The present study investigated the adsorption-desorption behaviour of triazophos on Indian soils at 10, 20 and 40°C using batch equilibrium technique. Results revealed that adsorption isotherms were explained better by Freundlich model and adsorption coefficient (Kf) decreased with increase in temperature indicating that adsorption was affected strongly by temperature. Moreover thermodynamic analysis showed that triazophos adsorption onto soil was spontaneous, exothermic and might have occurred through chemisorptions, hydrogen bonding or ligand-exchange interactions. Desorption results depicted that nearly 90% of the pesticide amount adsorbed by soil was retained by it at 10°C and the amount decreased with increase in temperature. Thus, the pesticide has a potential to contaminate surface and ground water at higher temperature due to weak adsorption on tested soils and release of more adsorbed pesticide during desorption with water. At temperature below 20°C, pesticide became almost immobile and therefore soil remediation may be required. The study highlights the importance of temperature in regulating the application of triazophos in soil.
Bajeer Muhammad Ashraf (2012): Adsorption and Leaching Potential of Imidacloprid Pesticide through Alluvial Soil. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 03, 604-611
https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2012.38079
Bhandari Alok, Lesan Heather M. (2003): Isotherms for Atrazine Desorption from Two Surface Soils. Environmental Engineering Science, 20, 257-263
https://doi.org/10.1089/109287503321671465
Bhushan C., Bhardwaj A., Misra S.S. (2013): State of Pesticide Regulations in India. New Delhi, Centre for Science and Environment.
Bouyoucos George John (1962): Hydrometer Method Improved for Making Particle Size Analyses of Soils1. Agronomy Journal, 54, 464-
https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1962.00021962005400050028x
Broznić Dalibor, Milin Čedomila (2012): Effects of temperature on sorption-desorption processes of imidacloprid in soils of Croatian coastal regions. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 47, 779-794
https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2012.676413
Calvet R (1989): Adsorption of organic chemicals in soils. Environmental Health Perspectives, 83, 145-177
https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8983145
Carter M.R. (1993): Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Ontario, Canadian Society of Soil Science Publications.
Djurovic Rada, Gajic-Umiljendic Jelena, Djordjevic Tijana (2009): Effects of organic matter and clay content in soil on pesticide adsorption processes. Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 24, 51-57
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF0901051D
ElShafei Gamal S., Nasr I.N., Hassan Ayman S.M., Mohammad S.G.M. (2009): Kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of cadusafos on soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 172, 1608-1616
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.034
Giles C. H., MacEwan T. H., Nakhwa S. N., Smith D. (1960): 786. Studies in adsorption. Part XI. A system of classification of solution adsorption isotherms, and its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and in measurement of specific surface areas of solids. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), , 3973-
https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9600003973
González-Pradas Emilio, Ureña-Amate María Dolores, Flores-Céspedes Francisco, Fernández-Pérez Manuel, Garratt James, Wilkins Richard (2002): Leaching of Imidacloprid and Procymidone in a Greenhouse of Southeast of Spain. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66, 1821-
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2002.1821
Li Wei, Qiu Shao-Ping, Wu Yi-Jun (2008): Triazophos residues and dissipation rates in wheat crops and soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 69, 312-316
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.012
Liang Bin, Yang Chengli, Gong Mingbo, Zhao Yanfu, Zhang Jun, Zhu Changxiong, Jiang Jiandong, Li Shunpeng (2011): Adsorption and degradation of triazophos, chlorpyrifos and their main hydrolytic metabolites in paddy soil from Chaohu Lake, China. Journal of Environmental Management, 92, 2229-2234
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.04.009
OECD (2000): Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Section 1 (106): Adsorption-Desorption Using Batch Equilibrium Method in Soils. Paris, Environmental Health and Safety Division, OECD Environment Directorate.
Rani Sunita, Madan V.K., Kathpal T.S. (2001): Persistence and Dissipation Behavior of Triazophos in Canal Water under Indian Climatic Conditions. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 50, 82-84
https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2001.2103
Swann R.L., Laskowski D.A., McCall P.J., Vander Kuy K., Dishburger H.J. (1983): A rapid method for the estimation of the environmental parameters octanol/water partition coefficient, soil sorption constant, water to air ratio, and water solubility. Residue Reviews, 85: 17–28.
ten Hulscher Th.E.M., Cornelissen G. (1996): Effect of temperature on sorption equilibrium and sorption kinetics of organic micropollutants - a review. Chemosphere, 32, 609-626
https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(95)00345-2
Tomlin C.D.S. (2009): The Pesticide Manual: A World Compendium. Alton, British Crop Production Council.
Vagi Maria C., Petsas Andreas S., Kostopoulou Maria N., Lekkas Themistokles D. (2010): Adsorption and desorption processes of the organophosphorus pesticides, dimethoate and fenthion, onto three Greek agricultural soils. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 90, 369-389
https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310903194980
Vig Komal, Singh Dileep K., Agarwal H. C., Dhawan A. K., Dureja Prem (2001): INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN COTTON CROP SOIL. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 36, 421-434
https://doi.org/10.1081/PFC-100104186
Zhu L.J., Zhang W., Zhang J.C., Zai D.X., Zhao R. (2010): Thermodynamics adsorption and its influencing factors of chlorpyrifos and triazophos on the bentonite and humus. Huan Jing Ke Xue, 31: 2699–2704. (In Chinese)