Aikman PC, Reynolds CK, Beever DE. Diet digestibility, rate of passage, and eating and rumination behavior of Jersey and Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Mar 1;91(3):1103-14. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0724 Beauchemin KA. Invited review: Current perspectives on eating and rumination activity in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2018 Apr 4;101(6):4762-84.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13706 Ben Meir YA, Nikbachat M, Fortnik Y, Jacoby S, Levit H, Adin G, Cohen Zinder M, Shabtay A, Gershon E, Zachut M, Mabjeesh SJ, Halachmi I, Miron J. Eating behavior, milk production, rumination, and digestibility characteristics of high- and low-efficiency lactating cows fed a low-roughage diet. J Dairy Sci. 2018 Sep 26;101(12):10973-84.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14684 Byskov MV, Nadeau E, Johansson BEO, Norgaard P. Variations in automatically recorded rumination time as explained by variations in intake of dietary fractions and milk production, and between-cow variation. J Dairy Sci. 2015 Mar 18;98(6):3926-37. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8012 Clement P, Guatteo R, Delaby L, Rouille B, Chanvallon A, Philipot JM, Bareille N. Short communication: Added value of rumination time for the prediction of dry matter intake in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2014 Aug 14;97(10):6531-5. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7860 Connor EE, Hutchison JL, Norman HD, Olson KM, Van Tassell CP, Leith JM, Baldwin RL. Use of residual feed intake in Holsteins during early lactation shows potential to improve feed efficiency through genetic selection. J Anim Sci. 2013 May 8;91(8):3978-88. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5977 Crossley RE, Harlander-Matauschek A, DeVries TJ. Variability in behavior and production among dairy cows fed under differing levels of competition. J Dairy Sci. 2017 Mar 9;100(5):3825-38.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-12108 Dado RG, Allen MS. Variation in and relationships among feeding, chewing and drinking variables for lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 1994 Jan 1;77(1):132-44.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)76936-8 Dann HM, Fredin SM, Cotanch KW, Grant RJ, Kokko C, Ji P, Fujita K. Effects of corn-based reduced-starch diets using alternative carbohydrate sources on performance of lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2015 Apr 15;98(6):4041-54.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-9078 De Mol RM, Goselink RMA, Van Riel JW, Knijn HM, Van Knegsel ATM. The relation between eating time and feed intake of dairy cows. Proceedings of the Precision Dairy Farming Conference; Wageningen, The Netherlands. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers; 2016. p. 387-92. DeVries TJ, von Keyserlingk MAG, Weary DM. Effect of feeding space on the inter-cow distance, aggression, and feeding behavior of free-stall housed lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2004 May 1;87(5):1432-8.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73293-2 Ehrlich JL. Quantifying shape of lactation curves, and bench-mark curves for common dairy breeds and parities. Bovine Pract. 2011 Jan 1;45(1):88-95. Grinter LN, Campler MR, Costa JH. Validation of a behavior-monitoring collar’s precision and accuracy to measure rumination, feeding, and resting time of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2019 Feb 14;102(4):3487-94.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15563 Halachmi I, Ben Meir Y, Miron J, Maltz E. Feeding behavior improves prediction of dairy cow voluntary feed intake but cannot serve as the sole indicator. Animal. 2016 Sep 21;10(9):1501-6.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115001809 Haley DB, Rushen J, de Passille AM. Behavioural indicators of cow comfort: Activity and resting behaviour of dairy cows in two types of housing. Can J Anim Sci. 2000 Jun 1;80(2):257-63. https://doi.org/10.4141/A99-084 Hunter JD. Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment. Comp Sci Eng. 2007 Jun 18;9(3):90-5.  https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55 Jensen LM, Markussen B, Nielsen NI, Nadeau E, Weisbjerg MR, Norgaard P. Description and evaluation of a net energy intake model as a function of dietary chewing index. J Dairy Sci. 2016 Aug 31;99(11):8699-715. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10389 Jiang FG, Lin XY, Yan ZG, Hu ZY, Liu GM, Sun YD, Liu XW, Wang ZH. Effect of dietary roughage level on chewing activity, ruminal pH, and saliva secretion in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2017 Feb 16;100(4):2660-71. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11559 Johnson C, DeVries TJ. Short communication: Associated of feeding behavior and milk production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2018 Feb 4;101(4):3367-73. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13743 Kaufman EI, Asselstine VH, LeBlanc SJ, Duffield TF, DeVries TJ. Association of rumination time and health status with milk yield and composition in early-lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2018 Oct 18;101(1):462-71.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12909 Krawczel PD, Mooney CS, Dann HM, Carter MP, Butzler RE, Ballard CS, Grant RJ. Effect of alternative models for increasing stocking density on the short-term behavior and hygiene of Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 May 1;95(5):2467-75. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4686 Krpalkova L, Cabrera VE, Kvapilik J, Burdych J. Associations of reproduction and health with the performance and profit of dairy cows. Agric Econ – Czech. 2016 Aug 1;62(8):385-94.  https://doi.org/10.17221/176/2015-AGRICECON Liboreiro DN, Machado KS, Silva PRB, Maturana MM, Nishimura TK, Brandao AP, Endres MI, Chebel RC. Characterization of peripartum rumination and activity of cows diagnosed with metabolic and uterine diseases. J Dairy Sci. 2015 Jul 29;98(10):6812-27.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8947 Moretti R, de Rezende MPG, Stefano B, Riccardo B. Heritability and genetic correlations between rumination time and production traits in Holstein dairy cows during different lactation phases. J Anim Breed Genet. 2018 Jul 17;135(4):293-9.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12346 Newville M, Stensitzki T, Allen D, Ingargiola A. LMFIT: Non-linear least-square minimization and curve-fitting for Python [Internet]. Version 3.7.3. Astrophysics Source Code Library; Jun 2016. Available from: www.ascl.net/1606.014 Niu M, Ying Y, Bartell PA, Harvatine KJ. The effects of feeding rations that differ in fiber and fermentable starch within a day on milk production and the daily rhythm of feed intake and plasma hormones and metabolites in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2017 Jan 1;100(1):187-98. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11129 NRC – National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th rev. ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2001 Feb 9. 405 p. Paudyal S, Maunsell F, Richeson J, Risco C, Donovan A, Pinedo P. Peripartal rumination dynamics and health status in cows calving in hot and cool seasons. J Dairy Sci. 2016 Nov 1;99(11):9057-68. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11203 Salfer IJ, Morelli MC, Ying Y, Allen MS, Harvatine KJ. The effects of source and concentration of dietary fiber, starch, and fatty acids on the daily patterns of feed intake, rumination, and rumen pH in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2018 Dec 1;101(12):10911-21.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15071 Schirmann K, Chapinal N, Weary DM, Heuwieser W, von Keyserlingk MAG. Rumination and its relationship to feeding and lying behavior in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Jun 1;95(6):3212-7.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4741 Schirmann K, Weary DM, Heuwieser W, Chapinal N, Cerri RLA, von Keyserlingk MAG. Short communication: Rumination and feeding behaviors differ between healthy and sick dairy cows during the transition period. J Dairy Sci. 2016 Oct 5;99(12):9917-24.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10548 Soriani N, Trevisi E, Calamari L. Relationships between rumination time, metabolic conditions, and health status in dairy cows during the transition period. J Anim Sci. 2012 Dec 1;90(12):4544-54.  https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-5064 Soriani N, Panella G, Calamari L. Rumination time during the summer season and its relationships with metabolic conditions and milk production. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Jun 19;96(8):5082-94.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6620 Stone AE, Jones BW, Becker CA, Bewley JM. Influence of breed, milk yield, and temperature-humidity index on dairy cow lying time, neck activity, reticulorumen temperature, and rumination behavior. J Dairy Sci. 2017 Jan 18;100(3):2395-403.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11607 Van Hertem T, Parmet Y, Steensels M, Maltz E, Antler A, Schlageter-Tello AA, Lokhorst C, Romanini CEB, Viazzi S, Bahr C, Berckmans D, Halachmi I. The effect of routine hoof trimming on locomotion score, ruminating time, activity, and milk yield of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2014 Jun 12;97(8):4852-63.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7576 Verbeke G, Molenberghs G. Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2000. 570 p. Watt LJ, Clark CEF, Krebs GL, Petzel CE, Nielsen S, Utsumi SA. Differential rumination, intake, and enteric methane production of dairy cows in a pasture-based automatic milking system. J Dairy Sci. 2015 Aug 5;98(10):7248-63.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9463 Werner J, Umstatter C, Leso L, Kennedy E, Geoghegan A, Shalloo L, Schick M, O’Brien B. Evaluation and application potential of an accelerometer-based collar device for measuring grazing behavior of dairy cows. Animal. 2019 Feb 8;13(9):2070-9.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731118003658 White RR, Hall MB, Firkins JL, Kononoff PJ. Physically adjusted neutral detergent fiber system for lactating dairy cow rations. I: Deriving equations that identify factors that influence effectiveness of fiber. J Dairy Sci. 2017 Oct 4;100(12):9551-68.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12765 Zebeli Q, Tafaj M, Steingass H, Metzler B, Drochner W. Effects of physically effective fiber on digestive processes and milk fat content in early lactating dairy cows fed total mixed rations. J Dairy Sci. 2006 Feb 1;89(2):651-68. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72129-4