We compared subgroups of fruit and vegetables which provide the best nutritional value per unit cost. For this purpose, nutrient adequacy score and nutrient density score, based on the content of vitamins A, C, E, folate, thiamine, riboflavin, calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium, were calculated and subsequently complemented by food prices. The study was focused on elderly people over 65 years. The nutrient density score for vegetables was found significantly higher than that for fruit (P < 0.001), which implies that vegetables provide a higher amount of nutrients per energy unit. The highest nutrient-to-price ratio was observed for carrot, savoy cabbage, head cabbage, pepper, kohlrabi, green peas, and potatoes. Our results can help consumers identify affordable nutrient-rich types of fruit and vegetables and maximise the nutrient-to-calorie ratio.
to eating more fruits and vegetables for low-income families? Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107: 1909–1915.
Darmon Nicole, Darmon Michel, Maillot Matthieu, Drewnowski Adam (2005): A Nutrient Density Standard for Vegetables and Fruits: Nutrients per Calorie and Nutrients per Unit Cost. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105, 1881-1887
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.09.005
Dostálová J., Dlouhý P., Tláskal P. (2012): Výživová doporučení pro obyvatelstvo České republiky. Výživa a potraviny, 67(3): 80–82.
Drewnowski A. (2005): Concept of a nutritious food: toward a nutrient density score. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82: 721–732.
Drewnowski Adam (2009): Defining Nutrient Density: Development and Validation of the Nutrient Rich Foods Index. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 28, 421S-426S
https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2009.10718106
Drewnowski A. (): The Nutrient Rich Foods Index helps to identify healthy, affordable foods. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91, 1095S-1101S
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.28450D
Drewnowski Adam, Fulgoni Victor (2008): Nutrient profiling of foods: creating a nutrient-rich food index. Nutrition Reviews, 66, 23-39
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.00003.x
Drewnowski Adam, Rehm Colin D., Zhang Harry (2013): Vegetable Cost Metrics Show That Potatoes and Beans Provide Most Nutrients Per Penny. PLoS ONE, 8, e63277-
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063277
EFSA (2008): The setting of nutrient profiles for foods bearing nutrition and health claims pursuant to article 4 of the regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. The EFSA Journal, 644: 1–44.
Incoma GfK (2011): TOP 10. Zboží & Prodej.
Jakubikova Marie, Dofkova Marcela, Ruprich Jiri (2011): Fruit and vegetable intake in the Czech child population. Public Health Nutrition, 14, 1047-1054
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980010003551
Maillot M., Darmon N., Darmon M., Lafay L., Drewnowski A. (2007): Nutrient-dense food groups have high energy costs: an econometric approach to nutrient profiling. The Journal of Nutrition, 137: 1815–1820.
Pearson Amber L., Winter Pieta R., McBreen Ben, Stewart Georgia, Roets Rianda, Nutsford Daniel, Bowie Christopher, Donnellan Niamh, Wilson Nick, Adams Jean (2014): Obtaining Fruit and Vegetables for the Lowest Prices: Pricing Survey of Different Outlets and Geographical Analysis of Competition Effects. PLoS ONE, 9, e89775-
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089775
(2007): Practice Paper of the American Dietetic Association: Nutrient Density: Meeting Nutrient Goals within Calorie Needs. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107, 860-869
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.03.020
Ruprich J., Dofková M., Řehůřková I., Slaměníková E., Resová D. (2006): Individuální spotřeba potravin – národní studie SISP04. CHPŘ SZÚ v Praze. Available at http://czvp.szu.cz/spotrebapotravin.htm
Schröder H., Vila J., Marrugat J., Covas M.I. (2008): Low energy density diets are associated with favorable nutrient intake profile and adequacy in free-living elderly men and women. The Journal of Nutrition, 138: 1476–1481.
Souci S.W., Fachmann W., Kraut H. (2008): Food Composition and Nutrition Tables. 7th revised and completed Ed. Stuttgart, MedPharm Scientific Publishers.
SPV (2011): Referenční hodnoty pro příjem živin. Praha, Společnost pro výživu .
USDA & HHS (2010): Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010. Available at www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2010/PolicyDoc/PolicyDoc.pdf
VÚP SK (2008–2013): Kompilovaná online databáza nutričního zloženia potravin, Verzia: June 2009. Výskumný ústav potravinársky, Bratislava. Available at http://www.pbd-online.sk