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The aim of this study was to design and implement a Seroprevalence Map based on Business Intelligence for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) in broilers in Comunidad Valenciana (Spain). To obtain the serological data we analysed 7363 samples from broiler farms over 30 days of age over the course of two years (3813 and 3550 samples in 2009 and 2010, respectively, from 189 and 193 broiler farms in 2009 and 2010, respectively). Data were represented on a map of Comunidad Valenciana to include geographical information of flock location and to facilitate the monitoring. Only one region presented with average ELISA titre values of over 500 in the 2009 period, indicating previous contact with M. gallisepticum in broiler flocks. None of the other regions showed any pressure of infection, indicating a low seroprevalence for M. gallisepticum. In addition, data from this study represent a novel tool for easy monitoring of the serological response that incorporates geographical information.

In this study, the quality of northern pike eggs collected by the traditional method (hand stripping) and the pneumatic method (air stripping) was compared. Additionally, different activation solutions (Billard solution, hatchery water, and Woynarovich solution) were tested for their effects on egg fertilization under artificial conditions. After the eggs were collected, the Pseudo-Gonado-Somatic Index (PGSI) was measured. Although the values of the PGSI in the samples obtained with use of air stripping were lower (13.8 ± 3.9%), they did not differ statistically from those obtained by hand stripping (16.5 ± 5.4%). Hatchery water and Woynarovich solution were found to be the most suitable solutions for sperm activation using the Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) system as compared to the Billard solution. Hand stripping was found to negatively affect the percentage of fertilized eggs and the percentage of hatched larvae in samples fertilized in hatchery water and Woynarovich solution. When the traditional method of egg collection was used, there were no differences in the percentage of fertilization and the percentage of hatched larvae between Billard solution (54.0 ± 21.5% and 44.1 ± 21.9%, respectively), hatchery water (60.0 ± 22.5% and 55.9 ± 22.8%, respectively), and Woynarovich solution (72.0 ± 25.8% and 69.0 ± 23.9%, respectively) treatments. Air stripped eggs showed a higher fertilization rate when hatchery water or Woynarovich solution was applied (86.2 ± 9.3% and 92.4 ± 3.9%, respectively). Also hatching rate was the highest in these samples (83.0 ± 8.4% and 88.3 ± 6.2%). The application of the pneumatic method and Woynarovich solution to northern pike artificial fertilization resulted in higher fertilization and hatching rates as compared to other techniques. Because this was successful in northern pike, the use of air stripping is a promising option for artificial reproduction in other fish species.

An 11-year-old, intact male Maltese dog presented with a history of vomiting and regurgitation. On plain radiographs, a caudodorsal thoracic mass was identified, and there were no radiographic signs frequently associated with an oesophageal mass. An oesophagram with fluoroscopy showed no classical signs of an oesophageal mass such as an irregular mucosal surface, a filling defect, or decreased ability of the lumen to pass contrast medium through the oesophageal lumen. A mass of pulmonary or mediastinal origin rather than of oesophageal origin was suggested. During the operation for mass removal, a gross connection between the suspected mass and the adventitia of the distal oesophagus was identified; thus, excision of the extraluminal mass was performed from the outer oesophageal wall. Histopathology confirmed the mass to be an oesophageal leiomyoma. This case highlights that the differentiation of an extraluminal oesophageal mass from other masses of mediastinal or lung origin can be challenging with radiographs and oesophagram alone. Even when the radiographic signs are not suggestive of an oesophageal mass, an extraluminal oesophageal mass should be considered.

The study was based on soil samples taken after the long-term fertilizer experiment (1974-2014) where different doses of nitrogen and potassium were applied. The experiment was located at the Research Station of the UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz (Poland). The long-term application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers leads to changes in the concentration of mercury, soil acidification, reduction in total organic carbon, total nitrogen as well as affluence of available nutrients (P, K, Mg) and increased mobility of copper and zinc. The significant positive correlation between total mercury content in the soil and the content of N-NO₃, Zn, N-NH₄ and the hydrolytic acidity value were stated.

Soil testing in the Czech Republic is based on the use of the Mehlich 3 method for determination of macronutrients and diethylentriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and hot-water extraction for determination of micronutrients. Since inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers have become commonly used in soil testing laboratories, Mehlich 3 extractant could be used very effectively also for a simultaneous micronutrient determination. To take full advantage of the universal Mehlich 3 extractant, new criteria for evaluation of the content of micronutrients in this extractant are needed. The criteria presented in this study were obtained by a simple calculation of criteria from the relationships between the Mehlich 3 extractant and the extraction methods for which the criteria were available (DTPA for copper, zinc, manganese, iron and hot-water extraction for boron). The first calculated estimates of the criteria were pre-validated and slightly adjusted to minimize the difference between the frequency of the samples in each category after determination and evaluation by the compared methods. Further adjustment of the presented critical values with respect to the field and pot experiments will be necessary in the future.

The objective of research was, on the basis of the exactly predefined input parameters of upper soil horizons of selected forest soils, to perform accurate measurements of the impact of soil loading by tested forestry machinery using the dynamic penetration test. The measurements by the dynamic penetration test in conditions changed by the wheel traffic of forestry mechanization were performed at three localities of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise, Masaryk Forest, a special-purpose facility of Mendel University in Brno. The dynamic penetration test was performed with a lightweight dynamic penetrometer. The methodology of the research is based on assessing the ability of soils to resist dynamic penetration of a rod with a cone, in relation to their lithological composition and physicomechanical properties; the measurement itself is defined by the ISO 22476-2 (2005) standard. Penetrometer measurements were repeated in the period after a harvesting operation and again 6 months later, i.e. in October 2007, April 2008 and October 2008. The results of the field dynamic penetration test and the results of laboratory testing of main soil physical parameters are presented in figures and tables. Besides the naturally variable soil compaction on geologically different substrates, the obtained original results document differences in the impact of particular forestry machines. In conditions of the identical geological substrate, the results indicate that the universal wheeled tractor had a more negative influence on the compaction of surface soil horizons compared to the multi-axle harvester and the forwarder.

The study deals with differences in the growth of 2-year mix of poplar clones MAX 4, MAX 5 in the first rotation period at a site with the average moisture regime and at a neighbouring site affected by waterlogging. Average diameter at breast height (DBH) at the site without the observable water influence was 19.6 mm (average height 380 cm). Average DBH at the water-affected site was 8.1 mm (height 220 cm). The difference was statistically significant, which corroborates the hypothesis of the adverse influence of waterlogging on the growth of poplar clones. Furthermore, moisture content was ascertained in wood samples. A comparison was made of samples from the butt, middle part and top part of the stem. Differences between the respective stem parts were not statistically significant. Total average wood moisture content at the time of harvest (January 2012) was 59.7%.

The occurrence of both diseases was evaluated for four years in a selected orchard where 22 different apple progenies, totalling 699 seedlings were planted. During this period, no chemical protection against the diseases was applied in the orchard, and the incidence of the diseases was rated using a 9-point scale (from 9 = not infected to 1 = very highly infected). For the finalisation of the results, each seedling was characterised by the highest rate of infection from all four years of the evaluation. The lowest mean level of mildew infection equal to 7.47 was observed in the progeny of Resista × McIntosh Wijcik. Concerning the scab, the best was the progeny of Resista × Karmína having a rating equal to 8.27. The highest level of segregation of seedlings having joint resistance to both diseases was found out in the progenies obtained by crossings of HL665 × HL782 and Resista × HL447.

Forty six Holstein Friesian repeat breeding cows (the average AI/conception was 5.2 ± 0.2) were investigated using the progesterone assay after AI to determine possible differences in plasma progesterone profiles between summer and winter seasons. Twenty eight (60.9%) and 18 (39.1%) cows were followed in summer (June-August) and winter (December-February), respectively. In the summer season, the total progesterone concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in pregnant cows with normal luteal function compared to those in non-pregnant animals with abnormal luteal function. In contrast, in the winter season, there was no difference (P = 0.12) in total progesterone concentrations between pregnant and non-pregnant cows with normal or abnormal luteal functions. When the progesterone concentrations were compared, the pregnant and non-pregnant cows with normal luteal functions exhibited no difference (P = 0.92) in summer and winter seasons. Thus, the present study indicates that there is no effect of season on plasma progesterone profiles in repeat breeding cows; however in the summer season, the total progesterone concentrations were considerably higher in pregnant cows with normal luteal function compared to non-pregnant cows with abnormal luteal function.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Derby are the most common serovars of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica found in pigs in Europe. We previously observed that suckling piglets of sows vaccinated with an S. Typhimurium-based inactivated vaccine are protected against homologous strain challenge. To develop this vaccine for commercial use, potential crossprotectivity of this vaccine to challenge with S. Derby was tested. Two sows were vaccinated with an S. Typhimurium-based inactivated vaccine while two other sows remained serologically negative. Four-day-old suckling piglets from both groups were orally challenged with S. Derby or S. Typhimurium. Maternally-derived immunity against S. Typhimurium protected piglets against S. Typhimurium challenge, when a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in S. Typhimurium count was found in ileocaecal and submandibular lymph node, tonsil, ileum and ileum content. On the other hand, after S. Derby challenge, significant (P < 0.05) decrease in S. Derby count was detected only in ileum content. Although both serovars belong to the same O:4 serogroup, other antigenic structures, for example the flagellin, are different. In a subsequent in-vitro experiment, we found that serum from vaccinated sows inhibited the motility of S. Typhimurium but not the motility of S. Derby. Our results indicate that protectivity of S. Typhimurium vaccine against S. Derby infection is limited.

The study compares the role of agricultural green subsidies in rural development of the Czech Republic before and after joining the European Union (EU) in 2004. We use the perspective of multifunctional agriculture and contribute to the research on the contemporary trends in Czech agriculture by using the data collected through surveys in 2000 and 2006, as well as 2008 comparative statistical support, to ask if there have been significant changes and improvements in farmers' evaluations of these programs. The empirical case study results show some positive changes connected with the participation in the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP). In spite of improvements, farmers continue to cite two primary weaknesses and constraints - administrative procedures and shifting program guidelines - that were evident prior to joining the EU. It can be assumed that the environmental subsidies in the Horizontal Rural Development Plan 2004-2006 have had an effect on the stabilization of the livelihoods of rural inhabitants. In general, there is a positive shift of valuation of the CAP among farmers in the Czech Republic.

New requirements regarding agriculture production together with the increased pressure on environmentally friendly practices leave almost no space for the routine agriculture production. Innovations that include environmental changes are therefore essential. Agricultural research faces various challenges associated with the quality and effectiveness of agriculture production and recently also with the environmental and sustainability issues. The paper provides a case study focused on the environmental and social evaluation of a biological asset that constitutes an agricultural innovation. This paper also shows a concrete example of how the social and environmental reporting can be constructed and implemented by providing an evaluation of a Bumblebee Nest. As a result, the total value consisting of the market, ecosystem and aesthetic value is provided. Although the market value comprises the largest proportion of the total value, it does not exceed 64%.

To investigate the effects of osmotic stress on plant growth, and ions and compatible solutes accumulations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), in the present study, two-month-old plants were subjected to different degrees of osmotic stress (-0.5, -1.0, and -1.5 MPa) induced by sorbitol for 7 days. The results showed that fresh weight and water content in both leaf blade and leaf petiole significantly decreased by osmotic stress. With the increase of osmotic stress, Na⁺ concentration in leaf blade showed the significantly increasing trend. However, osmotic stress significantly reduced K⁺ concentration in lateral root. It was observed that osmotic stress of -1.5 MPa remarkably increased sucrose accumulation in storage root compared to control. In addition, plants accumulated more sucrose and fructose in storage root than in other tissues. Proline concentrations in leaf blade, leaf petiole and storage root significantly increased by osmotic stress of -1.0 MPa and -1.5 MPa; in leaf blade it was to a higher degree than in leaf petiole and storage root. These results suggested that sugar beet plants can adapt to osmotic stress by accumulating more osmolytes, such as Na⁺, sucrose and proline.

The paper deals with the evaluation of economy of forestry companies. The evaluation stems from the results of economic analyses of enterprises that are further monitored in the context of forestry and development of economic financial ratios of evaluated companies. Furthermore, the evaluation is based on real possibilities of companies stemming from resources which they have at their disposal and on the facts that occurred in the selected companies in the monitored period. The development of important factors influencing the whole branch of forestry and their real state are introduced in the first part of the paper. After that, methods used in financial analysis of enterprises are described. The fact that forest land in the Czech Republic covered 2.66 million hectares in 2014 and its proportion in the total area of the country is 34% adds importance to the topic (Czech Statistical Yearbook 2015).

The paper deals with the possibility of appropriate measurement and evaluation of emissions of nitrogen oxides. Development of exhaust systems which captures the solid particles emitted from engine, lost an objective assessment of the emission status of the diesel engine of agricultural tractor. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new method of measuring and quantifying the emission state of the diesel engine by measuring emissions, which should be economic and time-saving, but especially universal and sufficiently precise. The selected method should also provide sufficient information on such emissions that are subject to approval but they are not controlled during periodic checks.

Six onion cultivars Bingo, Dormo, Elenka, Elbrus, Spirit, and Sturon grown in the Czech Republic for commercial purposes were analysed to investigate the content of health-promoting compounds. The results showed that at harvest time, cysteine sulfoxide content varied from 32.38 to 44.16 g/kg of dry weight, polyphenol content was between 2.66 and 3.37 g/kg of dry weight, and antioxidant activity ranged from 0.75 to 0.83 g/kg. Cv. Bingo had the highest level of the analysed compounds. The cultivars were concurrently analysed by DNA (microsatellite) markers. Dendrograms based on the chemical composition and DNA analysis were almost identical. This finding confirms the dependence of the secondary metabolite content on onion genotype.

The effect of curd cooking temperature (40 and 42°C), pressing, and ripening on textural and sensory properties of vacuum packaged semi-cooked ewe's milk cheese was studied. Chemical and microbiological analyses, colour, texture, and sensory characteristics were determined. Curd cooking temperature and pressing influenced a_w, moisture and salt-in-moisture content. Texture parameters were partially modified by pressing. On the contrary, cooking temperature resulted mainly in changes of cheese colour. Storage time was the most important factor in changing cheese characteristics, including sensory characteristics, whereas an increase of bitter aftertaste was observed during storage, likely due to packaging in a plastic pouch.

Human scent is a complex combination of many chemical substances. Skin is supposed to be one of sources of scent traces. The values of the boiling points of human scent compounds were supposed to be lower than 300°C. The purpose of the study was to determine the temperature at which the human scent is degraded so that a dog would not be able to identify it. In contrast to expectations, eight dogs used in the experiment almost flawlessly identified human scents from five scent donors exposed to temperatures of 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C. Only two of the dogs were able to identify 5 of 15 scent samples exposed to 900°C. No dog identified a scent exposed to 1000°C. Our study verified heat survivability of human scent far beyond existing expectations. There may be an extremely heat resistant, previously undetected, compound of human scent, unsusceptible to heat which exceeds standard temperatures used for sterilization. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for cardinal change of our view of factors affecting the vulnerability of human scent, resulting in the need to alter the approach of forensic methodology dealing with identification of human scent.

Individual types of retinal dysplasia - folds, geographic and detached, have different impacts on vision ability. The purpose of this study was to undertake a qualitative and comparative evaluation of retinal activity in the individual types of the retinal dysplasia - folds, geographic and detached. Dogs (n = 24) with an ophthalmoscopic diagnosis of retinal dysplasia (rd) underwent vision testing, ophthalmologic examination and electroretinography. A three-degree scale (mild, moderate and severe) was used to describe the severity of ophthalmoscopic lesions in the rd folds and rd geographic forms. Our findings indicate that retinal folds of mild and moderate severity, and the mild geographic type of the rd, have similar effects on ERG responses, while severe retinal folds give lower ERG responses than moderately advanced geographical rd. This study confirms that electroretinography may generate a more comprehensive view of an altered retinal activity in the course of rd, which is helpful in making decisions on qualifying or excluding a given individual from the breeding program.

This paper describes clinical experiences with the use of shape memory nickel-titanium (NiTi) clips in gastrointestinal surgery in dogs. Side-to-side small bowel anastomosis was performed in eight dogs where intestinal continuity had to be restored after bowel resection. Billroth's operation I was performed in one case. Compression anastomosis clips with two-way shape memory were used in all surgical procedures. Intestinal and gastrointestinal anastomoses involving shape memory clips were effective in all patients. Anastomotic leaks were not observed, and all clips were expelled 5-7 days after surgery. The outcomes of surgical procedures performed on canine patients with the use of shape memory NiTi clips indicate that sutureless compression anastomosis is a safe, effective and simple method of restoring gastrointestinal continuity, which can be widely applied in veterinary practice.

Socio-economic backwardness is usually defined by common characteristics or classification. The differences between the DMEs and DCs in the case of resources (prevalence of DCs) and in the case of outputs and performance (prevalence of DMEs) is evident. The difference in the economic level and the level of living between the DCs and DMEs had deepened during the last three decades, however, it has to be pointed out again, that this difference is increasing still more slowly what can be a presage of an approaching turn (in the sense of the possible beginning of a slow decrease of this gap). While the per capita GDP indicator is regarded as one of the most important indicators of the economic level, the HDI can be regarded as the most important indicator of the given country population level of living and as such, it is hitherto rather underestimated. Similarly, the CPM indicator (as the measure of poverty), which is a composed indicator, has a higher testifying ability than a simple income level per capita in USD defined as the poverty level. It is obvious, that economic development is impossible without social development, and vice versa. Generally, the gap between the more developed developing countries, measured through the world income distribution, is then still widening. As a positive phenomenon, there can be, however, regarded the fact that deepening of this gap occurs at a lower rate. Through a more detailed analysis by the individual indicators, the most valuable from which are the indicators composed from several partial indicators (for example HDI, CPM), a certain tendencies towards the gradual improvement of the socio-economic situation in developing countries as a whole - but with the relevant differences in the individual regions of the world - can be discerned. In general, close ties have been proven between the economic growth and the growth of the population level of living, their mutual influencing and the main elements from which they are composed.

The aim of this study was to determine whether meat and bone meal (MBM) can be used as NP fertilizer for spring barley grown for fodder. A two-factorial field experiment was conducted in Poland. Experimental factor I was MBM dose (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 t/ha/year) which was compared to the mineral fertilization (NPK), factor II was the year of the study (two consecutive years). MBM used in doses higher than 1.0 t/ha had a more beneficial influence on the grain yield of spring barley and grain plumpness than mineral fertilizers. The positive yield-forming effect of MBM doses 2.0 t/ha and 2.5 t/ha was statistically significant. The nitrogen (N) content of grain was similar in treatments with MBM and mineral fertilization. The two highest MBM doses contributed to a significant decrease in the phosphorus (P) content of grain, particularly in the second year of the study, in comparison with the remaining MBM doses and mineral fertilizers. Grain yield and N content were also affected by the year of the study, due to weather conditions and the residual effect of MBM. The optimal MBM dose was 1.5 t/ha, which allowed to produce 5.1 t/ha of the plumpest grain whose N and P content was consistent with the feeding standards for livestock.

Road cross section, as one the main effective factors in relation to fill and cut volume, was effective in costs and disturbance of forest road constructions. In this research, the effect of a few physiographic parameters on forest road cross section was evaluated. For this purpose, 192 cross sections on forest roads were delineated selectively in mountain forests in the north of Iran. The physiographic factors including elevation, hillside slope, slope aspect, rock base, and soil texture as well as cross section width were measured. After evaluating the data in terms of normality and homogeneity, it was analysed by Spearman's and Pearson's correlation tests using SPSS20. One-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Duncan grouping tests were used to determine the effect of the above-mentioned factors both separately and simultaneously. Results showed that the parameters including hillside slope, rock base, and soil texture had a significant effect. Elevation was recognized as a regional parameter due to the lack of any relationship with cross section. There was no significant relation between slope aspect and cross section. The hillside slope was defined as the most effective parameter on the cross section.

Grain size distribution of grist is dependent on the type of grinding mill. The most widely used crushers used for malt grinding are roll grinding machines and dispersants are the disc mills. For rating of grist fineness grists made in the two-roller mill KVM 130/150 and dispersant the disk mill Skiold SK 2500 was used. The selected types of barley malt were processed: light malt, Munich malt, caramel malt and colouring malt. Rating of malt grist fineness was made with a help of sieve analysis using a "Pfungstadt sifter". Conclusions from the measurements are as follows: by using the two-roller mill the coarsest grist is got from caramel malt and the finest malt from the light malt. The dispersant was processing grist at a speed of 1,500 rpm and 2,800 rpm. For each speed, the coarsest grist was obtained from caramel malt and the finest grist was obtained by crushing colouring malt.

With the advantage of Structure from Motion technique, we reconstructed three-dimensional structures from two-dimensional image sequences in a circular plot with a radius of 6 m. The main objective of this research was to clarify the potential of using a low cost hand-held camera for evaluation of the stem accuracy reconstruction, through the comparison of data from two different point clouds. The first cloud comprises data collected with a digital camera that are compared with those collected by direct measurement of the FARO^® Focus3D S120 laser scanner. Photos were taken in a circular plot of pine trees using the stop-and-go method. We estimated the Euclidean distance for corresponding points for both clouds and we found out that most of the points with error less than 11 cm are concentrated mainly on the ground. Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between height above ground and error, the error is more pronounced for points located higher on the stems. As expected, no dependence was found between the error of the points and the diameter at breast height of their respective stems.

The fucoidans were obtained by extraction with water and gradient precipitation with different concentrations of ethanol. The main structural characterisations and bioactivities were achieved. Four fractions of water-soluble crude fucoidans with different molecular weights - SPC60, SPC70, SPH60, SPH70 - were extracted from S. pallidum collected from the Yellow Sea, China, using cold water and hot water extraction, and fractional precipitation with gradient concentrations of ethanol. Chemical analysis demonstrated that all of these fucoidan fractions consisted of fucose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose with different monosaccharide mole ratios. Fractions SPC60, SPC70, and SPH70 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against P388 murine leukaemia cells. Fucoidan is a kind of bioactive polysaccharide from the brown algae. This study provides a fast and feasible method to obtain fucoidans from S. pallidum, which can be used as pharmaceutical material and functional food.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is concluded to be the principal reservoir of Pea streak virus (PeSV, genus Carlavirus) which induces necrotic streaking symptoms in pea. This virus is prevalent in pea growing areas in the USA, but in Europe it was recorded only once almost 60 years ago. Recently, filamentous virus particles 600-700 nm long have been observed in examined plant sap of alfalfa with leaf malformation, local necrotic lesions and yellow spots on leaves. Four kilo base pairs nucleotide sequence of PeSV including partial replicase gene, triple gene block, and capsid protein (CP) gene has been determined. On the nucleotide level, the sequence of the CP has about 80% identity with the North American isolates of PeSV, however, on the amino acid level the sequence has more than 94% identity. This is the first sequence-based proof of PeSV presence in Europe.

Six adult loggerhead turtles were found stranded and were rescued near Sicily within a period of 12 months. Macroscopically apparent lesions of the shell were present. After thorough physical examination, ketamine-dexmedetomidine-atipamezole induction and tracheal tube insertion all six patients underwent computed tomographic examination under inhalant anaesthesia with isoflurane. A vertebral lesion at the level of the 3^rd thoracic-lumbar vertebra with vertebral lamina and the vertebral body being involved without compression of the spinal cord, a vertebral lesion at the level of the 7^th thoracic-lumbar vertebra and a vertebral lesion at the level of the 8^th thoracic-lumbar vertebra were recorded in the first female. Loss of the shell near the left carapace-plastron bridge, with massive haemorrhage and compression of organs were present in the second female. The remaining four turtles had only superficial lesions with no involvement of bones and organs of the coelom. Computed tomography was proved to be a valuable non-invasive method for clinical examination of stranded sea turtles.

The study focuses on the environmental problem of diffuse pollution from agriculture (DPA) as a result of the land use and the policy intervention that can be used to mitigate the problem. Attention is paid to the use of economic instruments (EIs) in policies concerning the DPA. Also, policy options, the advantages and disadvantages of the EIs and their assessment are looked at.

The experiments were conducted in four locations in Serbia: Valjevo, Kucevo, Nova Pazova and Surduk in 2012 and 2013. A working hypothesis that growing conditions would not affect the rutin content in buckwheat leaves was set up. The content of rutin in leaves of buckwheat was determined by the HPLC/DAD technique, using the external standard calibration method. Out of the basic biometric parameters, average value, variance, and the variation coefficient were estimated. Results were processed by the analysis of variance for the factorial experiment. The analysis of variance showed existence of significant differences in the rutin content, over locations, but only in the first year of testing. The average content of rutin in the first and the second year was 3.30% and 2.61%, respectively, and in both years of testing it amounted on average to 2.82%. The variation in the rutin content was larger in the second year of testing. On the other hand, this variation was lower in the first year (5.3-29.0%) in comparison to the second year (16.2-28.6%). Relatively lower rutin contents were recorded in samples collected at lower-altitude locations.