An intracardiac communication between the left ventricle and the right atrium (Geborde defect) was diagnosed in a 9-year Yorkshire Terrier with a history of chronic exercise intolerance. The history, clinical examination, and diagnostic imaging confirmed the diagnosis and did not reveal evidence of trauma or endocarditis which could lead to this special type of left-to-right shunting. A Gerbode defect is a very rare finding in human beings and animals. In the veterinary literature all reports about this condition were related to thoracic trauma or valvular infection. According to the authors, this would be the first clinical case of congenital Geborde defect in a dog.
canine; cushion defect; echocardiography; ventricular septal defect
Boon JA (2011): Manual of Veterinary Echocardiography. 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons. 632 p.
Cunningham Suzanne M., Lindsey Kathleen J., Rush John E. (2013): Acquired Gerbode defect and third-degree atrioventricular block secondary to vehicular trauma in a dog. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 23, 637-642
https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12094
GERBODE FRANK, HULTGREN HERBERT, MELROSE DENIS, OSBORN JOHN (1958): Syndrome of Left Ventricular-Right Atrial Shunt Successful Surgical Repair of Defect in Five Cases, with Observation of Bradycardia on Closure. Annals of Surgery, 148, 433-446
https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-195809000-00012
Hezzell Melanie J., Dennis Simon, Lewis Daniel H., Fuentes Virginia Luis (2011): Gerbode defect associated with blunt trauma in a dog. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 13, 141-146
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2010.12.003
Karaci Ali Riza, Aydemir Numan Ali, Harmandar Bugra, Sasmazel Ahmet, Saritas Turkay, Tuncel Zeliha, Yekeler Ibrahim (2012): Surgical Treatment of Infective Valve Endocarditis in Children with Congenital Heart Disease. Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 27, 93-98
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.2011.01339.x
KIRBY CHARLES K., JOHNSON JULIAN, ZINSSER HARRY F. (1957): Successful Closure of a Left Ventricular-Right Atrial Shunt. Annals of Surgery, 145, 392-394
https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-195703000-00014
Meyer Hermann (1857): Ueber angeborene Enge oder Verschluss der Lungenarterienbahn. Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin, 12, 497-538
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01950079
Peddle Gordon D., Boger Lore, Van Winkle Thomas J., Oyama Mark A. (2008): Gerbode type defect and third degree atrioventricular block in association with bacterial endocarditis in a dog. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 10, 133-139
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2008.08.001
Ramírez G. A., de los Monteros A. Espinosa, Rodríguez F., Weisbrode S. E., Jaber J. R., Herráez P. (2016): Left Ventricular Outflow Tract-Right Atrial Communication (Gerbode Type Defect) Associated with Bacterial Endocarditis in a Dog. Veterinary Pathology, 40, 579-582
https://doi.org/10.1354/vp.40-5-579
Silbiger Jeffrey J., Kamran Mazullah, Handwerker Sara, Kumar Nidhi, Marcali Marian (2009): The Gerbode Defect: Left Ventricular to Right Atrial Communication-Anatomic, Hemodynamic, and Echocardiographic Features. Echocardiography, 26, 993-998
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2009.01009.x
Sinisalo Juha P., Sreeram Narayanswami, Jokinen Eero, Qureshi Shakeel A. (2011): Acquired left ventricular–right atrium shunts. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 39, 500-506
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.04.027
Tilley LP (1992): Essentials of Canine and Feline Electrocardiography: Interpretation and Treatment. 3rd edn. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia. 348 p.
Vijayalakshmi IB, Narasimban C, Simha P (2013): Ventricular septal defects. In: Vijayalakshmi IB, Syamasundar P, Chugh R (eds): A Comprehensive Approach to Congenital Heart Diseases. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. 266–291.
