previous crop and control of leaf diseases on grain yield, test weight, protein and starch content, Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain were investigated in four spring barley varieties. The trials were set up in 2001-2004 at Kroměříž (235 m above sea level, average annual temperature 8.7°C, annual precipitation sum 599 mm) in a five-course crop rotation, where spring barley followed the previous crops sugar beet, winter wheat, maize, and oilseed rape. The experimental years differed a lot in temperature and precipitation. The years 2001 and 2002 were dry and warm and grain yield was much lower as compared to that in the following years even though the other growing conditions were identical. The most stable quality parameters were obtained after the previous crop sugar beet. The average value of test weight was 661 g/l(ranging from 629 to 685 g/l), protein content 11.2% (10.3-11.7%) and starch content 61.5% (58.9-64.9%). Grain yield averaged 6.67 t/ha. Test weight after maize was on average 658 g/l(619-692 g/l), protein content 11.5% (10.1-12.4%), starch content 60.7% (59.2-63.8%), and grain yield 6.24 t/ha. Test weight and starch content were lower and protein content higher after oilseed rape and winter wheat. A higher FHB incidence and DON content were found after the previous crop maize. In 2001 and 2002 with strong water deficit during the growing seasons, more grains infected by Fusarium spp. were detected and DON content was higher too. The increase was due to a short rainy period at heading of spring barley. Problems of variable conditions for growing malting varieties of spring barley and current possibilities of producing both good grain yields and quality are discussed.

Decision-making process of households on food consumption is discussed in the post-Keynesian theory of household choice. Since the core assumption of uncertainty is employed, the set of consumption alternatives is restricted to the subset of the known ones. When searching for these alternatives, the consumer faces the search costs expressed by time of search. The sample of Czech households was investigated to ascertain the volume of the search and 57% of households do not seek for any information that are relevant for decision-making on foodstuff purchase. To overcome this activity, the households more likely rely on prices and the range of goods of the closest sellers to them. Searching for information on product is replaced by reliance on habits and recommendations of the others. On the contrary, the uncertainty of real purchase power is of lower significance in food consumption, because the foodstuffs meet the basic physiological needs and dispose of constrained stability in storage. Thus, households cannot always postpone (or bring forward) their consumption. In order to deal with the lack of money, households from lower income levels reduce their expenditures for foodstuffs more often than those from the higher income levels. Consequently, the relationship between the level of income and needs satiation is outlined.

The objective of the study was to quantify differences in the carcass composition of pig carcasses with different lean meat proportions. Totally 132 carcasses with lean meat proportions ranging from 45 to 65% were analysed. The average lean meat proportion in the analysed set of carcasses was 55.38% (s = 4.319). The carcasses were classified into the groups according to their lean meat proportion (R, 45.0 to 49.9%; U, 50.0 to 54.9%; E, 55.0 to 59.9%; S, more than 60.0%). Carcasses from each group were cut into primal cuts and the main cuts (leg, loin, shoulder and belly with bones) were further separated into different tissues. Carcass value was markedly enhanced by the increasing carcass lean meat proportion. Average leg percentages in the groups R, U, E and S were 17.88% (s = 0.918), 19.32% (s = 0.889), 20.88% (s = 0.817) and 21.88% (s = 0.827), respectively. Average proportions of fat over leg expressed as percentages of leg weight in these groups were 5.82% (s = 0.402), 4.87% (s = 0.556), 4.05% (s = 0.479) and 3.21% (s = 0.321), respectively. Lean meat proportions of leg weight were improved from 84.93% (s = 1.136) in the group R to 88.12% (s = 0.986) in the group S. The most distinct differences were found in lean proportions of belly weight. The observed averages in the group R and S were 43.90% (s = 2.729) and 62.10% (s = 2.219), respectively. Actually, in carcasses with a high classification score the belly can be considered as a cut with the predominant muscle tissue. The results of the study proved the efficiency of carcass evaluation based on the lean meat proportion. Such a method can significantly contribute to the overall improvement of pig production.

The second part of the paper summarizes results of an institutional research aimed at the determination of physical and mechanical properties of different sets of plywood sheets pressed under different conditions. The first part dealt with the determination of compressibility or values of decreasing the thickness of pressed plywood sheets. In this second part, results are summarized of the analysis of physical and mechanical properties of the set of whole-beech plywood sheets of the nominal thickness of veneers amounting to 1.5 mm. The plywood sheets were manufactured as seven-ply and urea-formaldehyde resin DUKOL S was used for their production. The sheets were pressed using a pressure of 1.5 and 1.7 MPa. Following parameters were analyzed: moisture, density, bending strength, MOE in bending and shear strength.

At the present time, the international standards and technical reports for system and software product quality are dispersed in several series of normative documents (ISO/IEC 9126, ISO/IEC 14598, ISO/IEC 12119 etc.). These documents are not purely consistent and do not contain a tools for exact requirements set-ups. As quality is defined as a degree to which the set of inherent characteristic fulfils requirements, the exact requirement formulation is the key point for the quality measurement evaluation. This paper presents the framework for quality requirements for software, which is recommendable to use in the new international standard series ISO/IEC 250xx developed on the SQuaRE (Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation) standardisation research project. The main part of this contribution was presented on the conference Agrarian Perspectives XIV, organised by the Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, September 20 to 21, 2005.