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This study was conducted to determine the effect of row spacing (40, 60 and 80 cm) on forage dry matter (DM) yield and quality of four hybrids grown in the years 2001 and 2002. The highest DM yield was obtained from the Arifiye (24.1 and 22.4 t/ha) while the lowest DM yield was obtained from Pioneer 3163 (19.9 and 19.8 t/ha) in the years 2001 and 2002, respectively. As row spacing increased, DM yield as an average of two years decreased from 27.2 to 16.6 t/ha. No differences were found among row spacing for DM content, harvest index (HI) and ear content. As row spacing increased, whole-plant acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content increased from 214 to 227 g/kg and from 420 to 451 g/kg during the year 2001, respectively. However, ADF content decreased from 281 to 267 g/kg and NDF contents decreased from 530 to 515 g/kg with increasing row spacing during the year 2002. In this study, hybrids showed distinct differences for crude protein, ADF and NDF contents in both years. Forage quality parameter including ADF and NDF of Pioneer 3163, TTM 8119 and Karadeniz Yildizi were higher than Arifiye hybrid.

The reaction of 50 winter wheat cultivars/lines to artificial infection with Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (PTR) races 1, 3, and 6 was studied under greenhouse conditions. The set of tested cultivars/lines included predominantly cultivars registered in the Czech Republic and some new breeding lines. A high level of resistance to P. tritici-repentis was detected in the cultivars Clarus, Rheia, Cubus, SHMK WW 14-92, Šárka, Vlasta and Dromos (SWS 799.14953), susceptible reactions were observed in the cultivars Caphorn, Corsaire, Karolinum, Heroldo (PBIS 00/91), Hedvika, Biscay, Svitava, Barroko (PBIS 00/140) to all three races tested. The majority of the tested cultivars possess a moderate level of resistance to PTRraces 1, 3, and 6. Significant differences were proved not only in the reaction of the tested cultivars but also in the aggressiveness of the three used isolates.

Breed effects on live weight gain, slaughter characteristics and carcass composition were compared in Aberdeen Angus, Charolais, Hereford and Simmental bulls. The experiment extended over 2 years and involved totally 96 animals. The target slaughter live weights were determined 550 kg for earlier maturing breeds Aberdeen Angus and Hereford and 630 kg for later maturing breeds Charolais and Simmental. Charolais and Simmental gained more rapidly (P < 0.05) than Aberdeen Angus while Hereford were intermediate. Hereford had lower (P < 0.05) dressing percentage than the other breeds. Percentages of grade I meat were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Charolais and Simmental. The highest percentage of separable fat was recorded in Hereford (P < 0.05). Charolais and Simmental had lower (P < 0.05) thickness of subcutaneous fat over MLLT than Aberdeen Angus andHereford. The later maturing bulls generally tended to achieve higher live weight gains during the experiment, produced less fat and had higher percentage of meat from high priced joints in comparison with earlier maturing animals.

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of starter diet containing 10% of treated rape cake (TRC) with a reduced glucosinolate content on calf growth, development and health. The experiment included 45 calves allocated into 3 groups. After the colostrum period (5 days) the calves were fed 4 l of pooled fresh milk per calf/day and one of the starters ad libitum. The control group (S) was fed Standard starter with components with a standard nutrient content including fibre. Comparative group T was fed Telstar starter, which contained whole maize kernels and protein pellets. Experimental group G was fed Grant starter containing 10% of treated rape cake. The calves were fed hay ad libitum from 10 weeks of age. The average starter consumption (calf/day) over a 90-day feeding period was 1.34, 1.72 and 1.45 kg of the Standard, Telstar and Grant diet, respectively. An insignificantly higher body weight of calves was recorded for the Grant group at the end of the experimental period. When the calculated indices were compared, it was obvious that the weight gains obtained with experimental starters Grant and comparative Telstar were by 4.0% higher and by 5.4% lower, respectively, than in the control group Standard. No significant changes in the parameters of nitrogen, energy, lipid and mineral metabolism, health status, hepatic parenchyma and thyroid function were observed throughout the experimental period. The diet based on experimental starter Grant had no adverse effect on the ruminal fermentation in calves. It may therefore be concluded that the starter diet with 10% content of treated rape cake had no adverse effect on calf growth and performance.

The effects of different levels of bud loading on the yield and some leaf and fruit characteristics in Hayward cultivar (A. deliciosa) in the province of Ordu, Turkey were examined during two growing seasons in 2000-2001. Six years old kiwifruit vines were pruned to carry the loads of 120, 180, 240 or 300 buds/vine on the canes with 12 buds. The study determined probable total leaf area (PTLA), probable total leaf number (PTLN), probable total leaf weight (PTLW) and yield per vine. Mean fruit weight (MFW) and soluble solid contents (SSC, %) of fruits were expressed. In addition, unit leaf area/100 g fruit weight (ULA/FW) was calculated. Leaf characteristics were examined in 3 periods of the growing season. Correlations between yield, leaf and fruit characteristics and treatments were determined. The result of the experiment, namely mean leaf area (MLA), mean leaf weight (MLW), PTLA, PTLN, PTLW ranged between 185.51-194.17 cm², 7.98-8.67 g, 21.047-58.61 m²/vine, 1,129.6-3,035.3 number/vine, 9.04-25.68 kg/vine, respectively. The mean yields of vines loaded with 120 and 300 buds were 34.84 and 100.96 kg/vine (12.19 and 35.34 ton/ha), respectively. Mean leaf area and mean leaf weight increased with increasing levels of bud loading, whereas MFW and ULA/FW decreased. There was a negative relationship between MFW, SSC and yield, and a positive relationship between MLA, PTLA and yield. ULA/FW ratio was between 581.88-611.54 cm² according to the bud loading level. Fruit size diminished as a consequence of dense canopies in both levels of bud loading (120 and 300 buds/vine). Unit leaf area per fruit weight ranged between 581.88-611.54 cm²/100 g, with respect to the bud loading applications. Increasing levels of bud loading resulted in reduced ULA/FW ratio and affected yield and some leaf and fruit characteristics.

The enhanced use of information and communication technologies (ICT) has a strong impact on business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) relationships as well as the way the key business processes are conducted. It can save costs and time, enable businesses to reach a wider market and to respond more quickly to the customer demands. These benefits open up new ways of doing international business. The policy objective is to encourage the integration of e-business into normal business by promoting the take-up of e-business services. Information and communication technologies are necessary to be seen as a tool for the increase of prosperity and competitiveness.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and chromium (chromium picolinate, Cr Pic) on egg production, some egg characteristics, and digestibility of nutrients in laying hens (Hy-Line) reared under a low ambient temperature (6.2°C). Two hundred and ten laying hens (32 week-old) were divided into seven groups, 30 hens per group. The treatment groups were designed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using two levels of vitamin C (125 and 250 mg/kg of diet) and three levels of chromium picolinate (200, 400, or 800 µg/kg of diet), and control group was fed basal diet. The highest values of performance were obtained if 250 mg/kg vitamin C was supplemented with either 400 or 800 µg Cr per kg of diet. An interaction between vitamin C and chromium for egg production (P = 0.05) and feed efficiency (P = 0.02) was detected. Similarly, egg weight, specific gravity, egg shell thickness, egg shell weight and Haugh unit improved with diet containing 250 mg vitamin C and either 400 or 800 µg Cr per kg of diet (P £ 0.05). Digestibility of dry matter (DM), ash, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) were higher with higher dietary vitamin C (P £ 0.05) and also with higher Cr (P £ 0.05). There were no interactions between vitamin C and chromium detected for any parameters measured for egg quality in terms of egg weight, specific gravidity, egg shell thickness, egg shell weight and Haugh unit and digestibility of nutrients (P ³ 0.28). Data obtained in the present study shows that a combination of 250 mg vitamin C and 400 µg chromium per kg of diet gave the best results in laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature and a conclusion is suggested that such a diet can be considered as a protective management practice in poultry to alleviate, at least in part, the depressive effect of cold stress on poultry performance.

In this paper we present recent findings about the beech bark necrotic disease in selected localities situated in the mountain ranges Vitosha and Stara planina in Bulgaria. The resulting values of necrotic disease expressed by the necrotisation index (I_SN) ranged from 0.72 to 1.12. In Slovakia such low values of I_SN were obtained only for seven out of 52 examined localities. The I_SN results are more favourable than the results obtained using the same methods for four localities situated in Northern Hungary (I_SN values ranging from 1.11 to 1.18). The results of monitoring of three selected biotic vectors of beech necrotic disease were follows: the focus of occurrence of the species Bucculatrix ulmella was in submountain beech forests. Considerable affinity to lower situated sites was found in Ectoedemia liebwerdella. We also found that the boundary of the occurrence of this species is approximately at 1,000 m a.s.l. The frequency values of Cryptococcus fagi were significantly influenced by the altitude. In four out of six localities we recorded the occurrence of three species of the genus Nectria: Nectria cosmariospora, Nectria galligena and Nectria coccinea.

The apparent uptake of mineral nitrogen (N_min) from top- and subsoil layers during the growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in Prague-Ruzyne on clay loam Chernozem soil in years 1996-2003. Two (N0, N1) and three treatments, unfertilized (N0), fertilized with 100 kg (N1) and 200 kg (N2) nitrogen per hectare were observed in years 1996-2000 and 2001-2003, respectively. The apparent uptake of nitrogen from soil layers was calculated from the changes of N_min content between sampling terms. Most of available mineral N in the soil down to 90 cm was almost fully depleted between tillering and anthesis in treatment N0. The uptake from subsoil layers was delayed and it continued during the period of grain filling in fertilized treatments. Nitrogen fertilization reduced utilization of N from subsoil. The apparent uptake of N from the zone 50-120 cm ranged from 21 to 62 kg N/ha in N0 and from 15 to 60 kg N/ha in N1 in years 1996-2000. In years 2001-2003 the corresponding values (50-130 cm) were 24-104 kg, 43-130 kg and 29-94 kg N/ha in treatments N0, N1 and N2, respectively. The uptake from 120 (130)-150 cm was around zero in a half of experimental years, and it reached at maximum 12 kg/ha in N0 in 1997. There was a strong linear relation between the amount of N_min in spring and the depletion of nitrogen from the zone 50-120 (130) cm, R² = 0.94, 0.91 and 0.99 in N0, N1 and N2, respectively.

Khaya senegalensis seed oil was evaluated for its efficacy in the control of Callosobruchus maculatus on stored cowpea. The oil was extracted locally from the dry K. senegalensis seeds. This was compared with Pirimiphos methyl E.C. as a standard. There was almost complete adult mortality of C. maculatus at 24 h after treatment with seed oil at 1, 2 and 3 ml/100 g of cowpea. The seed oil significantly reduced the F₁ and F₂ progeny emergence. The reduction in oviposition was not significant when compared with the control. The damage caused by C. maculatus was significantly reduced by K. senegalensis seed oil. For all the parameters examined, K. senegalensis seed oil showed no significant difference with Pirimiphos methyl E.C. in the control of C. maculatus, suggesting that K. senegalensis seed oil has high potential for use as botanical resource for control of C. maculates.

Genetic distances were studied among Czech Red cattle, German Red, Czech Pied, Polish Red, Czech Black and White, and German Black and White cattle. DA genetic distances were calculated, and trees were constructed using the neighbour-joining method. Evaluating the genetic distances by microsatellites, the lowest value was between Czech and German Black and White breeds. A surprisingly high value was found between Czech and German Red breeds, and the highest values between German Red breed and both German and Czech Black and White populations came up to expectations. In the phylogenetic tree made using microsatellites, the German and Polish Red breeds clustered, but Czech Red breed was not joined with them. The other cluster was obtained for Czech Black and White and German Black and White. The tree made of protein markers differed slightly. Because the populations of Czech and German Red breeds are small and also because of organizational issues, the common protection of Central-European red populations and breeding them as a gene pool are recommended.

In 1997 the Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals set up a comparative rootstock trial to study foreign-bred dwarf cherry rootstocks in the Hungarian climate. Based upon their effects on trunk and canopy growth, rootstocks can be classified into 3 groups: very vigorous (Cerasus mahaleb L. Cema, Cerasus avium L. C. 2493, Weiroot 13), medium vigorous (Weiroot 158, Weiroot 154, P-HL-A) and dwarfing rootstocks (Weiroot 72, Weiroot 53, GiSelA 5). Differences between the blooming and ripening times of rootstock/scion combinations were also observed. Linda produced the highest cumulative yield followed by Katalin, Germersdorfi 3 and Piramis. The largest fruit diameter was measured in Germersdorfi 3 among the sweet cherry cultivars; the highest ratio of fruits larger than 26 mm was found on Weiroot 72, and the lowest on GiSelA 5. The largest fruit diameter of the sour cherry Piramis was observed in trees on Cerasus avium C. 2493.

In three test years an assortment of 15 varieties of vegetable pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown in field conditions to study experimentally some of their morphological and biological properties. Mean plant height ranged from 435.7 mm (cv. Lastočka) to 636.7 mm (cv. Srbská). The smallest fruits had cultivars Čerešňová and Kecskeszarv with the weight of 4.86 g and 17.68 g. Average weight was the highest at varieties Pola kapia (92.23 g) and Melišor (91.92 g). The biggest length of mature leaves over 100 mm was measured at varieties Dolmy, Podarok Moldavy and Tuba; the smallest leaves according to length and width had variety Čerešňová. The mean vitamin C content in fruits about 2,000 mg/kg at green mature stage was found in cv. Bohatýr, Čerešňová and Podarok Moldavy. The highest vitamin C content in red fruits was analyzed at cv. Čerešňová (2,551.0 mg/kg) and Lastočka (2,422.2 mg/kg). Other observed characteristics were colour, shape and taste of fruits, colour of leaves and fruit wall thickness.

In the last two decades, the EU trails behind the USA in both the rate of economic growth and the rate of growth of productivity. In addition, in the next 25 years, the EU will experience demographic challenges in the form of the rapidly ageing population and a substantial increase in the dependency ratio. To answer these challenges, the EU needs economic policies which will facilitate the utilization of new technologies. To do that and to alleviate the growing pressures on the European social and economic model, the significant economic reforms are necessary. The key to that is the EU-wide integration of the financial sector.

In 16 male dogs who suffered from perineal hernia, polypropylene mesh was used to close a defect in the pelvic diaphragm. Pelvic bone was drilled on the pelvic floor and mesh was sutured through holes by polypropylene suture. Strong pelvic diaphragm, good long-term results and time-sparing by this technique was achieved. Suture sinuses were developed in two dogs one month postoperatively. Objectives of this study were to describe a new alternative technique of perineal herniorraphy and postoperative possible complications. Weakness of internal obturator muscle flap is complication which can be observed during transposition of internal obturator muscle flap. This technique can be used when internal obturator muscle flap is weak like the operation of the first choice.

This study deals with the assessment of increment losses in Scots pine trees caused by the maturation feeding of pine shoot beetles Tomicus piniperda (L.) and T. minor (Hart.) (Col., Scolytidae) in even-aged stands growing during their entire life span within range of the influence of a sawmill and its timber yard. In spring 2004, on three sample plots, 0.2 ha in size, situated 60, 200, and 500 m from the yard, height and dbh of all trees were measured and increment cores were taken from randomly selected sample trees. An agreement between the spatial distribution of losses in tree increments and the distribution of damage to crowns of investigated stands indicated that the losses resulted from the maturation feeding of pine shoot beetles migrating from the sawmill timber yard. Divergence of growth in the about 25-years-old stand indicated the beginning of intensive feeding of beetles in pine shoots with a high level of probability. In comparison with the control stand the basal area losses in stands growing 60 and 200 m from the beetle source amounted to 57% and 46%, respectively. The difference in the height of trees was as large as almost 100%.

The pharmacokinetics of lidocaine deals with the measurement of lidocaine concentration in the blood and its changes over time. The toxicity of lidocaine is a function of its peak plasma concentration, which in turn depends on several factors including total dose and rates of systemic absorption and elimination. The aim of the study was to assess serum levels of lidocaine after a single shot epidural injection in dogs seen in daily practice. The study included nine dogs undergoing different types of surgery. The animals were anesthetized with a combination of diazepam and ketamine; then lidocaine was injected epidurally. Blood samples for measurement of serum lidocaine concentration were obtained before and at 10, 30, 60 and 120 min after single injection. Basic vital parameters of heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure and hemoglobin saturation were recorded before induction of general anesthesia (T₁), immediately after intubation (T₂), and then at 10, 30, 60 and 120 min of epidural lidocaine administration. Study results indicated that serum lidocaine concentration did not reach the levels of potential toxicity in dogs upon epidural injection of 4 mg/kg lidocaine at a concentration of 2% and there were no significant alterations in basic vital parameters.

Forestreclamation of spoil banks in mining areas in the North-West of the country started in the second half of the last century. Nowadays forest stands growing on anthropogenic substrates which are still unlike to forest soils, are getting in the phase of possible natural and/or artificial regeneration. The basic characteristics of substrate in the area and ecological attitude of used tree species are driving variables for successful regenerations. The study summarizes the vitality and growth of selected species on anthropogenic substrates in the area with the recommendations of key tree species used for forest reclamation. The results show the best adaptation to anthropogenic substrates for black alder and maple.

In 2001-2004, the influence of various ways of farming unmanaged grasslands on the mineral nitrogen content in lysimetric waters was monitored. Field trials with 11 variants were performed 420 m above sea level, at depths of 0.2 and 0.4 m, 4-5 times annually. The average amount of N_min released per ha per year in lysimetric waters ranged from 0.84 to 5.12 kg. The upper layer to a depth of 0.2 m had a higher content. The conclusive difference, in comparison with properly farmed control, was with the black fallow and in the variant where fallow followed mulching. With the exception of this method of farming the pratotechnics of unmanaged grasslands - mulching did not increase the load of rhisosphere, either by the overall mineral nitrogen, or by the concentration of N-NO₃^-. Even by using fallow for a four-year period, a conclusive increase in the content of N_min was not observed.

The aim of study was to verify a possibility of adding boron to multi-nutrient soil tests: Mehlich 3, water (1:5) and 0.5M NH₄-acetate extraction. Thirty-six different soils from topsoils of agriculturally farmed field were used for the study. The basic set of 36 soils was doubled when the same soil samples with gypsum addition at an equivalent dose 2 t Ca/ha were used. The closest correspondence between B in soil (n = 72) and B in plant was found out by the NH₄-acetate soil test. This test proved its good universality and independence on a radical intervention in soil chemistry by gypsum treatment. It responded to an increase in B-availability to plants after gypsum treatment of soil. The adjustment of NH₄-acetate boron by the percentage difference between the actual and the desired pH of soil improved the closeness of the correlation. Although the H₂O soil test showed its lower universality, it is assumed to use the H₂O soil test for prediction of B-status in soil when the history of previous fertilisation of the field will be known. The Mehlich 3 soil test did not prove to be suitable for diagnostics of B-status in soil.

In 2001-2004 virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in the Czech Republic was studied on Thatcher near-isogenic lines with Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr10, Lr11, Lr15, Lr17, Lr19, Lr21, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr28. Samples of leaf rust (180 in total) were obtained from different parts of the Czech Republic. Resistance genes Lr9 and Lr19 were effective to all tested isolates like in the previous years. Unlike the previous years virulence on Lr24 and Lr28 was observed. Relatively effective were also Lr1, Lr2a, Lr24, Lr28 and Lr2b. Other Lr genes were defeated by the majority of the tested samples. Our results transformed to the numbers of physiologic races indicate that race 61SaBa prevailed like in the previous years, followed by races 61, 2, 12SaBa, 2SaBa, 14, 77SaBa, 12, 57, 6, 53, 53SaBa, 77, and 14SaBa. Twenty-one winter wheat cultivars registered in 2001-2004 were tested with 8 leaf rust isolates. Out of them 15 showed resistance at least to one rust isolate. High resistance recorded in field trials for cvs Batis and Ilias, which were susceptible to all tested rust isolates at the seedling stage, demonstrates the importance of field (partial) resistance.

A total of 199 Phytophthora infestans isolates were obtained from leaves, tubers and fruits of infected crops of potato and tomato in different regions of the Czech Republic in 2003, 2004 and 2005. They were analysed for mating type using the conventional pairing assay and PCR markers; 107 isolates were of A1 and 92 of A2 mating type. No self-fertile isolate was found. Our study is the first report of the presence and distribution of the A2 mating type of P. infestans in the Czech Republic. The co-existence of the two mating types may enable the pathogen to reproduce sexually, thus enhancing the diversity of its population countrywide.

Humoral immunity has an important role during the maturation and development of the functional properties of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa may be exposed to antisperm antibodies in semen and in cervical, ovarian follicular and fallopian fluid. Antisperm antibodies can be complement-fixing or non-fixing and may affect the reproductive functions in a number of ways. Although the antisperm antibody alone can cause sperm agglutination, complement fixation is required for their immobilization. Therefore, the complement activation might be a "keystone" for the better understanding of "sperm humoral immunity" and some types of infertility. Recently, three cell surface molecules (CD molecules - CD46, CD55, CD59) present on many tissues in male and female reproductive tracts and gametes have been identified. These proteins belong to the family of complement regulatory proteins which could regulate the function of a complement system by cleavage of complement cascade in discrete sites of both activation ways (classical and alternative). In this review, the particular mechanisms of activity of complement regulatory proteins are presented as well as their function in a fertilization process and expression in human and animal tissues and organs.

The objective of this paper was to determine basic components of pork and beef (fat, protein, water content) using FT NIR spectroscopy. The samples were analysed on an FT NIR Nicolet Antaris device in a reflec-tance regimen. Reference results from classical analyses were used for the calibration of the device. Calibration models were created using PLS algorithm (method of partial least squares) and verified by cross-validation. High correlation coefficients (R) of calibration were calculated (fat 0.998; protein 0.976; water 0.994), and subsequently of validation as well (fat 0.997; protein 0.970; water 0.993) and very low standard deviations of the calibration and validation (SEC, SEP). No statistically significant differences between the reference and predicted values of determination were detected in Z-test. According to the published results, the NIRS method has a high potential to replace an expensive and time demanding chemical analysis of meat composition.

This text aims to introduce the results of the ecological footprint (EF) calculations in the system of organic agriculture (OA). The EF is an alternative indicator of the human activity impact on the environment. It is not calculated in monetary units but in hectares as an area needed for resourcing certain production or activity. OA is an agricultural system which respects natural cycles in ecosystems. It is based on old traditions and nowadays, with regard to environmental degradation, comes again forward. The text contains as well the results of some other researches studying mainly energy consumption in agriculture, which is further converted into the EF. The results, however, need to be compared very carefully, since the procedures of calculations as well as the organic farming rules in various countries or particular farms conditions and quality of input data of the mentioned studies may significantly differ. The authors cite them mainly because of illustrative reasons.

The aim of this study was to reveal morphological and morphometrical properties of the sacculus rotundus (SR) and ileum in the Angora rabbit. For this purpose, a total of thirteen adult healthy Angorarabbits of both sexes were used. At the level of the junction of the ileum and SR, the ileum invaginated into the SR by protruding in 9 Angorarabbits, but joined directly the SR in 21. Numerous aggregate lymph follicles located just under the tunica serosa formed outstanding macroscopic polygonal areas on the external surface of the SR. In the inner wall of the SR, irregular projections were seen grossly. The saccorotundocecal orifice was found to be bordered laterally by two folds facing the cecum. These folds enclosed small polygonal spaces with mushroom shaped protrusions. The mean lengths and weights of SR and ileum in male were larger than those in female, and the related values also had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Compared with the ileum, the SR had short and thick villi, had a large amount of crypts and aggregated lymphoid follicles, and had a much thicker wall and much wider lumen. The crescent-like-hollows were detected between the lamina propria and the apical portions of the lymph follicles. The results from this study are thought to shed light on future studies on the digestive system and proper diagnosis of pathological disorders related to it in the Angora rabbit, and to contribute to the present morphological knowledge on the SR and ileum in this species.

Dokumenty týkajúce sa regulácie hospodárenia v lesoch sa prakticky až dodnes považovali za materiály, týkajúce sa skoro výlučne len jednotlivých odborných rezortov. Na základe Vyhlášky Ministerstva financií SR č. 465/1991 ich možno efektívne využívať aj v rámci rezortov financií a spravodlivosti. Ďalšie významné medzirezortné využitie týchto dokumentov vyplýva zo Zákona č. 127/1994 o posudzovaní environmentálneho dopadu. Cieľom práce je demonštrovať proces posudzovania na konkrétnom príklade - ploche patriacej do lesného pozemkového fondu. Okrem máp, výsledkov pozorovania, slovných popisov a súborov numerických údajov, týkajúcich sa jednotlivých porastov, obsahujú tieto dokumenty aj kódované údaje, ktoré pre väčšinu užívateľov nie sú zrozumiteľné bez využitia dekódovacích kľúčov. A práve tieto posledné údaje majú pri vyhodnocovaní environmentálneho dopadu najvyššiu výpovednú hodnotu. Po nadobudnutí platnosti pripravovaného zákona (vyhlášky) o strate vlastníctva, vyplývajúcej z prohibitívnych a ďalších podmienok v lesnom hospodárstve v súvislosti s presadzovaním verejno-prospešného záujmu (Kundrík et al. 1999), významne vzrastie dôležitosť využitia finálnych dokumentov týkajúcich sa regulácie hospodárenia v lesoch SR.

By means of computer-based image analysis it was possible to accelerate and automate a number of originally time-consuming activities in plant pathology and forest protection. In 1997-2005, image analysis was applied to the measuring of the size of colonies of fungi in vitro, feeding mark area, mass measuring of the size of spores and other microscopic objects, assessment of the progress of rot in a stem etc. The paper brings particular examples of the application of image analysis including methodical procedures and examples of research results obtained using Lucia G and Quick Photo Micro programs.

Damage to forest stands and their decline in the Czech Republic evoked a necessity to elucidate the function of soil in these processes. Main factors affecting acidification of forest soils are assessed in the paper. On the one hand, it refers to natural factors such as properties of soil-forming substrates and species composition of forest stands, on the other hand, to the effects of anthropogenic character such as influences of man-made spruce monocultures and effects of acid depositions. Special attention is paid to the development of forest soils in the Krušné hory Mts., where the effects of acid depositions are highest.

Effects of the year, previous crop and control of leaf diseases on grain yield, test weight, protein and starch content, Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain were investigated in four spring barley varieties. The trials were set up in 2001-2004 at Kroměříž (235 m above sea level, average annual temperature 8.7°C, annual precipitation sum 599 mm) in a five-course crop rotation, where spring barley followed the previous crops sugar beet, winter wheat, maize, and oilseed rape. The experimental years differed a lot in temperature and precipitation. The years 2001 and 2002 were dry and warm and grain yield was much lower as compared to that in the following years even though the other growing conditions were identical. The most stable quality parameters were obtained after the previous crop sugar beet. The average value of test weight was 661 g/l(ranging from 629 to 685 g/l), protein content 11.2% (10.3-11.7%) and starch content 61.5% (58.9-64.9%). Grain yield averaged 6.67 t/ha. Test weight after maize was on average 658 g/l(619-692 g/l), protein content 11.5% (10.1-12.4%), starch content 60.7% (59.2-63.8%), and grain yield 6.24 t/ha. Test weight and starch content were lower and protein content higher after oilseed rape and winter wheat. A higher FHB incidence and DON content were found after the previous crop maize. In 2001 and 2002 with strong water deficit during the growing seasons, more grains infected by Fusarium spp. were detected and DON content was higher too. The increase was due to a short rainy period at heading of spring barley. Problems of variable conditions for growing malting varieties of spring barley and current possibilities of producing both good grain yields and quality are discussed.