Effects of dexmedetomidine or tramadol continuous rate infusions on the propofol requirements and cardiorespiratory variables in propofol-ketamine-midazolam anaesthetised cats

T Souza; N Anjos; I Kersul; E Martins Filho; T Nunes; V Barbosa

doi:10.17221/138/2020-VETMED

Effects of dexmedetomidine or tramadol continuous rate infusions on the propofol requirements and cardiorespiratory variables in propofol-ketamine-midazolam anaesthetised cats

T Souza, N Anjos, I Kersul, E Martins Filho, T Nunes, V Barbosa

https://doi.org/10.17221/138/2020-VETMEDCitation:

Souza T, Anjos N, Kersul I, Martins Filho E, Nunes T, Barbosa V (2022): Effects of dexmedetomidine or tramadol continuous rate infusions on the propofol requirements and cardiorespiratory variables in propofol-ketamine-midazolam anaesthetised cats. Vet Med-Czech 67, 199–205.

download PDF

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of midazolam-ketamine alone or in combination with dexmedetomidine or tramadol in a constant rate infusion (CRI) on the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of propofol and the cardiorespiratory function in cats undergoing an ovariohysterectomy (OH). This was a prospective, randomised, blinded clinical study. Twenty-four healthy female mixed-breed cats were premedicated with ketamine and midazolam. Propofol was used for the induction and maintenance of the anaesthesia (starting at 18 mg/kg/h). Cats were assigned to groups (n = 8) to receive one of the following intravenous treatments: midazolam-ketamine group (MKG; ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/h); midazolam-ketamine-dexmedetomidine group [MKDG; ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/h and dexmedetomidine loading dose (LD) 1 mg/kg, CRI 1 mg/kg/h)] or midazolam-ketamine-tramadol group [MKTG; ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/h and tramadol (LD 2 mg/kg, CRI 1 mg/kg/h)]. During the OH, the propofol infusion was adjusted based on the clinical signs to maintain adequate anaesthetic depth. Selected variables were measured before (T0) and after (T1) the anaesthesia induction and during six surgical time points (T2–T7). The mean arterial pressure was higher and the heart rate was lower in MKDG at T1 (than in MKG and MKTG). The mean ± SD MIR of propofol were 17.4 ± 3.2, 15.0 ± 2.8 and 12.6 ± 3.5 mg/kg/h for MKG, MKTG, and MKDG, respectively. We conclude that, compared to midazolam-ketamine alone, midazolam-ketamine-tramadol and midazolam-ketamine-dexmedetomidine reduced the MRI of propofol by 13.8% and 27.5%, respectively, without significant changes in the selected indicators.

Keywords:

alpha-2 agonist; anaesthetic-sparing effect; feline; total intravenous anaesthesia

References:

Ambros B, Duke T. Effect of low dose rate ketamine infusions on thermal and mechanical thresholds in conscious cats. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2013 Nov;40(6):e76-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12057

Cagnardi P, Villa R, Zonca A, Gallo M, Beccaglia M, Luvoni GC, Vettorato E, Carli S, Fonda D, Ravasio G. Pharmacokinetics, intraoperative effect and postoperative analgesia of tramadol in cats. Res Vet Sci. 2011 Jun;90(3):503-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.07.015

Carollo DS, Nossaman BD, Ramadhyani U. Dexmedetomidine: A review of clinical applications. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008 Aug;21(4):457-61. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0b013e328305e3ef

Comassetto F, Gehrcke MI, Lima MPA, Tocheto R, Oleskovicz N. Infusao continua de propofol a taxa variada tempo dependente em gatos [Continuous infusion of propofol at variable rates in a time dependent in cats]. Semin Cienc Agrar. 2015 Mar;36(2):797-806. Portuguese. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n2p797

De Lacerda MS, Sampaio RL, De Rezende RS, Nunes TC. Cardiopulmonary and acid-base effects of tramadol in cats anesthetized with sevoflurane. Biosci J. 2016 May-Jun;32(3):684-90. https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v32n3a2016-29890

Farag E, Argalious M, Abd-Elsayed A, Ebrahim Z, Doyle DJ. The use of dexmedetomidine in anesthesia and intensive care: A review. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(38):6257-65. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161212803832272

Ilkiw JE, Pascoe PJ, Tripp LD. Effect of variable-dose propofol alone and in combination with two fixed doses of ketamine for total intravenous anesthesia in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2003 Jul;64(7):907-12. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.907

Kang WS, Kim SY, Son JC, Kim JD, Muhammad HB, Kim SH, Yoon TG, Kim TY. The effect of dexmedetomidine on the adjuvant propofol requirement and intraoperative hemodynamics during remifentanil-based anesthesia. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2012 Feb;62(2):113-8. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2012.62.2.113

Ko JC, Abbo LA, Weil AB, Johnson BM, Inoue T, Payton ME. Effect of orally administered tramadol alone or with an intravenously administered opioid on minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008 Jun 15;232(12):1834-40. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.232.12.1834

Mahidol C, Niyom S, Thitiyanaporn C, Suprasert A, Thengchaisri N. Effects of continuous intravenous infusion of morphine and morphine-tramadol on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane and electroencephalographic entropy indices in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2015 Mar;42(2):182-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12185

Mannarino R, Luna SP, Monteiro ER, Beier SL, Castro VB. Minimum infusion rate and hemodynamic effects of propofol, propofol-lidocaine and propofol-lidocaine-ketamine in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2012 Mar;39(2):160-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00679.x

Mathis A. Practical guide to monitoring anaesthetised small animal patients. In Pract. 2016 Sep;38(8):363-72. https://doi.org/10.1136/inp.i3947

Oliveira RL, Moreira CM, Barcellos MC, Silva CP, Teixeira JG, Souza HJ. Effect of administration rate on propofol requirement in cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2018 Feb;20(2):91-4. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X17695891

Pypendop BH, Barter LS, Stanley SD, Ilkiw JE. Hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine in isoflurane-anesthetized cats. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2011 Nov;38(6):555-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00663.x

Pypendop BH, Ilkiw JE. Pharmacokinetics of tramadol, and its metabolite O-desmethyl-tramadol, in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Feb;31(1):52-9.

Raffe MR. Total intravenous anesthesia for the small animal critical patient. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2020 Nov;50(6):1433-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.07.007

Ravasio G, Gallo M, Beccaglia M, Comazzi S, Gelain ME, Fonda D, Bronzo V, Zonca A. Evaluation of a ketamine-propofol drug combination with or without dexmedetomidine for intravenous anesthesia in cats undergoing ovariectomy. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012 Nov 15;241(10):1307-13. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.241.10.1307

Simon BT, Scallan EM, Coursey CD, Kiehl WM, Moore EJ. The clinical effects of a low dose dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion in isoflurane anesthetized cats. Vet J. 2018 Apr;234:55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.02.008

Souza SS, Intelisano TR, De Biaggi CP, Moura CA, Selmi AL, Dias RA, Cortopassi SR. Cardiopulmonary and isoflurane-sparing effects of epidural or intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine in cats undergoing surgery with epidural lidocaine. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2010 Mar;37(2):106-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00512.x

Thengchaisri N, Mahidol C. Evaluating the effects of continuous intravenous infusions of tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine on sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and entropy values in dogs. J Vet Med Sci. 2019 May 11;81(5):682-8. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.18-0448

Yang CY, Luk HN, Chen SY, Wu WC, Chai CY. Propofol inhibits medullary pressor mechanisms in cats. Can J Anaesth. 1997 Jul;44(7):775-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03013394

Zonca A, Ravasio G, Gallo M, Montesissa C, Carli S, Villa R, Cagnardi P. Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and propofol combination administered as ketofol via continuous infusion in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Dec;35(6):580-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01377.x

download PDF

Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Effects of dexmedetomidine or tramadol continuous rate infusions on the propofol requirements and cardiorespiratory variables in propofol-ketamine-midazolam anaesthetised cats

T Souza, N Anjos, I Kersul, E Martins Filho, T Nunes, V Barbosa

Impact factor (WoS):

SCImago Journal Rank (SCOPUS):

New Issue Alert

Similarity Check

Abstracted/Indexed in

Licence terms

Open Access Policy

Contact

Address