Effect of dietary magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and limestone grain size on productive performance and eggshell quality of hens
M. Skřivan, M. Englmaierová, M. Marounek, V. Skřivanová, T. Taubner, T. Vít
https://doi.org/10.17221/3/2016-CJASCitation:Skřivan M., Englmaierová M., Marounek M., Skřivanová V., Taubner T., Vít T. (2016): Effect of dietary magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and limestone grain size on productive performance and eggshell quality of hens. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 61: 473-480.Two experiments conducted on laying hens, aged 50 and 52 weeks, were carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary Mg and its relationship to the Ca : NPP (non-phytate phosphorus) ratio using a various grain-size of limestone. The Ca : NPP ratio in each experiment was 12.8 and 18, respectively. Two Mg levels were evaluated in the first (1.56 and 4.0 g/kg) and the second experiment (1.52 and 4.0 g/kg). A fine-grained limestone (< 0.5 mm; FL) or a coarse-grained limestone (0.8–2 mm; CL) was used in the first experiment. In the second experiment, a mixture of both the aforementioned limestone forms (FCL) was used as the third alternative. The main parameters estimated in this study were egg production and egg shell breaking strength. In the first experiment, CL significantly increased hen-day egg production (P = 0.043) and Mg (in dietary concentration up to 4 g/kg) increased egg weight (P < 0.001). The addition of Mg to the mixed feed, together with CL, decreased yolk percentage (P = 0.008), increased egg shell percentage (P = 0.044), increased egg shell thickness (P = 0.014), and egg shell breaking strength (P = 0.003). Higher dietary Mg, together with a wider Ca : NPP ratio in the second experiment, increased egg production and egg weight (P < 0.001), but it did not influence egg shell breaking strength. CL increased egg shell breaking strength compared to the addition of FL, as well as FCL (P < 0.05), regardless of the Mg levels. Lower level of Mg with FL decreased ash content of shells (P = 0.004).
Keywords:magnesium oxide, limestone granularity, mixed feed, Ca : NPP ratio, egg shell strength, layers
References:AOAC (2005): Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th Ed. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, USA.
Atteh J.O., Leeson S. (1983a): Influence of increasing the calcium and magnesium content of the drinking water on performance and bone and plasma minerals of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 62, 869–874.
Atteh J.O., Leeson S. (1983b): Influence of increasing dietary calcium and magnesium levels on performance, mineral metabolism, and egg mineral content of laying hens. Poultry Science, 62, 1261–1268. Ding S. T., Shen T. F. (1992): The effect of dietary magnesium level on the eggshell quality in laying Tsaiya duck and Leghorn hen. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 5, 217-224 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1992.217 Dus?kov� Dagmar, Marounek Milan, Br?ezina Pavel (2001): Determination of phytic acid in feeds and faeces of pigs and poultry by capillary isotachophoresis. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 81, 36-41 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(20010101)81:1<36::AID-JSFA776>3.0.CO;2-A
Englmaierova M., Dlouha G., Marounek M., Skrivan M. (2012): Efficacy of contrast levels of non-phytate phosphorus and Aspergillus niger phytase in hens fed wheat-maize-based diets. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 57, 499–505.
Englmaierova M., Skrivanova V., Skrivan M. (2014): The effect of non-phytate phosphorus and phytase levels on performance, egg and tibia quality, and pH of the digestive tract in hens fed higher-calcium-content diets. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 59, 107–115. Englmaierová M., Skřivan M., Skřivanová E., Bubancová I., Čermák L., Vlčková J. (): Effects of a low-phosphorus diet and exogenous phytase on performance, egg quality, and bacterial colonisation and digestibility of minerals in the digestive tract of laying hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 60, 542-549 https://doi.org/10.17221/8596-CJAS
Haugh R.R. (1937): The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. US Egg and Poultry Magazine, 43, 552–555, 572–573. Hess J., Britton W. (1997): Effects of dietary magnesium excess in White Leghorn hens. Poultry Science, 76, 703-710 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.5.703 Kim Chan Ho, Paik In Kee, Kil Dong Yong (2013): Effects of Increasing Supplementation of Magnesium in Diets on Productive Performance and Eggshell Quality of Aged Laying Hens. Biological Trace Element Research, 151, 38-42 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9537-z Kozłowski K., Jeroch H. (2011): Efficacy of different levels of <i>Escherichia coli</i> phytase in hens fed maize-soyabean meal based diets with a decreased non-phytate phosphorus content. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 20, 224-235 https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66173/2011
McDonald P., Edwards R.A., Greenhalgh J.F.D., Morgan C.E., Sinclair L.A., Wilkinson R.G. (2011): Animal Nutrition. Pearson Education Limited, London, UK. Mehring A. L., Johnson D. (1965): Magnesium in Limestones for Laying Chickens. Poultry Science, 44, 853-860 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0440853 MILES R. D., COSTA P. T., HARMS R. H. (1983): The Influence of Dietary Phosphorus Level on Laying Hen Performance, Egg Shell Quality, and Various Blood Parameters. Poultry Science, 62, 1033-1037 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0621033
National Research Council (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Ed. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., USA. Olukosi O. A., Fru-Nji F. (): The interplay of dietary nutrient level and varying calcium to phosphorus ratios on efficacy of a bacterial phytase: 2. Ileal and total tract nutrient utilization. Poultry Science, 93, 3044-3052 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2014-03979 Scott M. L., Hull S. J., Mullenhoff P. A. (1971): The Calcium Requirements of Laying Hens and Effects of Dietary Oyster Shell Upon Egg Shell Quality. Poultry Science, 50, 1055-1063 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0501055 Scott T., Kampen R., Silversides F. (1999): The effect of phosphorus, phytase enzyme, and calcium on the performance of layers fed corn-based diets. Poultry Science, 78, 1742-1749 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.12.1742 SHASTAK Y., RODEHUTSCORD M. (2015): A review of the role of magnesium in poultry nutrition. World's Poultry Science Journal, 71, 125-138 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933915000112 Skřivan M., Marounek M., Bubancová I., Podsedníček M. (2010): Influence of limestone particle size on performance and egg quality in laying hens aged 24–36 weeks and 56–68 weeks. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 158, 110-114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.018 Skřivan M., Englmaierová M., Skřivanová E., Bubancová I. (): Increase in lutein and zeaxanthin content in the eggs of hens fed marigold flower extract. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 60, 87-96 https://doi.org/10.17221/8073-CJAS Snow J. L., Douglas M. W., Koelkebeck K. W., Batal A. B., Persia M. E., Biggs P. E., Parsons C. M. (2004): Minimum Phosphorus Requirement of One-Cycle and Two-Cycle (Molted) Hens. Poultry Science, 83, 917-924 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.6.917 Sohail S. S., Roland D. A. (2002): Influence of Dietary Phosphorus on Performance of Hy-Line W36 Hens. Poultry Science, 81, 75-83 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.1.75 Stafford J. E. H., Edwards N. A. (1973): Magnesium metabolism in the laying fowl. British Poultry Science, 14, 137-148 https://doi.org/10.1080/00071667308416006 Stillmak S. J., Sunde M. L. (1971): The Use of High Magnesium Limestone in the Diet of the Laying Hen: 2. Calcium and Magnesium Availability. Poultry Science, 50, 564-572 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0500564 SUMMERS J. D. (1995): Reduced Dietary Phosphorus Levels for Layers. Poultry Science, 74, 1977-1983 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0741977 Toba Yasuhiro, Takada Yukihiro, Tanaka Miyako, Aoe Seiichiro (1999): Comparison of the effects of milk components and calcium source on calcium bioavailability in growing male rats. Nutrition Research, 19, 449-459 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(99)00013-5
Toba Y., Kajita Y., Masuyama R., Takada Y., Suzuki K., Aoe S. (2000): Dietary magnesium supplementation affects bone metabolism and dynamic strength of bone in ovariectomized rats. Journal of Nutrition, 130, 216–220.
Tumova E., Gous R.M., Tyler N. (2014): Effect of hen age, environmental temperature, and oviposition time on egg shell quality and egg shell and serum mineral contents in laying and broiler breeder hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 59, 435–443.
Venglovska K., Gresakova L., Placha I., Ryzner M., Cobanova K. (2014): Effects of feed supplementation with manganese from its different sources on performance and egg parameters of laying hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 59, 147–155. Wang S., Chen W., Zhang H. X., Ruan D., Lin Y. C. (): Influence of particle size and calcium source on production performance, egg quality, and bone parameters in laying ducks. Poultry Science, 93, 2560-2566 https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2014-03962
West B.L., Williams P.L., Nockels C.F., Enos H.L. (1980): Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus for aging hens. Poultry Science, 59, 1672.
Wise A. (1983): Dietary factors determining the biological activities of phytase. Nutrition Abstract Reviews, 53, 791–806.
Impact Factor (Web of Science):
2020: 1.267
Q3 – Agriculture, Dairy and Animal Science
5-Year Impact Factor: 1.428
SCImago Journal Rank (SCOPUS):
New Issue Alert
Join the journal on Facebook!
Ask for email notification.
Abstracted / Indexed in
AGRICOLA
Agrindex of AGRIS/FAO database
Animal Breeding Abstracts
CAB Abstracts
CNKI
Current Contents®/Agriculture, Biology and Environmental Sciences
Czech Agricultural and Food Bibliography
DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
EBSCO – Academic Search Ultimate
Food Science and Technology Abstracts
Google Scholar
ISI Web of Knowledge®
J-Gate
ProQuest
Science Citation Index Expanded®
SCOPUS
TOXLINE PLUS
Web of Science®
Licence terms
All content is made freely available for non-commercial purposes, users are allowed to copy and redistribute the material, transform, and build upon the material as long as they cite the source.
Open Access Policy
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
Contact
Ing. Karolina Tučková
Executive Editor (Editorial Office – publication)
e-mail: cjas
Address
Czech Journal of Animal Science
Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Slezská 7
120 00 Praha 2
Czech Republic
